The Large Hadron Collider at CERN: Entering a new era in unravelling the mystery of matter, space...

The Large Hadron Collider at CERN:The Large Hadron Collider at CERN: Entering a new era in unravelling the mystery of Entering a new era in unravelling the mystery of

matter, space and timematter, space and time

Tsinghua, BeijingApril 2009

Felicitas Pauss

LHCLHC

Tsinghua University Beijing, April 2009 2

AtomProton

Big Bang

Radius of Earth

Earth to Sun

Universe

Radius of Galaxies

cmHubbleALMA

VLT

WMAP

Study the structure of the Universe at its most fundamental level: explore the basic physics laws which govern the fundamental building blocks of matter

and the structure of spacetime

Particle PhysicsParticle Physics

Super-MicroscopeSuper-Microscope

LHCLHC


Particle massParticle mass ?Particle massParticle mass ?

Open Fundamental questionsOpen Fundamental questions

Unification of Forces ?Unification of Forces ?Unification of Forces ?Unification of Forces ?

Dark MatterDark Matter ? ?Dark MatterDark Matter ? ?

Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry?Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry?Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry?Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry?

Answers to open questionsAnswers to open questions LHC at CERNLHC at CERN

LHCLHC


Start-up of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), one of the largest and truly global scientific projects ever, is the most exciting turning point in particle physics.

Start-up of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), one of the largest and truly global scientific projects ever, is the most exciting turning point in particle physics.

LHC ring:27 km circumference

Will address Will address some of the most fundamental some of the most fundamental questions in modern physicsquestions in modern physics

Will address Will address some of the most fundamental some of the most fundamental questions in modern physicsquestions in modern physics

CMSCMSCMSCMS

ALICEALICEALICEALICE

LHCbLHCbLHCbLHCb

ATLASATLASATLASATLAS

Enter a New Era in Fundamental ScienceEnter a New Era in Fundamental Science


The LHC will illuminate a new illuminate a new landscape of physicslandscape of physics, possibly answering some of the most

fundamental questions in modern fundamental questions in modern physicsphysics, like e.g.

The origin of massUnification of fundamental forces

New forms of matterExtra dimensions of spacetime

LHC: LHC: Exploration of a new energy frontierExploration of a new energy frontier

LHCLHC

Proton-proton collisions at EProton-proton collisions at ECMCM = 14 TeV = 14 TeV

Heavy Ions: Heavy Ions: Lead-lead collisions: Energy/nucleon = 2.76 TeV/uEnergy/nucleon = 2.76 TeV/u


Future of High-Energy Frontier

Overall increaseincrease of CERN Users since May 2001since May 2001: 46%46% 26% Member States 97% Observer States (India, Israel, Japan, Russia, Turkey, USA)

121% Other States

Due to LHC

CERN became a CERN became a GLOBAL GLOBAL

LABORATORYLABORATORY


ChineseChinese Involvement in LHC Experiments Involvement in LHC Experiments

LHCLHC

3 InstitutesIHEP BeijingPeking Univ.USTC Hefei

55 members

1 InstituteTsinghua University, Beijing

14 members

3 InstitutesInst. of Atomic Energy, Beijing

Hua-Zhong Normal Univ., WuhanHua-Zhong Univ., Wuhan

7 members

4 InstitutesIHEP BeijingNanjing Univ.

Shangdong Univ.USTC Hefei

31 members

Chinese Institutes are involved in all 4 LHC experiments

Hardware contributionsHardware contributionsPreparation for physics analysisPreparation for physics analysis

LCG: Tier-2 at IHEPLCG: Tier-2 at IHEP



ATLAS China Group, meeting IHEP, May 2005ATLAS China Group, meeting IHEP, May 2005

Chinese muon chambers installed in the Chinese muon chambers installed in the ATLAS detectorATLAS detector

32 MDT constructed at IHEP32 MDT constructed at IHEP

Muon trigger chambers construction Muon trigger chambers construction at Shandongat Shandong

ExamplesExamples



1/3 of CSC chamber production at IHEP1/3 of CSC chamber production at IHEP

CSC in CMSCSC in CMS

RPC’RPC’s for barrel muon system, Peking University

RPC chambers are mounted behind RPC chambers are mounted behind the CSCsthe CSCs

CMS infrastructure and cabling

andcontribution to purchase of

crystals from SIC

ExamplesExamples

Support carts

All support carts support carts for endcap disksfor endcap disks

were built at Hudong Shipyards



Construction of the HV card testing systemHV card testing system at Tsinghua Testing of all the HV cards at NIKHEF (1850 HV boards)

at Tsinghua :Construction and testing of Gigabit Ethernet Board (GEB), Gigabit Ethernet Board (GEB), Optical Receiver Card (ORC)Optical Receiver Card (ORC)GEBGEBORCORC

Contribution to the production and commissioning of the read-read-

outout and trigger electronicstrigger electronics for the Photon spectrometer

PHOSPHOS

Chinese team participated in the Chinese team participated in the ALICE installation at Point 2ALICE installation at Point 2

CCNU, WuhanCCNU, WuhanHUST, WuhanHUST, WuhanCIAE, BeijingCIAE, Beijing

ExamplesExamples


Protons, Ebeam= 7 TeV

Beam crossings : 40 Million / secp p - Collisions : ~ 600 Million / secWrite to disk : ~ 100 / sec, 1-2 Mbyte each

Collisions at LHC …. in 2009Collisions at LHC …. in 2009

Protons, Ebeam= 7 TeV


Beam Conditions for Physics Machine protection will be tested with beam (at

0.45 TeV energy levels)

Beam energy limit in 2010: 5 TeV Beam energy limit in 2010: 5 TeV

Estimated integrated luminosity Estimated integrated luminosity The The during first 100 days of operation.. during first 100 days of operation.. ≈≈100pb100pb-1-1

Peak L of 5.1031 η (overall) = 10% gives 0.5pb-1/dayPeak L of 2.1032 η (overall) = 10% gives 2.0pb-1/day

During next 100 days of operationDuring next 100 days of operation ≈ ≈ 200pb200pb-1-1??

Towards end of year (2010) heavy ion runheavy ion run

The LHC is an unprecedented adventureThe LHC is an unprecedented adventureImperative to progress with careImperative to progress with care


Present Status of ExperimentsUse time in most efficient way:Use time in most efficient way:

Installation of some detector components, some repairs, commissioning using cosmics

Gain operation experience in situ before collisions start

ATLAS: 216 million cosmic events

CMS: 300 million cosmic events

CMS


Basic processes at LHC

gg

gg

W/ZW/Z

W/ZW/Z


LHC Physics in 2009/2010LHC Physics in 2009/2010

First beams: First beams: very early physics - rediscover SM physicsrediscover SM physics Detector synchronization, in-situ alignment and calibration

10 pb10 pb-1-1: Standard Model processes measure jet and lepton rates, observe W, Z bosons first lookfirst look at possible extraordinary signaturesextraordinary signatures…

Measure Standard Model ProcessesMeasure Standard Model Processes (at 10TeV need ~ 30pb-1):

~ 104 Z e+e- (golden Z’s for detector studies (1%))

~ 105 W e~ 103 ttbar (measure to 10%)

Initial Higgs searches and searches for physics beyond the SM

Background for new physics

Need to understand very well

30 pb30 pb-1-1

> 200 pb> 200 pb-1-1 Entering Higgs discovery era and explore large part of SUSY and new resonances at ~ few TeV


L=1035

LHC discoveries vs. time: we can dream !!LHC discoveries vs. time: we can dream !!

“ “ We are ready for an unforeseen event that may or may not occur”We are ready for an unforeseen event that may or may not occur”(A. Gore)

Up

da

te 2

00

9


LHC ring:27 km circumference

CMSCMSCMSCMS

ALICEALICEALICEALICE

LHCbLHCbLHCbLHCb

ATLASATLASATLASATLAS

Very exciting years are ahead of usVery exciting years are ahead of usVery exciting years are ahead of usVery exciting years are ahead of us

谢谢 !

The Large Hadron Collider at CERN: Entering a new era in unravelling the mystery of matter, space...

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