The Korean Approach to Validation for Lifelong Learning
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Transcript of The Korean Approach to Validation for Lifelong Learning
The Korean Approach to Validation for Lifelong Learning
Kim ShinilBaekseok University, Korea
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Higher Education in Korea
Population 48 million (North Korea, 25mil.)
Institutions 432 (Univ. 189, more than 2/3 is private).
Students 3,728,802 (Univ. 2,108,958), mostly young and full time.
Students bear major part of the ex-penses.
Enrolment rate 76%
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- Tertiary Education attainment (35-64 age group) is 26%.- High aspiration for BA degree in learning society.
- HEI is already packed with young students. - Korea has to deal with the situation with bold measures.
Higher Education in learning society
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VPL in the situation
Lifelong Learning
VPL
HEI
School-ing So-ciety
VPL
Learning Society
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European vs. Korean Utilizing VPL within Higher Education
ContextKorea: Providing di-rect opportunity to obtain college de-
gree
European countries: Assisting admission to
HEI
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Early VPL Policy in Korea Bachelor’s Degree Examination for
Self-Education (BDES)Since 1990 BA degree through examination
only Academic Credit Bank System (ACBS)
Since 1998 Obtaining Associate’s or BA degree
through validation of non-formal learning
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Early VPL Policy in Korea
BDES and ACBS awarding higher education degrees to
non-students who are recognized as reaching the same level of learning with university students.
Degree awarding approach to VPL/RPLReflecting cultural and historical
background of Korea
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Old Korean Education Sys-tem
Lasted more than 10centuries Public school system from the 7th century
basic schools middle schools higher education(the Royal College)
SchoolsNational Examina-
tion
Old Ko-rean Edu-
cation System
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National Examina-tion
Since the year of 958. Instrument of qualification for social status
and selecting government officials. 3 courses of Examination
Civil exam, Military exam, and Specialist exam. Civil exam
The most prestigious one 3 stages: lower, upper, and the highest.
Specialist exam medicine, foreign languages, accounting, astron-
omy.
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National Examina-tion
Who applied : From the teens to the fifties. Stages of examination in part connected
with public school levels. However, more than half of all applicants dur-
ing the Choseon dynasty (1392-1910) took the highest examination without attending the royal college.
Most of them from high class family Preparing the examination with personal tutor
or at the private tutoring classes.
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National Examina-tion
Two characteristics National examination in old Korea was
open not only to the graduates of school but also to people without or unfinished schooling.
Examination functioned as a validation of learning experiences outside of school and university system.
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Modernization Old Education System
Discontinued at the end of 19th century Modern Education System
schooling-oriented developed in Europe
However, the alternative track through examinations has not disap-peared until today.
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BDES Bachelor’s Degree Examination for Self-Education
Since 1990 as an alternative track Four stages of qualifying examination
general education major basic major advanced comprehensive.
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BDES Exemption of examination
For who learners who already achieved a certain number of cred-its from university or had certifi-cates of concerned area.
About 14,000 persons have been awarded bachelor degree since 1990.
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ACBS Proposed as one of the President Commis-
sion of Education Reform measures in 1996 Recognition of learning at non-formal edu-
cation programs for the higher education degree
In 2013, about 50,000 learners are granted Associate’s or BA degree for 109 study ar-eas
About 70% of the registered learners are 30 years or older.
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ACBS Validation of learning during the military service
Mandatory military service of young men for about two years
An agreement between Ministers of the Education and the Defense in 2007.
Recognition of learning from trainings and educa-tions during the military service as credits
Utilizing credits toward the higher education degree through the academic credit bank system, or for vo-cational qualifications and licenses.
About 310,000 soldiers obtained credits during the years of 2007~2012.
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ACBS Validation of learning from the National In-
tangible Cultural Assets Vanishing traditional arts and crafts in Korea hardly respected by universities Successors of the cultural assets Validation toward the degree activated learning
of the vanishing skills Validation is an powerful instrument for reviving
learning of a neglected culture. ACBS explores new study areas that are not
properly recognized
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New Developments Validation of Workplace learning are
expanded through revision of laws Annually 80 marine engineers obtained
certificate by the recognition of field ex-periences after revision of the act of ma-rine industry manpower in 2008.
The revised Qualification Act expanded coverage of validation of vocational skill learning at work.
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Lifelong Learning-oriented University Project Provide more programs for adult learn-
ers Transform themselves into the lifelong
learner- friendly institutesadmission criteria and processreorganization of department/facultycurriculum and instructional methodsintroducing new concept of teaching
staffvalidation of prior learning
New Developments
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Lifelong Learning Account System (LLAS) Overarching management system of lifelong
learning society Accumulation, assessment, validation and
recognition of each individual’s all kinds of learning
Recommended by the President Commission of Education Reform in 1995
Since 2010, about 5,000 learners are regis-tered
New Developments
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Challenges and Tasks
Professionals for non-formal and infor-mal learning – ‘Lifelong Education Spe-cialist’
RVA as essential bridge connecting learning and working
Diversification of learning for higher education
From education to learning
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Thank you