The Knowledge Grid The Knowledge Grid MethodologyMethodology

Concepts,Concepts, Principles and Principles and PracticePractice

Hai Zhuge

China Knowledge Grid Research Group

Chinese Academy of Sciences

QuestionsQuestions

What is the semantics in the future interconnection environment?

What is the knowledge in the future interconnection environment?

What is the Knowledge Grid ?What is the Semantic Grid ?

KnowledgeKnowledgeKnowledge in nature is a product of societyInternet offers great social opportunities for

knowledge generation and sharing

Recognizing the nature, source and principles of knowledge is essential to realizing effective machine-enabled knowledge services

Professional Knowledge

Commonsense Expert Knowledge

The Knowledge GridThe Knowledge GridWorldwide knowledge creation,

evolution, inheritance, and sharing in a world of humans, roles and machines

Semantics, Knowledge and GridSemantics, Knowledge and Grid

Knowledge

Semantics

Computing

GridInternet

Semantic GridSemantic Web

Knowledge Grid

Basis for knowledge

sharing

What is What is the Knowledge Gridthe Knowledge Grid??

An intelligent and sustainable Internet application environment that enables people or roles to effectively capture, publish, share and manage explicit knowledge resources. It– provides on-demand services to support innovation,

teamwork, problem-solving and decision making– incorporates epistemology and ontology to reflect human

cognition characteristics– exploits social, ecological and economic principles– adopts the techniques and standards developed during

work toward the next-generation web

Features of Knowledge GridFeatures of Knowledge Grid Virtual feature

– The Grid is not the unique underlying infrastructure

Social feature– An artificial environment can only be

effective when it works harmoniously with its society

Adaptive feature– Self-adaptive like ecosystem

Semantic feature– It works on a interconnection semantic

overlay

XML, XMLSRDF, RDFS

OWLRIF

Reasoning

Applications

Interconnection S

emantics

Advanced Applications

Distinctive Characteristics of the Distinctive Characteristics of the Knowledge GridKnowledge Grid

Single semantic entry point access to worldwide knowledge

Intelligently clustered, fused distributed knowledge

Single semantic image Worldwide complete knowledge service Dynamic evolution of knowledge

Synergy Epistemology and OntologySynergy Epistemology and Ontology

Ontology– Concerns: what is, and the kinds and structures of the

objects, properties and relations in every area of reality– Reflects consensus

Epistemology– Reflects differences

Ontology

Epistemology Epistemology

Understand each other？

Synergy Normalization and Synergy Normalization and AutonomyAutonomy

Normalization– Correctness– Accuracy– e.g., Relational Data Model

Autonomy– Equality– Scalability

Normalized Semantic Model

P2P networking

RSM

Knowledge Grid Applications

H.Zhuge, Resource Space Grid: Model, Method and Platform, Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 16(14) (2004)1385-1413

RSM

Adopt System MethodologyAdopt System Methodology

Create a dissipative structure to self-upgrading– H.Zhuge, Eco-Grid: A Harmoniously Evolved Interconnection

Environment, Communications of the ACM, Sept. 2004

Hypercycle: a natural self-organization– knowledge are processed by and flows through

individuals to organize and self-evolve– H.Zhuge, Discovery of Knowledge Flow in Science,

Communications of the ACM, 2006

Knowledge FlowKnowledge Flow

Self-organizes virtual teams

KnowledgeInformation

KnowledgeKnowledge Flows through Semantic, Trust, Selfish and Flows through Semantic, Trust, Selfish and

Unselfish SpacesUnselfish Spaces

Link network

Trust Space

Selfish Space Unselfish Space

Knowledge Space

Semantic space

PrinciplePrinciple

Integrity and uniformityHierarchical principleOpen principleSelf-organization principleCompetition and

cooperationOptimization principleSustainable development

Research IssuesResearch Issues Theories, models, methods and mechanisms

for knowledge capture and representation Knowledge display and creation Propagation and management of knowledge

within virtual organization Knowledge organization, evaluation,

refinement and derivation Knowledge integration Abstraction Scalable network platform

TechnologiesTechnologies

Internet Technologies

Data Model Grid Semantic Web Web Services

Information Processing Technologies System Methodology

AI The Knowledge Grid

New Organization Model New Computing Model

Principles of Relevant Disciplines

New Software Methodology

From Micro to MacroFrom Micro to Macro

Micro Knowledge Grid – For personal knowledge management

Team Knowledge Grid– For team knowledge management and sharing

Macro Knowledge Grid– For global knowledge sharing

A macro Knowledge Grid is more powerful than the sum of micro Knowledge Grids

Test CriteriaTest Criteria

Effective knowledge service– e.g., response time

Quality of knowledge servicesSelf-evolution ability

– whether services could be improved during useOn average, a Knowledge Grid should

perform better than other systems in 70% of tests

More than 900 cavesMore than 900 cavesOver 1500 years’ historyOver 1500 years’ history

Wall-paintings, Statues, CalligraphiesWall-paintings, Statues, Calligraphies

Dunhuang Culture Grid

Cave Content SpaceCave Content Space

Dynasty

Resource Type Artifact

Type

Content

Cave

Semantic Link

Links

Classification semantics

Link semantics

CaveGrid400

CaveGrid2

CaveGrid3

CaveGrid4

CaveGrid1

Researchers

Visitors

Cave Makers

Information / Knowledge Grid

Natural Cave Semantic Grid

Thank YouThank You