The Kingdom of IsraelThe Kingdom of Israel

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

1.1.We will explain the significance of David in the We will explain the significance of David in the development of the Jewish religion.development of the Jewish religion.

2.2.We will identify the sources of the ethical We will identify the sources of the ethical teachings and central beliefs of Judaism.teachings and central beliefs of Judaism.

Did You Know?Did You Know?

Jerusalem has had different names Jerusalem has had different names throughout history.throughout history. Before King David conquered Jerusalem, the Before King David conquered Jerusalem, the

city was called Jebus.city was called Jebus. King David renamed the city the City of David.King David renamed the city the City of David. Account of the AssyriansAccount of the Assyrians’’ conquering of the conquering of the

city referred to Jerusalem as the City of city referred to Jerusalem as the City of Judah.Judah.

Israelites Choose a KingIsraelites Choose a King PhilistinesPhilistines were the strongest people in Canaan were the strongest people in Canaan

around 1000 B.C.around 1000 B.C. Israelites feared the Philistines, so they copied their ways Israelites feared the Philistines, so they copied their ways

and worshiped their gods.and worshiped their gods. To keep from quarreling among themselves and to save To keep from quarreling among themselves and to save

their religion, the 12 tribes asked Samuel, a prophet, to their religion, the 12 tribes asked Samuel, a prophet, to choose a king.choose a king.

ProphetProphet: a person who claims to be instructed by God.: a person who claims to be instructed by God. Samuel warned the Israelites against having a king.Samuel warned the Israelites against having a king.

Israelites named Israelites named SaulSaul as king. as king. Samuel Samuel anointedanointed him, him,

King Saul displeased God. King Saul displeased God. So God chose another king, So God chose another king, DavidDavid.. God told Samuel anoint David in secret.God told Samuel anoint David in secret.

Focus CheckFocus Check

Why did Samuel warn the Israelites Why did Samuel warn the Israelites against choosing a king?against choosing a king? Samuel told the Israelites that a king would Samuel told the Israelites that a king would

enslave them and make them pay taxes. enslave them and make them pay taxes.

David & SolomonDavid & Solomon David was a famous David was a famous

warrior.warrior. He killed a giant He killed a giant

Philistine named Goliath Philistine named Goliath with a slingshot and with a slingshot and stones. stones.

King Saul put David in King Saul put David in charge of the army but charge of the army but later grew envious of later grew envious of David and plotted to David and plotted to have him killed.have him killed.

David hid until Saul and David hid until Saul and his sons were killed.his sons were killed.

Then, David took the Then, David took the throne. throne.

SolomonSolomon SolomonSolomon was David was David’’s son who took the throne s son who took the throne

after Davidafter David’’s death.s death. Solomon built the stone temple in Jerusalem that Solomon built the stone temple in Jerusalem that

David wanted to build.David wanted to build. He was known for his He was known for his proverbsproverbs, or wise sayings., or wise sayings.

When Solomon died, the 12 tribes began When Solomon died, the 12 tribes began fighting.fighting. 10 of the tribes moved to the north and called their 10 of the tribes moved to the north and called their

nation: nation: kingdom of Israel.kingdom of Israel. The other 2 tribes moved to the south and called their The other 2 tribes moved to the south and called their

nation: nation: kingdom of Judahkingdom of Judah.. The capital of Judah was Jerusalem, and the people of The capital of Judah was Jerusalem, and the people of

Jerusalem were called Jews.Jerusalem were called Jews.

Focus CheckFocus Check

Why did David want to build a temple in Why did David want to build a temple in Jerusalem?Jerusalem?

David wanted the Israelites to have a David wanted the Israelites to have a permanent place for their sacred objects. permanent place for their sacred objects.

A Troubled TimeA Troubled Time

After creating the kingdoms of Israel and After creating the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, many Israelites forgot their religion.Judah, many Israelites forgot their religion. The prophets told the Israelites to return to The prophets told the Israelites to return to

GodGod’’s laws to create a just society.s laws to create a just society. The Assyrians conquered Israel and The Assyrians conquered Israel and

dispersed the 10 tribes throughout their dispersed the 10 tribes throughout their empire.empire. These Israelites lost their religion and were These Israelites lost their religion and were

often called the often called the ““lost tribes of Israellost tribes of Israel””..

Assyrian SamaritansAssyrian Samaritans

The Assyrians settled around The Assyrians settled around Samaria and were called Samaritans. Samaria and were called Samaritans.

The Samaritans thought God would be The Samaritans thought God would be angry with them for taking the Israelitesangry with them for taking the Israelites’’ land.land.

To appease God, they offered sacrifices and To appease God, they offered sacrifices and began following the Israelitesbegan following the Israelites’’ religion. religion.

The people of Judah believed that God only The people of Judah believed that God only accepted sacrifices from the temple at accepted sacrifices from the temple at Jerusalem.Jerusalem.

They believed they were GodThey believed they were God’’s only people.s only people.

ConqueredConquered The Egyptians conquered the kingdom of Judah in 620 The Egyptians conquered the kingdom of Judah in 620

B.C.B.C. The Chaldeans conquered Egypt and became rulers of The Chaldeans conquered Egypt and became rulers of

Judah in 605 B.C.Judah in 605 B.C. The Jews joined forces with the Egyptians to conquer the The Jews joined forces with the Egyptians to conquer the

Chaldeans.Chaldeans. King NebuchadnezzarKing Nebuchadnezzar and the Chaldeans captured and the Chaldeans captured

Jerusalem and punished the Jews.Jerusalem and punished the Jews. He sent 10,000 Jews to Babylon and appointed a new Jewish king.He sent 10,000 Jews to Babylon and appointed a new Jewish king.

In 586 B.C., the Jews revolted against the Chaldeans, and In 586 B.C., the Jews revolted against the Chaldeans, and the Chaldean ruler crushed Jerusalem.the Chaldean ruler crushed Jerusalem.

The Chaldeans took the king of Judah and thousands of Jews to The Chaldeans took the king of Judah and thousands of Jews to Babylon.Babylon.

This period is known as the Babylonian Captivity. This period is known as the Babylonian Captivity.

Discussion QuestionDiscussion Question

What message did the prophets bring to What message did the prophets bring to the Israelites?the Israelites?

The prophets warned the Israelites that The prophets warned the Israelites that being faithful to God was more than simply being faithful to God was more than simply going to temple to worship. going to temple to worship.

It meant working for a just society and It meant working for a just society and dealing fairly with other people. dealing fairly with other people.