The Kingdom of Egypt
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Transcript of The Kingdom of Egypt
C H A P T E R 3S E C T I O N 1
THE KINGDOM OF EGYPT
KEY TERMS
• Delta• Cataracts• Menes• Pharaoh• Theocracy
• Bureaucracy• Hatshepsut• Ramses the Great
GEOGRAPHY AND EARLY EGYPT
• Nile River• Flows through the
Sahara Desert• Flooded every year• Floods were
predictable• Left silt for farming
GEOGRAPHY AND EARLY EGYPT
• Delta-area at the mouth of a river , triangle shaped• Sahara difficult to
cross • Limited invaders• Cataracts-series of
rocks in the river, no boats
TWO KINGDOMS
• 5,000 BC farming villages• Lower Egypt the delta• Upper Egypt the
cataracts• Menes unified
kingdom 3100BC, first dynasty• Wore a crown red and
white
THE OLD KINGDOM
• Third Dynasty stable rule 2650BC• The Pyramids• Tombs for rulers• Treasures buried• Smooth sided built
later• Started as soon as
the became pharaoh
THE OLD KINGDOM
• Most pyramids built by peasants, not slaves• People required to
work for one month• Received food,
clothing and shelter• Crafts people were
hired
THE PHARAOHS
• Pharaoh- means great house• Had absolute power• Owned all the land• Their word was law• They were gods• Ceremonies for
everything• Theocracy-a state
ruled by religious figures
EGYPTIAN BUREAUCRACY
• A highly structured organization managed by officials• Acted on Pharaohs
wishes• Vizier- most
powerful official• Passed down
EGYPTIAN BUREAUCRACY
• Governors• Irrigation
supervisors• Census takers• Tax collectors• Crop inspectors
THE MIDDLE KINGDOM
• Powerful nobles came to power• Old Kingdom
collapsed• Middle Kingdom
increased trade• Phoenicians, Minoans,
Nubians• Armies secure trade
routes • Hyksos invaded
THE NEW KINGDOM
• Hyksos ruled for 100 years• Desert and sea no
longer protection• Built powerful military• Headed south to
Nubia• Conquered Kush• Controlled from
southern Nubia to Euphrates
REIGN OF HATSHEPSUT
• Was a female ruler• Increased trade• Only woman to be
Pharaoh• Huge trading
expeditions• Nephew destroyed
almost all record of her
MONOTHEISM IN EGYPT
• Amenhotep IV• Akhenaten to
worship only the sun god Aten• Banned worship of
other gods• Ordered god
images destroyed• King Tut restores
original worship
RAMSES THE GREAT
• Led army to confront the Hittites• Lost battle • Two armies sign a
truce• Married a Hittite
princess• Built more
monuments and temples• Most admired
EGYPT’S DECLINE
• Sea people’s invaded• Brought end to
Hittites and weakened Egypt• Egypt broke into
small states• Over 700 years
many rulers• Alexander the Great
conquers Egypt