The Kinetic Molecular Theory Movement in solids, liquids, and gases.
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Transcript of The Kinetic Molecular Theory Movement in solids, liquids, and gases.
![Page 1: The Kinetic Molecular Theory Movement in solids, liquids, and gases.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062301/56649f1a5503460f94c2fd34/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Kinetic Molecular
TheoryMovement in solids, liquids, and gases
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The theory of moving molecules!
• Describes the differences between gas, liquid, and solid states.
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Assumptions within the KMT
• 1. Gases are made of tiny particles that are far apart from each other.
• 2. Gas particles are in continuous, rapid, random motion
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More Assumptions• 3. There are no attractive forces between
molecules under normal conditions.• 4. Collisions between particles are elastic (no
energy is lost due to friction).
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Last Assumption• 5. Particles at the same temperature have the
same average kinetic energy.
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States of Matter: a review
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KMT & Changing State of Matter
• Gases- Attractions are insignificant
• Liquids- Attractions are more important, leading to a more ordered state
• Solids- Attractions are most important with a very ordered state!
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KMT & Changing State
• Involves adding or removing energy (changing temperature) or changing pressure.
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KMT & Changing States of Matter
• What happens, on a molecular level, when you add heat to a solid?o Molecules vibrate more rapidlyo Molecules “escape” to the liquid states and slide past each other.
• What happens when you boil/evaporate a liquid?o Molecules absorb more energy, move fastero Can break weak bonds that keep them liquid and “escape: into the gas
state.
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KMT and Changing State of Matter
• The opposite occurs when you cool a gas down until it becomes a liquid and then cool the liquid until it solidifies.
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What happens when we change pressure?
• Pressure – the force per unit area
• Volume- amount of space an object takes up• Temperature- average kinetic energy of the
particles• These 3 concepts are related to each other!
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Pressure, Volume, & Temperature
• What would happen to the pressure from the molecules in the balloon if I decreased the volume?
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Pressure & Volume• Decreasing the Volume would Increase the
Pressure
V P
• There is an inverse relationship between pressure and volume!
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Volume & Temperature
• What would happen to the balloon if I increased the temperature?
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Volume & Temperature
• Adding heat would increase the speed of the molecules, which increases the pressure inside the balloon, which increases the volume!
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