The joints of the bones of limbs

SHANDONG UNIVERSITY Liu Zhiyu

一、 The joint of upper limb

（一） The joints of shoulder girdle

1 、 Sternoclavicular Joint ：

Characteristic ：，articular disc

Articular disc

Composition: Sternal end of clavicle Clavicular notch of sternum

（一） The joints of shoulder girdle

Movements:

forwards and backwards (20-30°) elevation and depression (60°) circumduction

Composition:

3 、 Coracoacromial Ligament

Coracoacromial arch ：

Coracoacromial Ligament

2 、 Acromioclavicular Joint

acromion

coracoacromial lig.

coracoid process

Acromion

coracoid process

（二） The joints of free upper limb

1 、 Shoulder Joint

Glenoid cavity

Head of humorus

肱骨头

Characteristic ：

head of humerus

glenoid cavity of scapulaComposition ：

Accessory structures

1) Glenoid labrum :

2) Coracohumeral ligament

Movements: flexion and extention, adduction , abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction

2 、 Elbow Joint

① Humeroulnar joint ： formed by trochlear of humerus and troclear noch

② Humeroradial joint ： formed by capitulum of humerus and head of radius

③ Proximal radioulnar joint ：formed by articular circumference of radius and radial notch of ulna

Composition:

Character: ①capsule:

②ligament ： Radial collacteral ligament 、

Ulnar collacteral ligament 、

Annular ligament of radius

Annular ligamentof radius

Radial collacteral ligament

Ulnar collacteral ligament

Movements:

flexion and extension, pronation supination

3 、 Joints between radius and ulna

（ 1 ） Interosseous membrane of forearm （ 2 ） Proximal radioulnar joint

（ 3 ） Distal radioulnar joint

movement

Pronation supination

4 、 Joints of Hand（ 1 ） Radiocarpal Joint

Composion Articular fossa——Carpal articular surface of radius and articular disc below the ulna

Articular head——Proximal row of carpal: scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones, but not pisiform

Characteristic ： Capsule is lax and strengthened by surrounding ligament Movements ： flexion ， extension ， adduction ， abduction circumduction

4 、 Joints of Hand

（ 2 ） Intercarpal joints

（ 3 ） Carpometacarpal joints ：

Carpometacarpal joint of thum

Carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Composition: trapezium and base of first metacarpal

Movement: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and opposition

（ 4 ） Metacarpophalangeal joints

（ 5 ） Interphalangeal joints

二、 Joints of Lower limb

（一） The joints of pelvic girdle

1 、 Sacroiliac Joint ：Composition auricular surface of ilium

auricular surface of sacrum

（ 1 ） Sacrotuberous Ligament

（ 2 ） Sacrospinous Ligament

greater sciatic foramen lesser sciatic foramen

Sacrospinous Ligament

Sacrotuberous Ligament

greater sciatic foramen

lesser sciatic foramen

3 、 Pubic Symphysis 4 、 Obturator Membrane

interpubic disc

symphysial surface

interpubic disc

Composition:

5 、 Pelvis

• Composition:

paired hip bones

sacrum

coccyx

terminal line

• portions: greater pelvis lesser pelvis

Pelvic inlet

Pelvic outlet

lesser pelvis

tip of coccyx,

sacrotuberous ligament,

ischial tuberosity,

ramus of ischium,

inferior ramus of pubissymphys

is

promontory of sacrum, arcuate line,

pecten of pubis, pubic tubercle,

upper border of pubic symphysis

Terminal line ： formed by

LargerSmall Outlet

Shallower, wideDeep ， narrowPelvic cavity

Right angle (90~1000 )

Acute angle (70~750)

Subpubic angle

Round Oval or heart shapedInlet

Wide and short Narrow and longOverall

femaleMale

6. Main difference between male and femal pelvis

( 二） joints of free lower limb

1 、 Hip Joint

(1) Composition ：Acetabulum

femoral head

(2) Characteristic ：① acetabulum labrum ②

Articular capsule attachments:

③ ligaments ：

iliofemoral ligament

Ligament of head of femur

transverse acetebular ligament

Pubofemoral lig.

Ischiofemoral ligament

(3) movement ：

Flexion

Extention

Medial and lateral rotation

Circumdution

Addution

Abdution

2 、 Knee Joint

(1) Composition ：(2) Characteristic ： ① ligaments ：

patellar lig.

Fibular collateral lig.

TibiaL collateral lig

Cruciate lig. Of knee

anterior cruciate lig.

posterior cruciate lig.

2 、 Knee Joint

(2) Characteristic ：

② meniscus

medial meniscus ： C

Lateral meniscus ： O

③synovial membrane:Suprapatellar bursa

Alar folds

(3) movements ：

flexion 、 extention ，

3 、 joints between tibia and fibula

Tibiofibular joint

Crural interosseous membrane

Anterior and posterior tibiofibular lig.

4 、 Joints of Foot

（ 1 ） talocrural jiont （ Ankle Joint ）

Characteristic:

Movement : dorsiflexion Plantaflexion

Medial lig.Lateral lig.

Distal end of tibia and fibula

Trochlea of talus

Composition

Talus

tibia

fibula

（ 2 ） Intertarsal joint

Transverse tarsal joint

Movements:

inversion

eversion

Calcaneocuboid joint talocalcaneonavicular joint

（ 3 ） Tarsometatarsal joint

（ 4 ） Intermetatarsal joint

（ 5 ） Metatarsophalangeal joint

（ 6 ） Interphalangeal joint

5 、 Arch of foot ：

Medial longitudinal arch

Lateral longitudinal arch

transverse arch

pronationsupination

Interphalangeal joint

Tarsometatarsal joint

Metatarsophalangeal joint

Tibial collateral

ligament

Patellar ligament

Fibular Collateralligament

Anterior cruciate ligment •

Posterior cruciate ligament

Medial meniscus

lateral meniscus

Myology

Introduction

smooth muscle

cardiac muscle

skeletal muscle 

Muscles of head

Muscles of neck

Muscles of trunk

Muscles of upper limb

Muscles of lower loimb

 

Muscle Belly

Tendon

aponeurosis

Tendinous intersections

Structure:

Long muscle

Short muscle

Flate muscle

Orbicular muscle

Shape and structure of skeletal muscles

二 、 The origin , insertion and function

insertion

origin

（一） Fascia

Superficial fascia

Deep fascia

（二） Synovial Bursa

（三） Tendinous Sheath

Fibrous layer

Synovial layer mesotendon

Synovial cyst of wristSynovial cyst of wrist