The John H. Chafee Foster Care Independence Act of 1999.
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Transcript of The John H. Chafee Foster Care Independence Act of 1999.
The John H. Chafee Foster Care Independence Act of
1999
17th Annual Risky Business Conference
Des Moines, Iowa
Youth Transitioning from Foster Care to Independence
April 23, 2002
The Foster Care Independence Act of 1999
The Chafee Foster Care Independence Program:Strengthening the System’s Capacity to Help Young People
Make Healthy Transitions to Adulthood
What Does the FCIA Do? Increases funding from
$70 to 140 million/year Expands services to
former foster youth 18-21 years old.
Gives states the option to provide Medicaid to 18-21 yo former foster youth
Changes the state planning and application process.
Increases youth asset limit to $10,000.
Increases access to CIP services for Native American tribes.
Strong focus on collaboration, youth involvement, permanency, relationships with caring adults, and achievement of positive outcomes for youth served in CIP programs.
What Opportunities does the New Chafee Foster Care Independence Program Offer to States, Communities, and Other Stakeholders?
Strengthen the continuum of services and supports available to older foster youth.
Fill current gaps in services, especially for youth who have left the system.
Increase the pool of stakeholders committed to supporting young people in making successful transitions.
What Opportunities does the New Chafee Foster Care Independence Program Offer to States, Communities, and Other Stakeholders?
Engage young people as partners in strengthening the service system.
Increase child welfare focus on supporting positive development and successful outcomes for all youth in foster care.
Important Planning Issues Eligibility Level of services to youth who
have left care Use of CIP funds for room &
board - housing options In-kind match Medicaid Identifying stakeholders Developing 5-year plan Identifying resources
Implementing the Plan
Continuum, continuum, continuum!
Engage youth as partners; short term and long term.
Move away from classroom type instruction to learning by doing.
Identify housing options that allow for safe transitions.
Create & maintain partnerships.
Some Background…
2001 AFCARS - Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System
Estimated 1999 data regarding foster care and adoption in the U.S. - from 49 jurisdictions including Puerto Rico and D.C.
Available on-line at www.dhhs.gov
Background, cont’d 1999 estimates: 507,011 children,
youth and young adults in foster care Under 1 Yr 4% 23,396 1 thru 5 Yrs 25% 143,268 6 thru 10 Yrs 26% 150,574 11 thru 15 Yrs 28% 164,134 16 thru 18 Yrs 16% 90,293 19 + Yrs 2% 9,335
Where are they? Children, youth, and young adults in
care are in a range of placements:
Pre-Adoptive Home 4% 20,969 Foster Family Home (Relative) 26% 140,817 Foster Family Home (Non-Rel) 46% 252,326 Group Home 8% 42,096 Institution 10%
52,501 Supervised Ind Living 1% 4,597 Runaway 1% 7,038 Trial Home Visit 3% 14,307
Background 263,762 [45%] should be considered
as the gross eligible population for Chafee Services.
The 16+ group is almost 20%- close to 100,000 young people.
In 1998, states reported that 75,000 youth received IL services.
This estimate includes one-time services, such as conferences.
Chafee Program
The legislation requires that the Secretary of HHS, in consultation with key stakeholders, develop a set of outcomes and measures to assess state performance; list of 34 outcomes generated which involved six discussion groups with key stakeholders. List then provided to members of the Standing Workgroup for feedback
2000-2001: Development of the National Youth In Transition Information System (NYTIS)
Pilot of NYTIS
Evaluation & Outcomes
Traditionally neglected area of work. Challenges related to confidentiality,
ability to contact youth, resources. Need to focus on creative strategies
for follow up. Work with child welfare information
systems and non-CIP caseworkers to ensure follow up after emancipation, not after completion of CIP services.
Evaluation & Outcomes
Don’t forget relationships; this qualitative result may be the most important thing you do!
Coordinate with other data collection efforts, e.g. TANF, Workforce Investment Act, School-to-Work.
NYTIS - National Youth in Transition Information System - Six outcomes focus
1. Increased number of youth who have resources to meet their living expenses.
2. Increased number of youth who have a safe and stable place to live.
3. Increased number of youth who attain educational/voc goals
NYTIS - National Youth in Transition Information System - Six outcomes focus
4. Increased number of youth who have positive personal relationships with adults in the community.
5. Increased number of youth who avoid involvement with high risk behaviors
6. Increased percentage of youth who can access needed phy and mental health services.
Plan for collection of data
Current plans, not finalized Collect outcome data at discharge for
youth ages 14 and older Collect outcome data annually for youth
up to age 20 receiving IL services Collect youth characteristics and
services info at 6 mo. or yearly intervals
Proposed Outcomes/Measures
Outcome 1: Increase the Percent of Youth Who HaveResources to Meet Their Living Expenses 1.1 What % of youth currently employed, full/part time? 1.2 What % of youth held a job, apprenticeship,
internship for at least 3 consecutive months during the past 12 months?
1.3 What % of youth are currently relying on financial resources other than employment?
1.4 What % of youth currently have a bank or credit account?
Indicates measures relevant to outcomes specified in the Chafee Independence Act of 1999
Proposed Outcomes/MeasuresOutcome 2: Increase the Percent of Youth Who HaveA Safe and Stable Place to Live
2.1 What % of youth have been homeless at some point since discharge?
2.2 For youth who have been homeless, what was the duration of homelessness? (3 or fewer nights; more than 3 nights but less than 2 weeks; 2 weeks to a month, or more than one month)
Proposed Outcomes/Measures
Outcome 3: Increase the Percent of Youth Who AttainEducational (Academic and Vocational)
goals 3.1 What % of youth have received a hs
diploma, GED, AA/BA? 3.2 What % of youth have received a vocational
certificate or license? 3.3 What % of youth are currently enrolled in,
and attending hs, GED classes, or post hs vocational training or college?
Proposed Outcomes/Measures
Outcome 4: Increase the Percent of Youth Who Have a
Positive Relationships with Adults in Their Lives
4.1 What % of youth report that there is at least one adult in their lives they can go to for emotional support?
4.2 What % of youth report that there is at least one adult in their lives they can go to for job/school advice or guidance?
Proposed Outcomes/MeasuresOutcome 5: Increase the Percent of Youth Who Avoid HighRisk Behaviors 5.1 What % of youth were referred or self-referred
for alcohol or substance abuse assessment or counseling during the year?
5.2 What % of youth were incarcerated or detained in a jail, prison, or juvenile justice or community detention facility at some time during the past year?
5.3 What % of youth gave birth or fathered a child born during the past year?
5.4 For youth who gave birth or fathered a child born during the past year, what % were married to the child’s other parent?
Proposed Outcomes/Measures
Outcome 6: Increase the Percent of Youth Who Are Able to Access Needed Health Services 6.1 What % of youth have medical insurance? 6.2 What % of youth have insurance with mental health
benefits? 6.3 What % of youth have insurance with prescription
drug benefits? 6.4 What % of youth require on-going medication for
maintenance of physical or mental health? 6.5 For youth require on-going medication, what % are
able to access resources to continue receiving their medications?
Proposed Outcomes/Measures
Outcome 7: Increase the Percent of Youth Who
Have or Can Obtain Essential Documents
7.1 What % of youth received, or were given information on how to obtain, their birth certificates, social security cards, medical records, and educational records at the time of discharge?
Decisions About Outcome Assessments
Decisions to be made in two key areas: Initial Outcome Assessment Follow-up Outcome Assessments
Options: Conduct initial assessment at point of discharge for
all youth in foster care age 16 and older Conduct the initial assessment on all youth in foster
care near the time of their 17th birthday, for those youth who were in foster care for at least six months
Option 2 seems preferable
Other Important Issues for Adolescents in Out-of-Home
Care
Youth Permanency AFSA did not specifically speak to adolescent
permanency Chafee was seen as legislation to specifically
address youth issues Both missed opportunities to highlight Youth
Permanency Issues Independent Living is not the enemy of Youth
Permanency Although IL is a service not a permanency plan,
all youth need an Independent Living Plans IL and Youth Permanency need to be seen as
concurrent plans for all adolescents
Youth Permanency con’t All youth need permanent, connections with caring
adults Concurrently, as youth are being prepared for self-
sufficiency, workers should also explore an array of permanency options; i.e., adoption, mentoring relationships, self-sufficiency, development of fictive kinship networks of mutual support and the like.
Youth permanency can be achieved in many ways, but adoption and the development of specific families for adolescents should also be investigated as permanency options
NRCFCPP is committed to focusing attention, resources, and time on exploring the continuum of youth permanency options and strategies
Independent Living Issues
Initial IL Assessments; Semi-Annual Assessments; Discharge Assessments; After-Care Assessments
IL Curriculums – Life Skills Formal verses Informal Training Tangible and Intangible Skills Relationship Building After Care Services
IL Program Types Relative Care Homes Family Foster Homes Agency Operated Boarding Homes – AOBH Community Based Group Homes Group Residences Supervised Independent Living Programs –
SILPs Transitional Living Programs – TLPs Residential Treatment Centers
What are the Outcomes We Want for Young People?
Success in youth programs, school, and work
Happiness; a sense of fulfillment
Strong relationships Self-awareness Health Self-sufficiency Are there others you
would add?
How do Youth Workers Support Positive Youth Development?
Provide a balance of challenge and support
Have strong self-awareness
Focus on youth’s strengths and capacity
Help youth build bridges to the community
Youth workers...
What are Some of the Systemic Challenges to Successful
Outcomes for Youth in Foster Care?
The child welfare system can foster dependency in children and youth
System often focuses on problems and perceived deficits of clients (and families)
Youth are often worked with apart from family and community contexts
Youth workers can get caught up in a culture of control
What is a Culture of Control and why is it a Problem?
Focus of problems is client issues apart from contexts and relationships
Quick fix mentality of more rules/more restrictions
More problems lead to personalization of issues by staff, which leads to more problems…..
What Impact Does a Culture of Control Have on Youth
Workers?
Frustration toward program and youth
Increased attention to information/data/ points/rules, and less attention to youth
Burnout from over-personalization
High turnover rates Inability to access
youth potential
What Impact Does a Culture of Control Have on Young
People? Learned
helplessness Manipulation/
acting out Increased ability to
push staff buttons Decreased ability to
look at self instead of system
Reflect on Program Challenges
What is the role of staff in creating and perpetuating barriers to program and youth success?
Does individual training and supervision address the need to understand the youth worker’s role in staff/client relationships?
Is equal time spent on strengthening youth worker’s self-awareness and personal growth skills, in comparison to client supervision and administration?
The Youth Worker’s SystemThe Youth Worker’s System*Chart does not reflect a *Chart does not reflect a hierarchal hierarchal or infl uentialor infl uentialrelationship among component members: I t simplyrelationship among component members: I t simplyreflects current examination of youth worker’s rolereflects current examination of youth worker’s role
Group SupervisionGroup Skills Training
Team MeetingsStaffing of C lients
Youth W orkers as Group"The Team "
Skill Based TrainingProgram Design
Program SupervisionClient Interaction
Youth in Program"Clients"
"Participants""Consum ers"
Orientation/SupervisionEvaluation
Com m unity RelationsAdm inistration
The OrganizationMission
Com m unityManagem ent
IndividualYouth
W orker
Self-AwarenessClinical Supervision
Personal learningExperience
How Do We Promote Systemic Culture Change for Youth Workers
and Youth Programs?
Organizations must:
Adopt a strengths-based, or positive youth development- focused mission
Promote accountability to the mission through supervision and evaluation
Managers/ supervisors must:
Provide training and supervision that support a youth development approach
Model a strengths-based approach to work with staff
Emphasize self-awareness and personal growth
How Do We Promote Systemic Culture Change for Youth Workers
and Youth Programs?
Program Design must:
Provide opportunity for youth participation
Hold youth and staff accountable for active youth participation
Avoid reliance on behavior management
Youth Workers must:
Invest time and effort in personal growth and self-awareness
Model a strengths-based approach in work with peers
Connect youth to the community and identified family
Reflect on Walking the Positive Youth Development
Talk Addressing the culture of control is
one way to increase youth workers’ ability to promote youth development.
Are there other systemic barriers to successful program and youth outcomes?
Are there characteristics of the system that make it easier to promote positive youth development? What are they?
What is one change you could make today to help you work with youth?
Conclusions
“Young people may forget what you say and do, but they will never forget how you made them feel.”
Dr. Michael Carrera
NRCFCPPGerald P. Mallon, DSW, Director
The National Resource Center for Foster Care and Permanency Planning
Hunter College School of Social Work129 East 79th Street
New York, New York 10021(212) 452-7043 – Phone
(212) 452-7051 - Fax
[email protected]/socwork/nrcfcpp