The Jerusalem Mosaic: A Delicate Balance. Meir Kraus at UCLA's convention: "Israel in 3D"
-
Upload
the-jerusalem-institute-for-israel-studies -
Category
Government & Nonprofit
-
view
65 -
download
0
Transcript of The Jerusalem Mosaic: A Delicate Balance. Meir Kraus at UCLA's convention: "Israel in 3D"
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
May, 2015
Meir KrausJerusalem Institutefor Israel Studies
Jerusalem A Mosaic of Communities
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
3
Society and DemographyKey Population Figures
• Total: 830,000(10% of Israel's population)
– Thereof:63% Jews (522,000)37% Arabs (308,000)
– Ultra-orthodox Jews: 39% (205,000) of the Jewish population
• Largest City in Israel
• Largest Arab community
• Largest Ultra orthodox
community
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
4
Wheredo the Communities Live?
• Arab population – mainly East Jerusalem
• Jewish population – West Jerusalem and satellite neighborhoods– Ultra-orthodox – mainly
north
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
5
Society and Demography Population Projection
1967 2013 2020
Jews 74% 63% 59%
Arabs 26% 37% 41%
• Changing population balance
within mosaic
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
6
Society and Demography Household Size
Household Size
Jews Arabs
Israel 3.1 4.8
Jerusalem 3.3 5.7
• Ultra-orthodox HH size
Jerusalem: 4.9
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
7
0-14
65+
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
Age Groups in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv
Jerusalem
Tel Aviv
Percent of population
Ag
e g
rou
p
Society and Demography Diversity in Age Structure
Median Age – Jerusalem• Arabs: 20.2• Ultra-orthodox: 18.2• Secular and Religious: 30.3
0-14
65+
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
18%
15%
34%
9%
Age Groups in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv
Jerusalem
Tel Aviv
Percent of population
Ag
e g
rou
p
Median Age• Jerusalem: 23.7• Tel Aviv: 35.2
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
8
Society and Demography Students in the Jerusalem Education System 2014/15
• Total – 266,700 students in system
• 1/3 of the city's residents
• Size enables diversity. Schools include: Jewish-Arab; Religious-secular; Science & art; Democratic; Waldorf; and many more
State and
State-Reli-gious Educa-
tion88,600(26%)
Ultra-Orthodox Ed-ucation92,700(38%)
Arab Educa-
tion84,200(36%)
• The education system
in Jerusalem is approx. 4 times
larger then the one in Tel Aviv
• It is larger than the entire
population of the 4th largest city in
the country (Rishon Lezion)
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
9
Society and Demography Trends in Education
• Growing UO and Arab systems
• State &state religious - stable
• Balance is unstable
• Changes are rapid
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
Students in The Municipal Education Systemin Jerusalem by Sector, 2000-2014
Ultra-or-thodox
Arab
State andState-religious
Students
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
Students in the Municipal Education Systemin Jerusalem by Sector, 2000-2014
Ultra-or-thodox
Arab
State andState-religious
Stud
ents
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
10
Society and Demography Migration
• Many newcomers over the
years – Jerusalem is a
preferred destination for Olim
from the West
• All Jewish population groups
are migrating in and out
JLM
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
11
EconomyParticipation in Labor Force by Population Group
MenWomenMenWomenMenWomenGeneralUO
JewsArabs
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
79%
69%
52%
72%74%
34%
Population Aged 20+ in Jerusalem, by Par-ticipation in Labor Force
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
12
Jews Arabs
27%
76%
14%
52%
Poverty Rate (Persons), by Population Group
Jerusalem
Israel
EconomyPoverty Rate
• Ultra-orthodox – 57%
Jews Arabs
27%
76%
14%
52%
Poverty Rate (Persons), by Population Group
Jerusalem
Israel
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
13
The Jerusalem Mainstream
Separate
communities Socio-economic
differences
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
14
Society and Demography Diversity in Religiousness
Israel
Jerusalem
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
10%
2%
22%
26%
60%
63%
8%
9%
Muslim Population Aged 20 and overin Israel and in Jerusalem, 2011-2013
Non-religious Loosely religiously observant
Religiously observant Very religiously observant
Percent of population aged 20 and over
Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies www.jiis.org
15
ChallengesFacing the Different Communities
Arab popula-
tion:
Gap nar-
rowing
General Jewish
population:
Maintaining an attrac-
tive Jerusalem
Affordable housing
Job opportunities
UO population:
Affordable housing
Employment
Higher education