The Islamic The Islamic WorldWorldSection 1 – The Roots of IslamSection 2 – Islamic Beliefs and PracticesSection 3 – Islamic EmpiresSection 4 – Cultural Achievements

Chapter 12

Section FocusSection Focus The Arabian Peninsula is located

between Africa and Asia.

Harsh climate and rugged physical features fragmented the people.

People began to trade in caravans for survival.

Life changed forever because of one merchant.

A New ReligionA New Religion Muhammad was born in

Mecca into a rich family.

Learned trade business and began own caravans.

While traveling Muhammad saw the misery of the poor.

Seeking guidance he went to meditate.

A New ReligionA New Religion Was visited by angel Gabriel and

became a prophet of Allah (God).

Messages from angel became the basis for Islam.

“Islam” means to give oneself to god.

Began Muslim religion.

Islam Spreads in Islam Spreads in ArabiaArabia

Islam was not accepted at first.

Islam worried leaders and rich of Mecca.

Many poor accepted Islam and caused fighting.

Eventually all were “forced” to accept Islamic teachings.

The Quaran (Koran)The Quaran (Koran) The Quran is the book of

Muslim scripture.

Believed to be the words of God and to be followed exactly.

Guide on how to live and gives advice on daily issues.

The 5 Pillars of The 5 Pillars of FaithFaith

All Muslims who fulfill the “five duties” will go to paradise when they die.

Those who do not, will suffer.

The first duty - confession of faith“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his

prophet.”

The second duty - Muslims must pray five times a day, facing Mecca

The 5 Pillars of The 5 Pillars of FaithFaith

The third duty - give to charity

The fourth duty - fast during the daylight hours of the holy month (Ramadan)

The 5 Pillars of The 5 Pillars of FaithFaith

The fifth duty – make a pilgrimage at least once in lifetime to the city of Mecca

The Arabic EmpireThe Arabic Empire Islamic missionaries brought

Islam into Persia, Palestine, Iraq, Egypt, Spain, and North Africa.

Wanted to end tyranny and oppression.

Warriors fought for Allah to promote order and civilization.

The Arabic The Arabic EmpireEmpire

The Arabic The Arabic EmpireEmpire

Arabs contributed much to the world such as: Chemistry Astronomy Algebra Pharmacy Literature Art Geography

The Arabic The Arabic EmpireEmpire

Islam spread as far as Indonesia and Spain.

Violence in Islam comes from controversy over leadership.

Because of far reaching empires, Islam has impacted most of the world.

Islam is the second largest religion in the world, and continues to grow.

HOW DID THE TEACHINGS OF ISLAM IMPACT THE WORLD?

ISLAMIC BELIEFS AND PRACTICES

LEARNING TARGET & SECTION FOCUS

Learning Target

I can describe the Five Pillars of Islam and its democratic principles.

Section Focus

The Qur’an guides Muslims’ live

The Sunnah tells Muslims of important duties expected of them.

Islamic law is based on the Qur’an and the Sunnah.

THE QUR’AN

Consider the Qur’an to be the exact word of God as it was told to Muhammad.

Beliefs: Only one God – AllahMuhammad is his prophetPeople must obey Allah’s commands

They learned of these commands from Muhammad.

Islam teaches that the world had definite beginning and will end one day.On the final day God will judge all people.The people that have obeyed his orders will be granted life in

paradise.The people that have not obeyed God will suffer

QUR’AN (KORAN)

Guidelines for BehaviorDescribes acts of worship

How to prepare for worship.Muslims must wash themselves before praying

to be pure before Allah.Not allowed to eat pork or drink alcohol

Guidelines for moral behaviorRules for social life

Muslims look to the Qur’an for guidance in their daily lives.

It encourages Muslims to free slaves

QUR’AN (KORAN)

Women in Arabia had few rightsThe Qur'an describes rights of women

Own propertyEarn moneyGet an educationThey still have few rights than men

Additional subject in the Qur’anThe jihad (to make an effort, or to struggle) “ Been

translated as “holy war” Jihad refers to inner struggle people have in their

efforts to obey God.Behave according to Islamic ways

Jihad can also mean the struggle to defend the Muslim community or to convert people to Islam.

THE SUNNAH

An additional source of Islamic teachings.Muslims study the hadith also

A written record of Muhammad's words and actions. record is basis for Sunnah (Muslim’s Behavior guide)

Sunnah – refers to the way Muhammad livedModel for dutiesThe way of life expected of Muslims.Rules about how to treat others

The Sunnah describes the 5 Pillars of IslamProvides guidelines for relations in business

and governmentBad to owe someone moneyPeople should obey their leaders

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM

All Muslims who fulfill the “five duties” will go to paradise when they die.

Those who do not, will suffer.

The first duty - confession of faith“There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.”

The second duty - Muslims must pray five times a day, facing Mecca

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM

The third duty - give to charity

The fourth duty - fast during the daylight hours of the holy month (Ramadan)

The fifth duty – make a pilgrimage at least once in lifetime to the city of Mecca

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM

ISLAMIC LAWS

Qur’an and Sunnah are important guides for Muslims should live.Form the basis of Islamic Law (Shariah)

Shariah – is a system based on Islamic sources and human reason that judges the rightness of actions an individual or community might take.

Actions Scale rangeAccepted to disapproved to forbiddenNo distinction between religious beliefs and daily live.Affects all aspects of Muslims’ lives. Rewards good behavior & punishment for crimesDescribes limits of authority.