The Invincibles(Team 3) White Paper

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    2010Green Purdue

    The Invincibles

    Mohamed El Malik

    David Harbaugh

    Jennifer Cheaney

    7/23/2010

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    Contents

    Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 4

    Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 5

    What has Purdue University done to be green from past to present? ...................................................... 5

    Purdues Aquatic Impact ...................................................................................................................... 5

    Purdues Energy Management............................................................................................................. 6

    Purdues Waste & Recycling ................................................................................................................ 6

    Green Buildings ................................................................................................................................... 7

    Education & Research .......................................................................................................................... 8

    How is Purdue Planning to be Green in the Future? ................................................................................. 8

    BoilerRide ............................................................................................................................................ 9

    Eco-Friendly Education ........................................................................................................................ 9

    University Vehicles .............................................................................................................................. 9

    What are other public universities of comparable size and endowment doing to be green? .................. 10

    Americas Greenest Universities ........................................................................................................ 10

    What specifics actually make those universities successful in going green? ........................................ 10

    The University of Washington ............................................................................................................ 11

    Renewable Energy ......................................................................................................................... 11

    Transportation ............................................................................................................................... 11

    Green Building ............................................................................................................................... 11

    Efficiency and Conservation ........................................................................................................... 11

    The University of Colorado ................................................................................................................ 12

    Energy Consumption ...................................................................................................................... 12

    Food and Recycling Programs ........................................................................................................ 12

    Green Buildings ............................................................................................................................. 12

    Transportation ............................................................................................................................... 13

    Student involvement and employment .......................................................................................... 13

    New York University .......................................................................................................................... 13

    Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................. 14

    The Interview with Professor Hawks ...................................................................................................... 14

    Mohamed: Can you please give us an introduction about yourself? ......................... .......................... 15

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    Mohamed: How is this building (The M.E extension wing) different from the other buildings on

    campus? What makes it LEED certified?............................................................................................. 15

    Mohamed: How different is the cost is the cost of this building, as opposed to if the building was not

    build to become LEED certified? ........................................................................................................ 16

    Mohamed: Wouldnt it have been better if that much money went to serve a better cause? Are yousure that this is the right thing to do? ................................................................................................ 16

    Mohamed: Do you think that Purdue in general is doing enough to become environmentally friendly?

    .......................................................................................................................................................... 16

    Mohamed: Do you know any specific examples about future construction projects at Purdue that will

    be LEED certified? .............................................................................................................................. 16

    Mohamed: Do you think is doing better or worse than the other Big Ten universities? ...................... 17

    References ............................................................................................................................................ 17

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    Introduction

    In todays world going green is a big thing, whether its because of a moral obligation to the

    environment, because shareholders view it as necessary, or just because it can save money in the

    long run. Many businesses and organizations have followed the trend to make things moreenergy efficient, less wasteful, and more environmentally friendly and Purdue University is no

    exception. For a long time Purdue has promoted recycling and better waste management but in

    recent years there has been a big push to go green by being even more environmental and

    energy conscious. Purdue University has done a number of things to be more green and has

    plans to become more green in the future. Purdue isnt the only university trying to add a little

    green to their school colors, the University of Washington, the University of Colorado, and New

    York University are all schools of similar size and endowment that have also done things to

    become greener.

    What has Purdue University done to be green from past to present?

    Purdues Aquatic Impact

    Purdue University has done many things to reduce its impact on the aquatic environment. They

    have installed porous asphalt at the Horticulture service drive. Porous asphalt allows storm

    water to be filtered and slowly returned to the soil

    therefore cleaning it along the way. The filtration reduces

    the amount of suspended solids, metals, oil, and greaseabsorbed into the groundwater. An additional benefit to

    this pavement is the reduction of storm sewer strain by

    returning rainwater to water tables and aquifers ("Porous

    Asphalt"). Another technique Purdue is using to filter

    and control storm runoff is the installation of bioswales

    near Pao and Mann Halls. Bioswales are storm runoff

    conveyance systems that provide an alternative to storm

    sewers, according to the United States Department of

    Agriculture ("Biswale"). Plants as well as rocks or sand

    make up the main body of a bioswales. The rocks or sand, as well as the roots of the plants help

    to absorb storm runoff as well as filter it before returning it to the ground water.

    Figure 1: Porous Asphalt

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    Purdues Energy Management

    Purdue has attempted to reduce its energy

    impact on the environment by retro-commissioning Pierce, Beering and Stone

    Halls. Retro-commissioning means fine

    tuning the utilities and other mechanical

    systems in a building to better reflect its usage

    ("Purdue University Sustainability"). An

    example of this would be carbon dioxide

    detectors and motion sensors installed in

    restrooms and lecture halls to detect the

    presence of people. If the room is not being used the system dims or shuts off the lights and the

    air is not circulated as frequently. The university also purchases approximately 2% of its energyfrom Benton County wind production. Purdue is also currently working on a utility metering

    project which may help further reduce its energy consumption.

    Purdues Waste & Recycling

    The institution has adopted numerous ways to reduce the amount of negative impact its waste

    has on the environment. The campus elevators use a soy-based hydraulic oil instead of a

    petroleum based one. In an effort to reduce emissions, switchgrass is used in the boilers instead

    of coal. An experimental gasifier is being used to collect the methane given off by the foodwaste from residence halls and dining courts in an attempt to reduce the amount delivered to a

    landfill and also to harness the gas for other purposes ("Purdue University Sustainability").

    Another thing being done to reduce the amount of waste going to landfills is the recent push for

    more recycling on campus. Many recycling bins have been placed around campus and some

    trash cans have been removed in an attempt to prompt students to recycle. Recycling bins have

    replaced office trash cans to encourage faculty and staff to recycle as well. All of the residence

    halls have containers for recyclables so students living there can easily recycle their trash. The

    Purdue Memorial Union uses green cleaning chemicals and has recently installed new flooring

    that does not require harsh chemicals to maintain ("Purdue University Sustainability"). TheHousing and Food Services sells refillable bottles to customers and further reduces waste by

    supplying students and staff with 100% recycled fiber napkins ("Purdue University

    Sustainability"). The animal bedding and manure from the Veterinary Hospital, as well as leaves

    and old mulch from around campus, have been used to create a compost. That compost can then

    be used to fertilize plants around campus or in the green houses further reducing the need for

    mulch.

    Figure2: Purdues Beering Hall

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    Student programs like Boiler Green Initiative promote

    recycling by collecting recyclable waste after football and

    basketball games as well as by organizing programs like

    Recyclemania during the academic year. Recyclemania

    is a ten week long competition in which people from

    different universities around the country try to collect the

    most recyclables by actually collecting them but also by

    promoting recycling around campus. The grounds

    department is in charge of weighing the recyclables collected to determine who wins the

    competition.

    Green Buildings

    In a recent endeavor, Purdue is building its

    first green building. The building will be

    part of the Mechanical Engineering

    Building and will meet LEED (Leadership

    in Energy and Environmental Design)

    certification. Some of the ideas being

    considered for the building are: roofing

    supplies with a high solar reflectance index,

    plumbing fixtures that use less treated

    water, construction materials with recycled

    content, carpet that is green label plus rated,

    wood products certified by the Forest

    Stewardship Council, and paints and sealants

    with low volatile-organic-chemical ratings (which reduce indoor air pollution and improve air

    quality) ("Purdue University Sustainability"). Professor Keith Hawks is in charge of all College

    of Engineering construction projects and has 50 years experience as a faculty member. He says

    that the ME extension project will be LEED Gold certified and that all future Purdue

    construction projects will be LEED certified. These LEED additions to campus will help Purdue

    maintain a green outlook into the future (Hawks, Keith).

    Another green addition to a building came in the form of a rooftop garden. A flat portion of

    the Schleman Hall roof was transformed into a small park with many new plants and a few tables

    to enjoy them from. Some of the benefits of having plants on the roof are greater energy

    efficiency, reduced storm runoff, and an extended life for the roof itself by protecting it from the

    worst of the elements. The Boiler Green Initiative was granted money from State Farm Insurance

    for this project and hopes to be able to do this to other buildings around campus.

    Figure 3: Recyclemania poster

    Figure 4: The new Mechanical Engineering wing

    in current form

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    Education & Research

    Purdue has a number of educational and research programs in place to deal with issues of

    campus sustainability, and the campus and

    national/global environments. Some of theactive research projects include Purdues

    Climate Change Research Center and the

    Vulcan project. Some of the educational

    programs include Indiana WIRED and

    Purdue Student Pugwash Midwest Regional

    Conference ("Purdue University

    Sustainability"). There are many other

    centers and groups at Purdue that focus their

    research on sustainability. Some of these

    include: Purdue Interdisciplinary Center for

    Ecological Sustainability (PICES), Energy

    Center at Discovery Park, Global Sustainable Industrial Systems (GSIS), Solar Energy Research

    Group, and Purdue Clean Manufacturing Technology Institute.

    The school also employs five LEED accredited professionals on the staff of the Physical

    Facilities, which shows that the energy and environmental issues are taken seriously by the

    administration. In 2007 the national average carbon footprint was 6 carbon metric tons per

    capita. At 3.6 metric tons per capita, Purdues carbon footprint was more than one-third less

    than the national average for that year.

    How is Purdue Planning to be Green in the Future?

    In the future, Purdue looks to improve the greenness of the university through research, student

    involvement, and more environmentally conscious decision-making. The universitys

    sustainability strategic plan includes goals such as making the best use of available resources,

    expanding recycling programs around campus, increasing eco-friendly education, and other

    activities that would encourage student involvement to make the university more green. While

    the success of some future programs depend mostly on the environmental consciousness of the

    students, Purdue is also taking steps to make the university more environmentally friendly

    through its own choices.

    An example of the universitys strive to make the best use of available resources is a project

    being performed by the school of Horticulture in which the energy from the hot water used to

    cool boilers is piped through a tunnel system that would allow food producers in the Midwest to

    Figure5: Man Hall, the home ofPurdues

    Climate Change Research cCenter

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    grow year round. Before this project, the heat energy from the boilers was simply released into

    the atmosphere, now it is being put to use.

    BoilerRidePurdue plans to encourage carpooling to campus with its BoilerRide program. BoilerRide is set

    up through GreenRide, a web-based carpool-matching program that can also be used for events

    and trips. To access BoilerRide, students follow a link on

    http://www.purdue.edu/transportation/boilerride.htm,

    which leads to a login. After inputting university

    logon information, students are taken to a website

    powered by GreenRide made specifically for Purdue

    students. The website stores addresses, and matches

    students with each other who are could potentially

    carpool together. This program is set up to promotesustainability through the use of alternative transportation. Carpooling reduces carbon emissions

    and pollution from vehicles by reducing the number of vehicles on the road. Not only does the

    environment benefit from carpooling but the program could also solve parking issues as well as

    decrease campus congestion.

    Eco-Friendly Education

    The university is not only working to make itself more environmentally friendly, but also

    educate others on ways to lessen their carbon footprints. Purdue is showing its commitment tohelping students as well as the community make eco-conscious decisions by providing

    information about various types of renewable energy and how they can be used instead of fossil

    fuels. Educating people on the use of renewable resources can be compared to the proverb Give

    a man a fish and feed him for a day, teach a man to fish and feed him for a lifetime. By

    providing education to the masses, the university is, in effect, reducing a footprint much larger

    than its own. In the future, Purdue plans to expand its educational efforts, and provide more

    people with knowledge that can help them make more eco-conscious decisions.

    University Vehicles

    Purdue itself is choosing to make decisions that can

    help improve the quality of the environment. By mid-

    2012, Purdue Transportation Service hopes to have its

    fleet comprised of 60% hybrid and 40% flex-fuel

    vehicles. Transportation Service is the department that

    Figure6: Boiler Ride Poster

    Figure 7: A Purdue university vehicle

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    rents out university vehicles. In 2007, its rental cars were driven more than 3.8 million miles and

    had more than 50,000 rental days charged. If the department can reach its goal of 60% hybrid

    vehicles, emissions can be greatly reduced, and, probably more importantly in the universitys

    eyes, more money can be saved from reduced fuel costs.

    In addition to these programs, the university also plans to start using beet juice extract to de-iceroads in the winter, and to increase the number of recycling bins around campus. Plans to

    implement organic turf management, expand the university using green building practices, and

    use more alternative sources of energy on campus also show Purdues commitment to making

    the university a more environmentally friendly place to live, work, and study.

    What are other public universities of comparable size and endowment

    doing to be green?

    Americas Greenest Universities

    Some extensive research on some of Americas greenest universities has been done, and

    through websites like Forbes and the Green Economy Post, it was found that 3 of these

    Universities are of special interest to our team since they have similar attributes to Purdue

    University. Those universities are the University of Washington, New York University and the

    University of Colorado at Boulder.

    The University of Washington is the most similar of the three universities to Purdue University

    (similar endowment, size, type of school (public), etc), yet it has implemented policies that make

    it more committed to Carbon neutrality than Purdue and has made sure that 100% of its

    electricity comes from renewable sources. The University of Colorado at Boulder is also another

    public school committed to being environmentally friendly. The schools size is similar to

    Purdues but has a much smaller endowment, yet, the university was able to implement much

    better going green policies than Purdue. New York University is a private school that has a

    larger endowment than Purdue; however, its student body is almost proportionately larger. The

    EPA listed New York Universitys campus as the number 1 purchaser of green energy among

    Americas campuses. Such an honor makes this university hard to ignore while searching foranswers to why other universities have been more successful than Purdue in becoming greener.

    What specifics actually make those universities successful in going

    green?

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    The University of Washington

    Renewable Energy

    The University of Washington (UW) at Seattle purchases100% renewable electricity from Seattle City Light (SCL).

    About 94% of the SCL power portfolio is hydro based.

    Since 2006, the University of Washington at Seattle has

    been a Gold Level participant in the SCL Green Up

    Program. Through the Green Up program, the University of

    Washington purchases new green power equivalent to the

    remaining 6% of the SCL power portfolio, making

    electricity purchased for the Seattle campus 100%

    renewable. There are also two photo voltaic installations on

    campus, a smaller one the Mechanical Engineering building and a larger 7.5 kW installation onMerrill Hall which provides over 10% of the buildings needs.

    Transportation

    The University of Washington is the home of the first UPass program in the US providing

    subsidized bus passes to all full-time students. The UW Commuter Caf, another one of the

    universitys going green transportation programs, provides information on alternative

    transportation including commuter information on bicycling, buses, ferries and car sharing. Ride

    in the Rain is an inter-campus competition held for four weeks every winter to encourage bicyclecommutingeven in the rain. Most importantly, The University of Washingtons fleet includes

    several all electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and alternative fuel vehicles designed for bio fuels.

    Additionally, the UW is initiating an internal flexcar program for UW Departments.

    Green Building

    The University of Washington boasts an incredible LEED building program (LEED is an

    internationally recognized green building standard) with one Gold, two Silver, one certified

    building completed and over ten other projects currently in various stages of the building

    delivery process. To keep up their green building reputation The University of Washington has

    employed over 50 LEED Accredited Professionals on campus primarily on the operational side.

    Efficiency and Conservation

    The University of Washingtons Conservation Project Development Team has been involved in

    energy retrofits and water conservation efforts. From 1996 through 2007 the University of

    Figure 8: University of Washington Logo

    http://www.seattle.gov/light/green/greenpower/greenup.asphttp://www.washington.edu/commuterservices/http://www.washington.edu/commuterservices/riderain/http://www.washington.edu/commuterservices/riderain/http://nwgreencampus.org/green-buildings/what-is-leed-certificationhttp://nwgreencampus.org/green-buildings/what-is-leed-certificationhttp://www.washington.edu/commuterservices/riderain/http://www.washington.edu/commuterservices/riderain/http://www.washington.edu/commuterservices/http://www.seattle.gov/light/green/greenpower/greenup.asp
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    Washingtons Seattle Campus has avoided $58 million in utility costs through its conservation

    efforts and programs. Also, the University of Washingtons water use has decreased over 30%

    since 2000 while the University of Washingtons size

    has grown by 40%.

    The University of Colorado

    Energy Consumption

    The university of Colorado is aiming for a 20 percent

    reduction in energy consumption from 20052006

    levels by the 20112012 academic year. Among

    multiple conservation campaigns, the Buff Energy Star

    program is a comprehensive competition among all

    campus buildings and building proctors to save energy

    and reduce waste. The university is currently working

    on a 1.5 megawatt solar array. Since 2000, about 10 percent of campus electricity consumption

    has been offset by wind energy credits and, recently, from local offsets.

    Food and Recycling Programs

    All incoming residents to the University of Colorado are given a reusable shopping bag for use in

    Grab-n-Go and retail dining locations, and an EcoMug program offers discounts to students.The university buys from five to eight local producers, including a ground beef and dairy

    supplier, to provide fresher and more organic food to the students, reduce transportation costs,

    and indirectly decrease emissions.

    Green Buildings

    The University of Colorados campus design standards are set relatively high; they mandate that

    all new buildings and major renovations meet LEED Gold standards. There are currently four

    LEED-certified buildings on campus and three new buildings are LEED Gold-certified.

    Figure9: University of Colorado logo

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    Transportation

    Since 1991, the university community has ridden for free on local/regional public transportation.

    The use of alternative transportation is encouraged through a car-sharing program, a ride board, a

    carpool network, and a bike rental program.

    Student involvement and employment

    The Environmental Center employs more than 60 students. Eco-Leaders serve in each residence

    hall and the Green Teams program educates off-campus students. There are numerous

    sustainability-related student organizations, and a residence hall competition encourages students

    to conserve energy.

    New York University

    It was interesting to find a website displaying

    what, at a first glance, looks like a White paper

    describing how New York University (NYU) is

    aiming to become green (its interesting since this

    is a white paper talking about how Purdue is

    becoming green). The title of the report is the

    Climate action Plan and is structured around

    four major emissions reduction strategies which

    are reducing energy intensity, generating and

    using cleaner energy, generate renewable energy,

    and reducing or offsetting remaining emissions.

    In addition to the Climate Action Plan the University has done all of the following in the aim of

    becoming greener:

    The Sustainability Task Force, which is responsible for initiating the Climate Action

    Plan, has a long list of other successful projects including wind power purchases, nativelandscaping, tracking water consumption, conservation contests in the residence halls and

    composting biodegradable waste in the dining hall.

    Green Grants are awarded each year to fund the best project ideas that improve

    sustainability on campus, engage the community and advance applied research and

    educational goals. Some of the projects that were funded this year include a year-end

    Figure10: New York University Logo

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    residence hall recycling drive, a residential energy challenge, a veggie-powered vehicle

    project and a lighting efficiency project.

    NYU is also a member of New York Citys PlaNYC, which commits them to reducing

    greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent over the next ten yearsalthough, NYU expects

    to meet that goal much sooner than that.

    All new construction at New York University will meet LEED silver standards, joining

    the universitys first LEED certified building, Gallatin Hall.

    The Bike to School project, provide bicycles for students to get around campus, and saves

    old bicycles from heading to the landfill. Volunteer mechanics at a nearby environmental

    organization rejuvenate abandoned bikes using new parts purchased with the grant

    money. NYU also recently announced funding for a bike-sharing initiative.

    Conclusion/Summary

    Purdue University has done many things to become more green in recent years, from an

    increased push for recycling, better water and land management, to building its first LEED gold

    certified building. Purdue also has many green plans for the future such as a carpooling program

    called BoilerRide, a plan to make campus vehicles more environmentally friendly and less

    dependent on non-renewable fuel sources, and plans to make every future construction project

    LEED certified.

    The universities of Washington, Colorado, and New York have also shown examples of how tobe green. Whether it be at the University of Washington (which uses renewable energy for

    100% of its energy needs), or the University of Colorado (which buys much of its food from

    local suppliers to reduce transportation waste), or the New York University (which provides

    bicycles for students to use to get around campus instead of using cars) there are many examples

    of good green policies that could also be applied at Purdue.

    The Interview with Professor Hawks

    The interview below was done with Professor Hawks at Purdue University as part of the research

    to find out more about Purdue new Mechanical Engineering Gatewood wing. It provides an

    introduction about the professor, more detailed information about the wing, and the Professors

    personal opinions Purdues future construction products and Purdues position in relation to

    other Big Ten universities when talking about going green.

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    Mohamed: Can you please give us an

    introduction about yourself?

    Prof. Hawks: Ive been a faculty member since 1968, got my

    degrees here and has been at Purdue for 50 years. I did some

    research with the auto plants for about 30 years and was a

    consultant for the university power plants. About 12, 15

    years ago I started working with the dean office in handling

    construction projects for the school of engineering, so I was

    the deans representative in building Armstrong, I worked on

    Chem E and MSEE buildings and so I started planning for

    the Gatewood wing in 1999.

    Mohamed: How is this building (The M.E extension wing) different from the

    other buildings on campus? What makes it LEED certified?

    Prof. Hawks: A number of things. The site itself is selected and designed in such a way that we

    meet the LEEDs requirements, in other words if you take the fencing around the construction

    site, you subtract the area of the building itself, whats left we have to make it so much green

    space to get the LEEDs points. Theres going to be grass all around it, there is going to be a

    grass mall up to the west side of it so students could sit on a grassy area. We had to put two small

    showers inside the building, one male one female, for bicycle riders. We have to provide a

    certain percentage of bicycle racks for the number of occupants of the wing, there will be a

    number of spaces in the parking garage designated for alternative fuel vehicles, thats because of

    our wing. Also, the university allocated a plot of ground the same size as the wing that will never

    be developed but will be kept for green space. The building itself is designed for energy

    efficiency; all the windows will have triple panes instead of double panes. The walls are

    probably several inches thicker than normal. The roof has more insulation on it so that we meet

    certain energy requirements. All the equipment that is in it is capable of 50% make up air so we

    can handle the environment inside of the building, all the equipment will have monitoring on

    them so we can measure the energy consumption for the equipment. We will provide an

    educational computer kiosk in the main wing of the building that will tell you right then why the

    building is LEED certified, and would tell you exactly what was done for every part theconstruction of the building to make it LEED certified. We will have to give tours in the future

    on why the building is energy efficient. During construction all the material that comes on site

    has to be certified from the LEED council. All the paint, adhesives, the carpet must be made

    from low volatile material. A typical university building in the past would get 19 points of the 26

    points necessary to get LEED certified, so didnt have to a great deal to get certified. We wanted

    to go further than that though, we are aiming to become GOLD certified which requires a lot

    Fi ure11: Professor Hawks

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    more points than 26. Were going to have recycling bins in many areas of the building so we can

    recycle as many things as possible.

    Mohamed: How different is the cost is the cost of this building, as opposed to ifthe building was not build to become LEED certified?

    Prof. Hawks: The additional cost for our building is approaching roughly a $1,000,000. But

    Roger Gatewood, the major donor for the wing, wanted the building to be LEED certified.

    Mohamed: Wouldnt it have been better if that much money went to serve a

    better cause? Are you sure that this is the right thing to do?

    Prof. Hawks: I think that this is the wise thing to do, its because it helps the environment

    because our building uses 40% less energy consumption as it would normally have been. Nowwere going to be the standard on campus and all the buildings are going to follow us, I think the

    net effect down the road would be that well help the environment, well help the state of Indiana

    tax payer, it just makes common sense.

    Mohamed: Do you think that Purdue in general is doing enough to become

    environmentally friendly?

    Prof. Hawks: Yes, yes when we approached the university with the idea that we wanted to be

    LEED certified and the fact that we had a donor willing to pay for it, the university then decidedthat thats the thing to do. They immediately gathered some of the architects on campus and they

    sent them to a school so they know what it required to be LEED certified, and since then our

    inspectors have all gone to schools so they know what is required. When we actually did the

    building the contractors architects also went or had been to a LEED school and in fact they

    already designed a LEED building for the state of Indiana that was a hospital. The net effect is

    that its mushrooming its a domino effect, people are going to become more involved in making

    things more environmentally friendly and energy efficient.

    Mohamed: Do you know any specific examples about future construction

    projects at Purdue that will be LEED certified?

    Prof. Hawks: All construction projects that have been bid since we started our project are all

    LEED certified buildings for energy efficiency.

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    Mohamed: Do you think is doing better or worse than the other Big Ten

    universities?

    Prof. Hawks: I think were a leader. The physical plan administrators for the various Big Ten

    schools meet annually, and discuss mutual projects and problems. I know that our people on

    campus have been telling those people what were doing, why were doing it and so I feel we are

    a leader.

    Annotated Bibliography

    The issue addressed in the white paper is approached from three different angles: what has

    Purdue done in the past to be green, what are they planning to do in the future to be greener, and

    what are schools of similar size and endowment doing to be green. These issues are being

    covered by David, Jennifer, and Mohamed respectively. The problem is, How is Purdue

    University gone green and how could it be greener. The solution is covered in the white paper

    whether it be by showing what the university has already done (i.e. porous asphalt, bioswales,

    recycling, etc.), or what it will do (carpooling, green buildings, hybrid and flex-fuel cars, etc.).

    The paper will also use the examples set by other schools to highlight some things Purdue is

    doing well or could be doing better. We have many background sources and even an interview

    but we may find we need some more detailed sources as we continue to do research

    "Porous Asphalt."National Asphalt Pavement Association. National Asphalt PavementAssociation, 2010. Web. 11 Jul 2010..

    This web page is part of the National Asphalt Pavement Association website. The purpose ofthis section is to educate people about the nature of porous asphalt. Initially it covers whatexactly it is as well as its function. It goes on to discuss the benefits, cost, lifespan, etc. ofporous asphalt. One of the things Purdue is doing to become more environmentally friendly isinstalling porous asphalt around campus. This source was used to help understand the asphaltand this information will be used to explain porous asphalt in the white paper.

    "Purdue University Sustainability." Purdue University Physical Facilities. N.p., 2008. Web. 11Jul 2010. .

    This is an entire website dedicated to what Purdue University has done to be greener and some oftheir plans for the future. The information is broken up by topic and labeled on the main page.

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    The site contains information pertaining to the campus buildings, recycling programs, studentorganizations involved in sustainability, as well as current research and education going on at theschool relating to sustainability. This page was used heavily in the initial research because itcontains much information about what Purdue is doing and has done to become greener.Information from this source will be a basis for many of the arguments in the white paper.

    "State Farm board to help Schleman Hall sprout green roof." Purdue University PhysicalFacilities. University News Service, 20 Feb 2009. Web. 11 Jul 2010..

    This is a news article released from the Purdue University News Service. The topic of the articleis the green roof project on Schleman Hall. The article reads like a normal news piece and

    covers background information about the project and statements from people involved.Photographs of the current roof of Schleman Hall as well as computer renderings of what it willlook like when the project is completed are supplied. This source will be used to discuss theSchleman Hall addition and may be quoted to show that Boiler Green Initiative has plans tocontinue this project in the future.

    Purdue Shares Sustainability Strategic Plan at Earth Day Celebration. Purdue Today. 26 April

    2010. .

    This article, posted on Purdue Today - a daily e-mail newsletter published jointly through the

    Purdue News Service and the Office of University Periodicals, describes some of Purdues

    future plans to make the university more eco-friendly by describing its sustainability strategic

    plan. The article also lists programs being implemented in the near future, such as BoilerRide

    and expanding the universitys vehicle fleet to include more hybrid and flex fuel cars. One of the

    main points in our research paper is to describe some of Purdues future plans to lessen its

    impact on the environment. By listing the universitys future projects, this article is an asset for

    our paper.

    "Purdue University BoilerRide". Purdue University. 14 July 2010..

    This is a website created by Purdue to manage its BoilerRide program. The program is run

    through GreenRide, a website that helps users find others to carpool with. The websites FAQ

    page provides the benefits of carpooling to both the environment and the student, which include

    improved air quality as well as reduced campus demand and parking demand. The page will be

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    used in the paper to describe in further detail the program Purdue is implementing in the near

    future, and its positive impact on both campus and the environment.

    Weddle, Eric. "Purdue Driving toward Eco-friendly Objectives." JCOnline.com. 19 Apr. 2009.

    Web. 14 July 2010. .

    This is an article originally published through JCOnline.com, but later posted by Purdue on its

    Physical Facilities News site which describes Purdue Transportation Services goal to, by mid-

    2012, have 60% of the vehicles maintained by the department to be hybrid, and the other 40% beflex-fuel vehicles. The website also shares that, in 2007, vehicles monitored by TransportationService were driven more than 3.8 million miles. Although this article was published in 2009, it

    still shows a future goal of the university, which will be discussed in the paper. Given both theplan to incorporate more fuel-efficient vehicles and the amount of miles historically driven, the

    positive impact on the environment given these changes can be shown.

    "University of Washington." NWgreen Campus. 11July, 2010

    The website above provides specific information about the programs or initiatives thatWashington University has implemented in order to become greener. Programs are mainly

    regarding how the university is using renewable energy, cleaner transportation, better recyclingpolicies, and efficiency and conservation of energy policies. The information here will be usedto compare Purdue Universitys policies to the University of Washingtons better policies. This

    is to show how much more Purdue can do, what it is lacking, and how other universities ofsimilar size are doing more to become greener.

    "Climate Action Plan". New York University. 12 July, 2010

    .

    The website above shows the Climate Action plan that New York University is planning to

    undertake in the future. The plan aims to decrease greenhouse gas emissions throughout theuniversity through mainly reducing electric energy consumption and finding cleaner ways toproduce energy for the universitys use. New York University is one of the greenest universities

    in the nation, and is a very good role model for Purdue to look up to. Information gained fromthis site will be valuable in showing the reader what some of Americas greenest universities are

    planning to do to become even greener in the future.

    "University of Colorado". The College Sustainability Report Card. 12 July, 2010.

    http://nwgreencampus.org/northwest-campuses/university-washingtonhttp://nwgreencampus.org/northwest-campuses/university-washington
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    The website above provides information on what policies and programs have made the

    University of Colorado one of Americas greenest universities. Such policies include reusable

    bags for dining services, construction projects to build or renovate buildings to become LEED

    certified, and of course encouraging students to be part of their going green initiatives by hiring

    students in their environmental centers. The purpose of this information is to show the readerhow a university of slightly smaller size than Purdue, but a much lower endowment can still

    implement very successful going green initiatives. It is also to show that the greenestuniversities do not always have to be private or in big cities.

    Hawks, Keith. Personal Interview. 15 July 2010

    Professor Hawks is the person in charge of all College of Engineering construction projects.With 50 years of experience as a faculty member he was a great person to interview. He

    answered questions as to how the new ME extension building differs from other Purdue

    buildings, thus explaining what LEED certification really means in the process. He alsomentioned that the new ME extension is aiming for the LEED Gold certification. When he was

    asked about if he was aware of any future LEED construction projects that Purdue is aiming to

    do, he replied that all future Purdue construction products will in fact be LEED certified. This

    interview will help our paper as it will provide us with a primary source of information on theME extension and LEED certification requirements. His opinions on how Purdue is becoming

    greener compared to other Big Ten Universities could also be valuable (The professor thinks that

    Purdue is a leader among other Big Ten universities in the field of going green).

    References

    "Bioswale." United States Department of Agriculture. N.p., 2007. Web. 11 Jul 2010. .

    "Climate Action Plan". New York University. 12 July, 2010.

    Hawks, Keith. Personal Interview. 15 July 2010

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    "Porous Asphalt."National Asphalt Pavement Association. National Asphalt PavementAssociation, 2010. Web. 11 Jul 2010..

    Purdue Shares Sustainability Strategic Plan at Earth Day Celebration. Purdue Today. 26 April2010. .

    "Purdue University BoilerRide". Purdue University. 14 July 2010..

    "Purdue University Sustainability." Purdue University Physical Facilities. N.p., 2008. Web. 11Jul 2010. .

    "State Farm board to help Schleman Hall sprout green roof." Purdue University PhysicalFacilities. University News Service, 20 Feb 2009. Web. 11 Jul 2010..

    "University of Colorado". The College Sustainability Report Card. 12 July, 2010.

    "University of Washington." NWgreen Campus. 11

    July, 2010.

    Weddle, Eric. "Purdue Driving toward Eco-friendly Objectives." JCOnline.com. 19 Apr. 2009.Web. 14 July 2010. .