The Internet & The Cloud - Socio-economic Impact on Citizens

skimminglight.netThe Cloud

1/7824 June 2013

The Internet & The Cloud

Socio-Economic Impact on Citizens


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> Overview

The Cloud

Citizens' Control

Censorship

Surveillance

Conclusion


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> Overview

The Cloud

Citizens' Control

Censorship

Surveillance

Conclusion


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Definition● No longer local

– Software, data, music, ...

– Services in data centers

● Utility Service– Like gas, electricity, …

● Flexibility– Pay-Per-Use

– Elasticity

– Quick provisioning

● Ubiquitous– Wherever you want

– Whatever device


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...


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A data center


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More than just a buzz-word

Rather a paradigm shift


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> Overview

The Cloud

Citizens' Control

Censorship

Surveillance

Conclusion


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Ownership

● Digitalization of goods ● From product to service

– Subscription-based

● In particular– Books, magazines,

– Movies, music, television

– Software

>> You own nothing <<


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Terms of Use● Arbitrariness

– Changes possible

– E.g. privacy policy Facebook

● Example: Linn Jordet Nygaard – Amazon removed books

without prior warning

● Army of advocates– SMEs cannot win

– Even if cloud provider did not meet SLAs

>> Take it or leave it <<

You


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Privacy● Enormous profiling

– Surfing behavior

– Social trail

● Targeted publicity– Stimulate consumption

● Incertainty– Deleted vs. Invisible

– What in case of leakage?

>> You are the product <<


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Filter Bubble

● Priority to what might interest you– Based on personal profile

● Protected from – New ideas

– Potentially interesting info

>> They determine what you see <<


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Summary (1/2)

>> You own nothing <<

>> Take it or leave it <<

>> You are the product <<

>> They determine what you see <<


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Summary (2/2)

● Further concentration of economic power

↔ democracy↔ citizen


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> Overview

The Cloud

Citizens' Control

Censorship

Surveillance

Conclusion


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The cloud is good for you

“The Internet and in particular free cloud services such as Twitter, Youtube and Facebook democratized media. Everyone can become news producer and consume the news he selects. The hegemony of the large media corporations is finally broken.”

I l l u s i o n


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Greece, 2013


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Turkish protests 2013http://w

ww

.g uardian.co

. uk/technolog y/2013/ju

n/ 04/turkish-p ro

testors-en

cryption-so

ftware-eva

d e-censors

http://ww

w.g u

ardian.co. u

k/world/201

3/jun/02/tu

r kish-protes ters-control- istanbul-squ are

"There is now a menace which is called Twitter. The best examples of lies can be found there. To me, social media is the worst menace to society."

Recep Tayyip ErdoğanPrime minister of Turkey

http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2013/jun/04/turkish-protestors-encryption-software-evade-censors

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/02/turkish-protesters-control-istanbul-square


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In times of social stability, a high degree of freedom is tolerated. However, when tensions in society increase, governments easily resort to Internet censorship.

(And we are not only talking about countries with a bad reputation regarding freedom of the press)


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And not only governmentsapply censorship...


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● Twitter applies country-specific censorship policy

● Facebook censors covers 'De Morgen'

● Facebook censorslingerie shops

● Facebook sensorsgay-parties

● ...


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The censorship policy of cloudproviders can be quite selective


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● Gay parties● Lingerie shops ● Fascist ideas


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Summary● Censorship by

– Governments● Undemocratic

– Cloud-providers ● Totally undemocratic

● Dominance cloud-providers → high impact● Social instability → probability censorship

>> We cannot rely on the Interneton crucial moments <<


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> Overview

The Cloud

Citizens' Control

Censorship

Surveillance

Conclusion


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US Legislation

● FISA

– Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act ● Patriot Act

– Anti-terrorism– Surveillance & Detention


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Significantly reduced restrictions in law enforcement agencies' gathering of intelligence within the US (FBI, NSA, etc.)

Applies on US territory & US companies (Even outside the US)


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http://www.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/09/1focus.cfmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_Act

Up to 7 days without charging suspects with a crime.

Aliens charged with a crime: up to 6 month. This can be prolonged (cfr. Guantanamo Bay)


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Legislation

● Anti-terror legislation in many countries– France, Germany, UK, Belgium, …

– Especially since September 2001

>> Legislation being developedwhich undermines

social achievements / democracy <<


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And this legislation is applied massively...


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9 November 2005

http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2005-11-09/the-patriot-act-business-balks

“Fearing a terrorist attack, the FBI descended on casinos, car rental agencies, storage warehouses, and other Las Vegas businesses with sheaves of "national security letters" demanding financial records covering about 1 million revelers. Startled business owners who questioned the action were told they had one choice: cough up their documents or wind up in court.”


36/7824 June 2013http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/23/washington/23intel.html

“Data from the Brussels-based banking consortium, formally known as the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication, has allowed officials from the C.I.A., the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other agencies to examine "tens of thousands" of financial transactions, Mr. Levey said.”


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http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/06/nsa-phone-records-verizon-court-order

“The National Security Agency is currently collecting the telephone records of millions of US customers of Verizon, one of America's largest telecoms providers, under a top secret court order issued in April.

The order, a copy of which has been obtained by the Guardian, requires Verizon on an "ongoing, daily basis" to give the NSA information on all telephone calls in its systems, both within the US and between the US and other countries.”

6 June 2013


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http://www.washingtonpost.com/investigations/us-intelligence-mining-data-from-nine-us-internet-companies-in-broad-secret-program/2013/06/06/3a0c0da8-cebf-11e2-8845-d970ccb04497_story.html?hpid=z1

7 June 2013

Lets have a look at this case...


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The PRISM Case


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National Security Agency (NSA)

US Secret Service

Part of US army

Collection and analysis of electronic/digital communications, both foreign an national

Founded in 1952 without consent of Congress

Existence long time denied

Staff: 35000 – 55000

Budget: 8 – 10 billion $


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NSA HQ


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The leaked slides


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The Utah Data Center


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Utah Data Center “The Spy Center”

Property AmountOwner NSA

(National Security Agency)

Construction period Sept. 2010 – Sept. 2013Price 2 billion $

(excl. Hardware, software & maintenance

Surface 93000-140.000m²3th biggest data center worldwide

Required Power 65 MegawattsStorage capacity Order of yottabytes

(1 yottabyte = 1 billion terabytes)


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March 2012


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March 2012


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http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/utah-die-nsa-und-ihr-mammut-datencenter-fotostrecke-97676-3.html


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Obama reassures


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“Not only is Congress fully apprised of it, but what is also true is that the Fisa court has to authorize it.

What you have is two programs that were originally authorized by Congress, have been repeatedly authorized... Congress is continuously briefed, there are whole layers of safeguards involved.

We've also set up an audit process... after the fact, making absolutely certain that all the safeguards are being properly observed."

http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/07/obama-administration-nsa-prism-revelations-live

“[PRISM] does not apply to US citizens and does not apply to people living in the United States."


59/7824 June 2013http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/20/fisa-court-nsa-without-warrant

“The broad scope of the court orders, and the nature of the procedures set out in the documents, appear to clash with assurances from President Obama and senior intelligence officials that the NSA could not access Americans' call or email information without warrants.”

“In practice, much of the decision-making appears to lie with NSA analysts, rather than the Fisa court or senior officials.”


60/7824 June 2013http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/20/fisa-court-nsa-without-warrant

“But except when a US citizen is specifically targeted, the court orders used by the NSA to obtain [online communications] as part of Prism are these general FAA orders, not individualized warrants specific to any individual.

Once armed with these general orders, the NSA is empowered to compel telephone and internet companies to turn over to it the communications of any individual identified by the NSA. ”


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http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1266777/exclusive-snowden-safe-hong-kong-more-us-cyberspying-details-revealed

“US spies are hacking into Chinese mobile phone companies to steal text messages and attacking the servers at Tsinghua University, Edward Snowden has told the Sunday Morning Post.”


62/7824 June 20131. www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/07/obama-administration-nsa-prism-revelations-live

When you actually look at the details, I think we've struck the right balance.1


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To Sum Up● Acess to data

– In rest & in transit

● Scale– Unclear

– Much power & freedom to NSA

● Clear direction – Obama extends surveillance of predecessor

– Growing Capabilities (technology & legal)

● More revelations?


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Other countries


66/7824 June 2013http://reuters.tumblr.com/post/52817521108

81m

63m

63m

314m

80m

23m

1205m

199m

22m

61m

http://reuters.tumblr.com/post/52817521108

Proportionally, US is not on top

Data Accuracy?

Penetration of these services varies

population


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UK Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ)


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“GCHQ has secretly gained access to the network of cables which carry the world's phone calls and internet traffic and has started to process vast streams of sensitive personal information which it is sharing with the NSA”

http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2013/jun/21/gchq-cables-secret-world-communications-nsa

Snowden "They [GCHQ] are worse than the US."


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“[The] ambition is reflected in the titles [...]: Mastering the Internet and Global Telecoms Exploitation, aimed at scooping up as much online and telephone traffic as possible. This is all being carried out without any form of public acknowledgement or debate.”



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“[Storage] of data drawn from fibre-optic cables for up to 30 days so that it can be sifted and analysed. That operation, codenamed Tempora, has been running for some 18 months.”


“This includes recordings of phone calls, the content of email messages, entries on Facebook and the history of any internet user's access to websites [...]”


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Other thingswe don't know about?


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> Overview

The Cloud

Citizens' Control

Censorship

Surveillance

Conclusion


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Erich Mielke,Minister Staatssicherheit (Stasi)

from 1957 until 1989in the former GDR

George Orwell,Author of '1984'

Would have been inspiring to...

And many more...


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Increasedcensorship

Loss of citizens' control

Increased surveillance

Weakeningdemocracy

& rising tensions

Contributes to

requires

requires

amplifies

facilitates

facilitates

Economicdecline

Nationalistrethoric

Openess for

Acceptance ofCyber war/ espionage C

ontr

ibut

es to


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...

Put under democratic control

(including the Internet communication infrastructure &

related institutions)


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Special thanks toEdward SnowdenWho made anenormous sacrifice


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