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Transcript of The International Monitoring System · PDF fileThe International Monitoring System Natalie...
The International Monitoring System
Natalie Brely
Chief, Monitoring Facilities Support Section
International Monitoring System (IMS) Division
Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty OrganizationProvisional Technical SecretariatVienna International CentreP.O. Box 12001400 ViennaAUSTRIA
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course - 21 October 2010
Presentation Structure
1. The IMS;
2. The IMS Build-up – and how to keep the IMS “state of the art”;
3. How to Sustain the IMS – and who is involved;
4. Where do we stand today?
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
The CTBT verification regime
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
International
Monitoring
System
(IMS)Build and sustain
50 primary seismic
120 auxiliary seismic
11 hydroacoustic
60 infrasound
80 radionuclide
16 laboratories
International
Data
Centre
(IDC)collect,
analyze,
distribute
data and
products
On-Site
Inspection
(OSI)conduct
on-site
inspection
after
Entry-into-Force
The CTBT verification regime
Technical Components
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
International
Monitoring
System
(IMS)Build and sustain
50 primary seismic
120 auxiliary seismic
11 hydroacoustic
60 infrasound
80 radionuclide
16 laboratories
The International
Monitoring System (IMS)
The CTBT verification regime
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
International Monitoring SystemTreaty Definition
Annex 1 to the CTBT Protocol lists:
State responsible for station;
Location;
Latitude;
Longitude; and
Type
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
1. IMS Network
Four Monitoring Technologies with different types of Stations
Seismic
• Primary Seismic Station
• Auxiliary Seismic Stations
Infrasound
• Infrasound Stations
Hydro acoustic
• Hydro acoustic Stations
Radionuclide
• RN Particulate Stations
• Noble Gas Monitoring capability
International
Monitoring
System
(IMS)Build and sustain
50 primary seismic
120 auxiliary seismic
11 hydroacoustic
60 infrasound
80 radionuclide
16 laboratories
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Nuclear Test Explosions - IMS
monitors across environments
Atmospheric Tests Underwater Tests Underground Tests
Infrasound
Hydroacoustic
Seismic
Radionuclide (particulate and noble gas)
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Complete IMS Network
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Not started Under construction Installed Certified
Primary Seismic Network
International
Monitoring
System
(IMS)Build and sustain
50 primary seismic
120 auxiliary seismic
11 hydroacoustic
60 infrasound
80 radionuclide
16 laboratories
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Seismic TechnologyThe Science:
Explosion
Earthquakes and other natural events and events of human origin
generate two main types of seismic wave: body waves and surface waves.
The seismic technology is very efficient at detecting a suspected nuclear explosion
as seismic waves travel fast and can be registered within seconds after the event.
Data from IMS seismic stations provide information on the location of a suspected
nuclear explosion and help identify the area for an on-site inspection.
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Seismic wave
IMS Seismic StationThe Design:
An IMS seismic station has typically three basic parts:
1. a seismometer to measure the ground motion,
2. a recording system which records the data digitally with an accurate time
stamp, and
3. a communication system interface.
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Examples of IMS
Seismic StationsPS01 Paso Flores, Argentina
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Examples of seismic stations
PS23 Makanchi, Kazakhstan
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Not started Under construction Installed Certified
Auxiliary Seismic Network
International
Monitoring
System
(IMS)Build and sustain
50 primary seismic
120 auxiliary seismic
11 hydroacoustic
60 infrasound
80 radionuclide
16 laboratories
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
IMS Auxiliary Seismic StationsThe Purpose:
Same science and design principle as IMS Primary Seismic Stations;
Auxiliary Seismic Stations are to provide data to the IDC, upon request;
Their purpose is to:
improve the location accuracy of seismic events detected by the primary network;
Auxiliary stations are capable of acting as substitute primary stations if needed
The biggest difference with the Auxiliary Seismic Stations is that they are under the responsibility of their Host Country to be sustained.
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Not started Under construction Installed Certified
Hydroacoustic Network
International
Monitoring
System
(IMS)Build and sustain
50 primary seismic
120 auxiliary seismic
11 hydroacoustic
60 infrasound
80 radionuclide
16 laboratories
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
IMS Hydroacoustic Network
The Science:
Oceans cover 70% of Earth’s surface;
Oceans concentrated in Southern Hemisphere;
Coverage of broad ocean areas
global coverage using few stations
Hydroacoustic monitoring involves recording signals that show
changes in water pressure generated by sound waves in the water.
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Main basic parts:
1. Trunk cable deployed from shore
2. Three anchor/electronics nodes
3. Three mid-water hydrophone assemblies
4. Two inter-node cables and one tail cable
(separated by 2 km)
IMS Hydrophone Station
The Design:
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
HA03 Juan Fernandez Installation
Logistics and work associated to installation and repairs of
hydro stations is complex, time consuming and expensive…
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Most expensive
IMS Stations – Multi-
Millions
global coverage using
few stations
Not started Under construction Installed Certified
Infrasound Network
International
Monitoring
System
(IMS)Build and sustain
50 primary seismic
120 auxiliary seismic
11 hydroacoustic
60 infrasound
80 radionuclide
16 laboratories
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
INFRASOUND
ULTRASOUND AUDIBLE SOUND INFRASOUND
Frequency: 30000 Hz 2000 Hz 10 Hz 0.02 Hz 0.001 Hz
Wavelength: <mm cm m km >100 km
Useful range for detections of
nuclear explosions
IMS Infrasound Network
The Science:
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
IMS Infrasound Network
The Science:
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
IMS Infrasound Network
The Design:
An IMS infrasound station (or array) comprises:
1. several infrasound array elements arranged in different
geometrical patterns,
2. a meteorological station,
3. a system for reducing wind noise,
4. a central processing facility and
5. a communication system for the transmission of data.
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
IS18 Qaanaaq, Greenland IS52 Diego Garcia, BIOT
IS22 New Caledonia‘BOB’ IS55 Windless Bight
wide variety of environments
Ideal locations =
lowest possible background noise
in order to improve signal reception.
IMS Infrasound Network
The Design:
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Challenging
environments
to access…
Not started Under construction Installed Certified
Radionuclide Network
International
Monitoring
System
(IMS)Build and sustain
50 primary seismic
120 auxiliary seismic
11 hydroacoustic
60 infrasound
80 radionuclide
16 laboratories
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
15%
85%
Nuclear
explosion
Air blast, shock
Thermal radiation
Heat
Radiation:
5% Initial
10% Residual
Radionuclide Monitoring is a vital
component of the IMS that can
uniquely confirm a source as a nuclear
explosion
IMS Radionuclide
The Science:
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Housing for
detection
equipment
Air samplerSatellite
antenna
IMS Radionuclide
The Design:
Each station contains:
1. air sampler,
2. detection equipment,
3. computers and
4. a communication set-up.
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Half of the stations in the network
can also detect noble gases.
IMS Noble Gas
The Science:
Some radioactive noble gas isotopes do not occur naturally
but can only be produced by nuclear reactions.
Four isotopes of the noble gas xenon are particularly relevant
to the detection of nuclear explosions.
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
SPALAX
(France)
SAUNA
(Sweden)
ARIX
(Russia)
IMS Noble Gas
The Design:
1. Air is pumped into a purification device where xenon is
isolated;
2. Contaminants are eliminated;
3. The radioactivity of the isolated and concentrated xenon is
measured; and
4. The resulting spectrum is sent to the IDC for further analysis.
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Current IMS NG Suppliers
SPALAX installed
ARIX installed
SAUNA installed
ARX01
FRX27
NOX49
CAX16
DEX 33
ARX01
CAX05
CAX17
RUX61SEX63
PAX50
CNX20 JPX38
MNX45
AUX09
CNX22FRX31
NZX46
BRX11
RUX60
FRX29
USX75
RUX58
USX74
AUX04
CMX13GBX66
Systems purchased
National Systems participating in the INGE
USX79
RUX55
USX77THX65
GBX68
CLX19
MRX43
Status of IMS Noble Gas Network June 2010- 26 IMS NG systems + 1 National System
installed and participating in the INGE
- 8 additional NG systems purchased (installation planned 2nd half of 2010 and 2011)
MXX44
FRX30
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
First NG Certification:
USX75 - 19 Aug 2010
2. The IMS Build-Up
A Collective and Joint Venture… between:
Host Country;
The PTS;
The Local Community;
The Equipment Vendors; and
State Signatories.
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
IMS Station Installation Steps
2. Site survey
3. Civil works
4. Instrument Installation and Testing
5. Certification
The IMS Build-up
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
1. Host country granting access to site
IMS Station Installation Steps
1. Host country granting access to site
2. Site survey
3. Civil works
4. Instrument Installation and Testing
5. Certification
The IMS Build-up
Prior to initiating any work at a site,
permission has to be granted by the Host
Country…
In the early stage, local community needs to be involved
via local contracts, training, lease agreement, etc…
Host country has to continue supporting via timely access
and equipment importation, etc…
Good partnership with
equipment vendors is essential in
order to ensure through life
cycle sustainment…
A station is certified when the station equipment and the
infrastructure meets the technical specification for the IMS
station as detailed in the IMS Operational manuals
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
By implementing a continuous improvement focused through life sustainment process that is fed by relevant Engineering & Development and operational/sustainment feedbacks
IMS Engineering And Development
IDC OperationsIMS Maintenance
and Logistic Support
The IMS Build-upand how to keep the IMS “state of the art”…
and by implementing a Technology Foresight Process
Tim
e Horizo
n
Technology
development
roadmaps
Technology
development
strategy
Technology
Scenarios
Technology
Foresight
Initiative
2010
June 2011(S&T 2011 Conference)
2012
20 years
10 years
5 years
The IMS Build-upand how to keep the IMS “state of the art”…
3. How to Sustain the IMS?
A continued … Collective and Joint Venture…
between:
Host Country;
The PTS;
The Local Community;
The Equipment Vendors; and
State Signatories...
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
What are the data availability
requirements?
at EIF - Data availability is
set to 98% for waveform and
95% for RN technologies -
which means
NO MORE THAN
7 DAYS down time in one
year (waveform) – 7 days
consecutive (RN)!
What is our OBJECTIVE??
Note: Data availability requirements are
specified in the IMS Operational Manuals.
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Who’s responsibility is it?
The Host Country owns and operates the facilities… How is this
done?
In order to ensure (inter alias):
Timely access to facilities; and
Timely and tax free import/export of IMS
equipment/consumables, the below is required:
National Implementation Measures (NIM) to enable the
above including a National Authority (NA) ; and
Facility Agreement.
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Who’s responsibility is it?
The PTS is responsible to supervise coordinate and
ensure operation for the IMS facilities. What do we do?
Establish contract /arrangement/agreements for
their continued operation;
Post Certification Activities (PCA) Contracts
Establish contract/arrangements/agreements for
their support;
Equipment/Support Contracts or other arrangements
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Where are the funds to come from?
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
The PTS is responsible to budget for through-life
sustainment of certified IMS facilities; except for
Auxiliary Seismic Stations where the Host Country is
responsible to budget and sustain them;
State Signatories are to review, approve and provide budget
for the through-life sustainment of the certified IMS facilities.
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Where are the funds to come from?
Primary Seismic stations:
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
PS AS HA IS RN
82% 80%91%
70% 74%
8% 10%
9%
5%
4% 5%
12%
14%
6% 5%18%
7%
Certified stations
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
77%
7%8%
8%
Certified stations
Certified IMS facilities by technology Total number of Certified IMS facilities
4. Where do we stand today?
Summary: What governs IMS Build up and Sustainment??
High level standards for the operation of the IMS facilities are established in
the IMS Operational Manuals together with the technical specification and
other certification requirements.
Guidelines for provisional operation and maintenance of certified IMS stations,
the GCI and the IDC, which were adopted by the 19th session of the PC in
November 2002 and extended through 2011, state that any pre-EIF activities do
not provide for verification of compliance with the CTBT. Therefore the level
of performance of certified IMS stations could be relaxed prior to entry into
force of the Treaty.
The Treaty specifies the number, type and location of IMS facilities
Station Specific detailed guidelines are included in the
Station Specific Documentation.Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Make all involved in IMS Sustainment acknowledge their
responsibility towards sustaining the IMS;
Acceptance to change and putting into place formal procedures
(including timely & cost free customs clearance) and producing
necessary related documentations;
High turn around of staff and corporate knowledge (thus potential
loss of essential memory);
High turn around of local support – thus capacity building as far
forward as possible; and
Continue receiving necessary funds in order to continue sustaining
the CTBTO investment today and for the years to come…
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Summary: What are the challenges?
Continue assisting in getting your country to implement the
required National Implementation Measures (NIM) including the
National Authority (NA) nomination and Facility Agreement (FA);
Continue assisting in sustaining AS facilities that are hosted by
your country;
Continue assisting in getting your SO adhere to IMS Operational
Manuals in a timely and efficient manner; and
Continue advocating that the right amount of resources is
dedicated to the continue build-up and sustainment of the IMS.
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
Summary: How can Permanent Missions (PM) Help?
… a continuous collective and
Joint Venture… between:
Host Country;
The PTS;
The Local Community;
The Equipment Vendors; and
State Signatories...
Summary: IMS Build up and Sustainment is …
… a continuous collective and
Joint Venture… between:
Host Country;
The PTS;
The Local Community;
The Equipment Vendors; and
State Signatories...
Summary: IMS Build up and Sustainment is …
It takes Three to
Tango!!
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010
State Signatories...
PTS; Local Community;
Equipment Vendors…
Host Country;
The PTS;
… where is that
%@#$% &@
serial number??!!
I need to put that
on my trip report
otherwise I will
not be able to
go on another
duty travel!!!
Merci!
Thank you!
Programme for CTBT Introduction Course – 21 October 2010