THE INTERNATIONAL DATING VIOLENCE STUDY *
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Transcript of THE INTERNATIONAL DATING VIOLENCE STUDY *
ID 1
THE INTERNATIONAL DATING VIOLENCE STUDY
•The work was supported by National Institute of Mental Health grant T32MH15161 and the University of New Hampshire.
•
A STUDY OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN 34 COUNTRIES
ID 2
ID 3
PURPOSE 1: MEASURE FOUR KINDS OF VIOLENCE: PHYSICAL ASSAULT
INJURY FROM ASSAULT SEXUAL COERCION PSYCHOLGICAL AGGRESSION
FOR EACH TYPE OF VIOLENCE: PREVALENCE (%) SEVERITY CHRONICITY (How often)
ID 4
COVERAGE OF THE VIOLENCE
LATIN AMERICA AND CARRIBEAN Brazil Mexico Peru NORTH AMERICA Canada – French (3 sites) Canada – Anglo (4 sites) USA – Mexican American USA – Histor.Black College USA - Three other sites EUROPE Belgium England Finland Germany Iceland Italy Netherlands Northern Ireland Poland Portugal Russia Scotland Spain Sweden Switzerland - French site Switzerland - German site
INTERNATIONAL DATING STUDY MIDDLE EAST Iran Israel Turkey AFRICA Botswana Kenya Namibia South Africa ASIA China – Hong Kong] China - Shanghai India (2 sites possible) Japan Korea Pakistan Philippines Singapore AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND Australia New Zealand
ID 5
PURPOSE 2: TEST THEORIES ABOUT THE CAUSESOF VIOLENCE AGAINST PARTNERS
EXAMPLES
ANTI-SOCIAL PERSONALITYALCOHOL ABUSEANGER MANAGEMENT SKILLDOMINANCE OF ONE PARTNERCOMMUNICATION PROBLEMSCRIMINALITYGENDER HOSTILITYGENDER INEQUALITYSOCIAL INTEGRATIONSOCIAL STRESSVIOLENT CHILD REARINGVIOLENT CULTURAL NORMS
ID 6
SOME FINDINGSON RATES OF ASSULT AND INJURY
ID 7
MEASURE OF PHYSICAL ASSAULT
Minor Physical Assault: Threw something at partner that could hurt Twisted my partner’s arm or hair Pushed or shoved my partner Grabbed my partner Slapped my partner Severe Physical Assault:
Used knife or gun on partner on my partner Punched or hit my partner with something that could hurt Choked my partner Slammed my partner against a wall Beat up my partner Burned or scalded my partner Kicked my partner coefficient of reliability = .86.
ID 8
Figure 1: ASSAULT TOTAL
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
USA, New Hampshire
USA, Texas Mex Am
er
USA, Texas Non-Mex
USA, UtahCanada, Ham
ilton
Canada, Winnepeg
Canada, Montreal
Mexico, Juarez
Brazil
Swiss, FrenchSwiss, Germ
anPortugalChina, HongKongIsrael
Pe
rce
nt
Male
Female
North America Latin America Europe Asia & Middle East
ID 9
Figure 2: ASSAULT SEVERE
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
USA, New Hampshire
USA, Texas Mex Am
er
USA, Texas Non-Mex
USA, UtahCanada, Ham
ilton
Canada, Winnepeg
Canada, Montreal
Mexico, Juarez
Brazil
Swiss, FrenchSwiss, Germ
anPortugalChina, HongKongIsrael
Pe
rce
nt
Male
Female
North America Latin America Europe Asia & Middle East
ID 10
CTS2
ID 11
INJURY RATES AT 14 UNIVERSITIES IN 8 COUNTRIES
RANGE FROM 2% TO 16%
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
ASSAULT RATE14 UNIVERISTIES FROM LOW TO HIGH
%INJURED
N
ID 12
CTS2
ID 13
Figure 3: SEXUAL COERCION TOTAL
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
USA, New Hampshire
USA, Texas Mex Am
er
USA, Texas Non-Mex
USA, UtahCanada, Ham
ilton
Canada, Winnepeg
Canada, Montreal
Mexico, Juarez
Brazil
Swiss, FrenchSwiss, Germ
anPortugalChina, HongKongIsrael
Pe
rce
nt
Male
Female
North America Latin America Europe Asia & Middle East
ID 14
Figure 5: SEXUAL COERCION FORCE
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11P
erc
en
tMale
Female
North America Latin America Europe Asia & Middle East
ID 15
CONCLUSIONS•HIGH RATES OF ASSAULT AND SEXUAL COERCION IN ALL COUNTRIES
• THE INJURY DATA SHOWS THAT MANY ASSAULTS ARE NOT TRIVIAL
•RATES OF PERPETRATION BY WOMEN AND MEN ARE SIMILAR, EXCEPT MEN CAUSE MORE INJURY
• MORE MEN PHYSICALLY FORCE SEX • RESULTS ARE CONSISTENT WITH OTHER STUDIES OF STUDENTS
• CULTURAL DIFFERENCES ARE PRESENT BUT NOT USUALLY VERY LARGE
ID 16
SOME FINDINGS ON RISK FACTORS FOR VIOLENCE AGAINST A DATING PARTNER
ID 17
ID 18
ID 19
SOCIAL INTEGRATION SCALE ITEMS
Commitment I have goals in life that I try to reach I give up easily on difficult projects (R) Criminal Beliefs It’s all right to break the law as long as you don’t get hurt (R) To get ahead, I have done some things which are not right (R) Delinquent Peers I spend time with friends who have been in trouble with the law.(R) I have friends who have committed crimes (R) Involvement I attend a church, synagogue, or mosque once a month or more I rarely have anything to do with religious activities (R) Kin Network Availability I have family members who would help me out if I had a problem I share my thoughts with a family member
ID 20
S O C I A L IN T E G R A T IO N O F M E X IC A N A M E R I C A N A N D N O N - M E X IC A N
W H IT E S T U D E N T S A N D A S S A U L T S O N D A T I N G P A R T N E R S
Ig n a c io L u is R a m ir e z
T e x a s T e c h n o lo g ic a l U n iv e r s i t y
0
0 .0 5
0 .1
0 .1 5
0 .2
0 .2 5
0 .3
0 .3 5
2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 8 3 9
S o c ia l In t e g r a t io n S c o r e
Prob
abilit
y of A
ssau
ltN o n - M e x ic a n M e x ic a n A m e r ic a n
ID 21
ID 22
ID 23
CRIMINAL HISTORY SCALE ITEMS PROPERTY CRIME VIOLENT CRIME EARLY ONSET CRIME
Before age 15, I stole or tried
to steal something worth more than $50.00
Before age 15, I stole money
(from anyone, including family)
Before age 15, I physically
attacked someone with the idea of seriously hurting them
Before age 15, I hit or threatened to hit my parents
LATER CRIME
Since age 15, I have stolen or
tried to steal something worth more than $50.00
Since age 15, I have stolen
money (from anyone, including family)
Since age 15, I physically
attacked someone with the idea of seriously hurting them
Since age 15, I hit or threatened to hit someone who is not a member of my family.
ID 24
ID 25
RISK FACTORS FOR PSYSYCHOLOGICAL AGGRESSION
(VERBAL ATTACKS)
* RISK FACTORS ARE SIMILAR TO RISK FACTORS FOR PHYSICAL ASSAULT
* PROBABLY BECAUSE PSYCHOLGICAL AND PHYSICAL ATTACKS ARE HIGHLY
CORRELATED
ID 26
CTS2
ID 27
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
Relationship Length (in months)
Pre
dic
ted P
robability P
sych A
ggr
Tota
l
Males
Females
THE LONGER THE RELATIONSHIP, THE GREATER THE PROBABILITY OFPSYCHOLOGICAL AGGRESSION
ID 28
CONCLUSIONS•VIOLENCE AGAINST DATING PARTNERS HAS MANY “CAUSES” (“RISK FACTORS”)
•THE “CAUSES” OF VIOLENCE AGAINST PARTNERS ARE SIMILAR FOR MEN AND WOMEN
•EACH ADDITONAL RISK FACTOR INCREASE THE PROBABILITY OF VIOLENCE, BUT NONE GUARANTEE IT
•MOST OF THE RISK FACTORS ARE THINGS THAT CAN BE CHANGED
ID 29
THE PERSONAL AND RELATIONSHIPS PROFILE (PRP)
A MULTI-SCALE TOOL TO IDENTIFY RISK FACTORS FOR INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE
PSYCHOLOGICAL RISK FACTORS ASP ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY BOR BORDERLINE PERSONALITY CH CRIMINAL HISTORY DEP DEPRESSION GHM GENDER HOSTILITY TO MEN GHW GENDER HOSTILITY TO WOMEN NH NEGLECT HISTORY PTS POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER SD SOCIAL DESIRABILITY RESPONSE BIAS SI SOCIAL INTEGRATION SUB SUBSTANCE ABUSE STR STRESSFUL CONDITIONS SAH SEXUAL ABUSE HISTORY VA VIOLENCE APPROVAL VS VIOLENT SOCIALIZATION SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP RISK FACTORS (BEHAVIOR TOWARDS OR BELIEFS ABOUT THE PARTNER) AM ANGER MANAGEMENT CP COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS CON CONFLICT DOM DOMINANCE JEL JEALOUSY NA NEGATIVE ATTRIBUTION RC RELATIONSHIP COMMITMENT RD RELATIONSHIP DISTRESS FURTHER INFORMATION: Murray A. Straus, Family Research Laboratory, Univ. of New Hampshire HTTP://PUBPAGES.UNH.EDU/~MAS2
ID 30
ST0P
ID 31
RISK FACTORS FOR ASSAULTS ON DATING PARTNERS
IN GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
THE INTERNATIONAL DATING VIOLENCE STUDY
THE REVISED CONFLICT TACTICS SCALES (CTS2)
LOCALLY SALIENT MEASURE EXAMPLES THE PERSONAL AND RELATIONSHIPS PROFILE (PRP)
SUMMARY OF STRENGTHS OF THE IDV STUDY
FURTHER INFORMATION
(HTTP://PUBPAGES.UNH.EDU/~MAS2
ID 32
STRENGTHS OF THE IDV STUDY WELL-VALIDATED INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE – THE CONFLICT TACTICS SCALES OR CTS. USED IN OVER 40 COUNTRIES WITH RESPONDENTS OF ALL SOCIOECONOMIC LEVELS, INCLUDING LOW EDUCATION RURAL AND URBAN POPULATIONS AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS.
UNUSUALLY WIDE RANGE OF RISK FACTORS. THE
PERSONAL AND RELATIONSHIPS PROFILE OR PRP MEASURE 22 VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH PARTNER VIOLENCE (SEE APPENDIX 1)
PROCEDURES FIELD TESTED WITH MORE THAN 1,000
STUDENTS AT THREE DIFFERENT UNIVERSITIES IN THE USA AND IN CIUDAD JUAREZ IN MEXICO.
30 NATIONS PROVIDES THE OPPORTUNITY TO
EXAMINE THE EFFECT OF SOCIO-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES ON RISK FACTORS FOR DATING-VIOLENCE, INCLUDING SITES IN ALL MAJOR WORLD REGIONS.
LOCALLY SALIENT ISSUES FOR EACH SITE. EXAMPLE:
EL PASO TEXAS SITE -- LEVEL OF ACCULTURATION FOR A PREDOMINANTLY MEXICAN AMERICAN SAMPLE.
ID 33
THE REVISED CONFLICT TACTICS SCALES (CTS2) PHYSICAL ASSAULT INJURY SEXUAL COERCION PSYCHOLOGICAL AGGRESSION NEGOTIATION LOCALLY SALIENT MEASURE EXAMPLES ACCULTURATION FAMILISM RELIGIOSITY
ID 34
THE CONFLICT TACTICS SCALES
PHYSICAL ASSAULTINJ
ID 35
FORMAT AND TESTING TIME
RESPONSE CATEGORIES TESTING TIME
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE PRP
RELIABILITY VALIDITY CRIMINAL HISTORY COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS GENDER HOSTILITY SOCIAL INTEGRATION
RELIABILITY OF THE PRP
MEAN ALPHA COEFFICIENT
437 STUDENTS = .74
102 OFFENDERS = 69PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF ALPHA COEFFICIENTS
FOR STUDENT AND OFFENDER SAMPLES
ALPHA STUDENTS OFFENDERS< .59 -- 13%.60 TO .69 29% 40%.70 TO .79 38% 40%.80 TO .87 33% 7%
MEAN .74 .69