The Injury Experience The Injury Experience of Pedestrians and of Pedestrians and

Bicyclists in MinnesotaBicyclists in Minnesota

SNTC, September 18-19, 2009SNTC, September 18-19, 2009St. Cloud, MNSt. Cloud, MN

Bicyclists & Pedestrians: Bicyclists & Pedestrians: The “Other” Users of the RoadThe “Other” Users of the Road

Injury & Violence Prevention Unit, Minnesota Department of HealthInjury & Violence Prevention Unit, Minnesota Department of Health

Leslie Seymour, MD MPH, Anna Gaichas, MS, Dorothy Gondwe, Leslie Seymour, MD MPH, Anna Gaichas, MS, Dorothy Gondwe, Jon Roesler, MS, Mark Kinde, MPHJon Roesler, MS, Mark Kinde, MPH

National ContextNational Context

MV–related injuries are the leading MV–related injuries are the leading cause of death for people ages 1–34cause of death for people ages 1–34

11% of all traffic deaths are 11% of all traffic deaths are pedestrianspedestrians

A pedestrian is killed every 2 hours & A pedestrian is killed every 2 hours & injured every 8 minutesinjured every 8 minutes

In 2000 alone:In 2000 alone:– Costs of pedestrian and pedal cycle Costs of pedestrian and pedal cycle

injuries cost around 40 billioninjuries cost around 40 billion

Sources: CDC; PIRE

State ContextState Context

Between 2000-2008:Between 2000-2008:– 420 pedestrians killed 420 pedestrians killed – 9,586 pedestrians injured9,586 pedestrians injured

Mortality and morbidity rates of pedestrian Mortality and morbidity rates of pedestrian crashes lower than national ratescrashes lower than national rates

Economic impact is significant and Economic impact is significant and increasingincreasing– Between 2000-2007:Between 2000-2007:

Total hospital charges $86 millionTotal hospital charges $86 million Median charge $1,029Median charge $1,029

Sources: DPS; MDH

‘Bike-related injuries increase in Twin Cities’

By TIM HARLOW, Star Tribune October 3, 2008

MV/Bicycle Crashes by Gender, MV/Bicycle Crashes by Gender, MN, 2000-2007 (n=3,930)MN, 2000-2007 (n=3,930)

26%

74%

FM

Pedestrian Injuries by Gender, Pedestrian Injuries by Gender, MN, 2000-2007 (N=9,586)MN, 2000-2007 (N=9,586)

Female46%

Male54%

Source: DPS

MV/Bicycle Crashes by MV/Bicycle Crashes by Age-group, MN, 2000-2007Age-group, MN, 2000-2007

020406080

100120140160180200

0-10

11-1

516

-20

21-2

526

-30

31-3

536

-40

41-4

546

-50

51-5

556

-60

61-6

566

-70

71+

20002001200220032004200520062007

Pedestrian Injuries by Age-group Pedestrian Injuries by Age-group MN, 2000-2007 (N=9,586)MN, 2000-2007 (N=9,586)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0-4 5-9 10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80-84

85+

N

Source: DPS

Bicycle vs. MV Crashes:Bicycle vs. MV Crashes:7 – County Metro & Greater MN7 – County Metro & Greater MN

050

100150200250300350400450500

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

MetroGreater MN

Metro73%

NW1%

Western2%SW

4%NE5%

SE7%

Central8%

Pedestrian Injuries in MinnesotaPedestrian Injuries in MinnesotaRegional burden 2000-2004 (N=4,553)Regional burden 2000-2004 (N=4,553)

Source: DPS

Bicycle Deaths: Bicycle Deaths: MV Traffic vs. Other CauseMV Traffic vs. Other Cause

0

24

6

810

12

1416

18

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

Other

TrafficRelated

Injuries from Injuries from Car/Bike Interactions, 2000 - 2007Car/Bike Interactions, 2000 - 2007

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Bicycle Injuries: Bicycle Injuries: MVC VS Other CauseMVC VS Other Cause

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

OtherMVC

Average Hospital Charges for Average Hospital Charges for Bicycle-crash InjuriesBicycle-crash Injuries

$0

$1,000

$2,000

$3,000

$4,000

$5,000

$6,000

$7,000

$8,000

$9,000

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

TrafficRelatedOther

MVT Pedestrian Mortality Rates, 2000-MVT Pedestrian Mortality Rates, 2000-2006 2006

Age-adjusted rate per 100,000Age-adjusted rate per 100,000

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

U.S.WIMN

Source: WISQARS

MVT Pedestrian Nonfatal Injuries 2001-MVT Pedestrian Nonfatal Injuries 2001-20072007

Age-adjusted rate per 100,000Age-adjusted rate per 100,000

39.2

42.0

20.922.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

U.S.

MN

Sources: WISQARS; MIDAS

Fatal Pedestrian Injury in MN Fatal Pedestrian Injury in MN 2004 – 2008, by Time of Day2004 – 2008, by Time of Day

12 - 2:59 a.m.

6 - 8:59 p.m.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

6 - 8:59 a.m. 9 - 11:59a.m.

12 - 2:59p.m.

3 - 5:59 p.m. 6 - 8:59 p.m. 9 - 11:59p.m.

12 - 2:59a.m.

3 - 5:59 a.m.

Time of Day

N

DPS

Non-fatal Pedestrian Injury in MN Non-fatal Pedestrian Injury in MN 2004 – 2008, by Time of Day2004 – 2008, by Time of Day

5-6P.M

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

6-8A.M 9-11A.M 12-2P.M 3-8P.M 9-11P.M 12-2A.M 3-5A.M

Time of Day

N

DPS

Non-fatal Pedestrian Injury in Non-fatal Pedestrian Injury in MN,MN, Hour-by-hour Profile, 2007-2008Hour-by-hour Profile, 2007-2008

5:00-6:00

2:00

7:00

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Midnight 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 Noon 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00

Time of Day

N

2008

2007

Where do the events Where do the events occur?occur?

Prior Action of Pedestrians Injured Prior Action of Pedestrians Injured MN, 2004 – 2008 (N = 3,448)MN, 2004 – 2008 (N = 3,448)

(199) 6%

(210)6%

(657)19%

(693)20%

(964)28%

Crossing Road (NS, NC)

Crossing in Crosswalk

Crossing with Signal

Crossing Against Signal

Standing/Lying/Playing inRoadWalking in Road With Traffic

Walking in Road AgainstTrafficEmerging from Front/BehindParked VehicleChild Getting On/Off SchoolbusPushing/Working in road oron vehicle

Getting On/Off Vehicle

Other Action

Not in Roadway

Source: DPS

Elderly Rates Are Highest! Elderly Rates Are Highest! Ped vs. MV Ped vs. MV in MN by age group (1999-2005)in MN by age group (1999-2005)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

<20 20-39 40-59 60-79 80+

Rat

e/10

0K

Source: CDC WISQARS

Hospitalized Pedestrian Injuries Hospitalized Pedestrian Injuries by Age-group, MN (1998-2007)by Age-group, MN (1998-2007)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

<20 20-39 40-59 60-79 80+

N

Source: MDH MIDAS

ConclusionsConclusions

2000-2005: mv/bike crashes 2000-2005: mv/bike crashes increasedincreased 2005-2007: mv/bike crashes 2005-2007: mv/bike crashes decreaseddecreased MV vs. pedestrian injuries are MV vs. pedestrian injuries are decreasingdecreasing MV vs. pedestrian injury severity is MV vs. pedestrian injury severity is decreasingdecreasing Teen males (15-19) are the key age groupTeen males (15-19) are the key age group Medical costs are Medical costs are increasingincreasing ½ of events are in crossing the road with no signal (NS) ½ of events are in crossing the road with no signal (NS)

or no crosswalk (NC)!or no crosswalk (NC)! ¾ of events are in the metro¾ of events are in the metro

What Next?What Next?

Denominator and evaluation data Denominator and evaluation data – How many of us bike and walk? How many of us bike and walk? – How much (and when) are we bicycling and How much (and when) are we bicycling and

walking? walking? – Where are we walking and riding?Where are we walking and riding?– What combinations of programs, awareness, What combinations of programs, awareness,

enforcement, engineering and incentives will enforcement, engineering and incentives will it take to help us it take to help us share the roadshare the road??