The Industrial Revolution. What was the Industrial Revolution? “Increased output of machine-made...
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Transcript of The Industrial Revolution. What was the Industrial Revolution? “Increased output of machine-made...
What was the Industrial Revolution?
• “Increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th century.”
(p.253 MWH)
Phases of the Industrial Revolution• Agricultural Revolution
• Cottage Industry
• Factories and Industrial Development with women and children working
• New structure of society and calls for reform
• Philosophers wrestle with the new societal structures
Impacts of Industrialization
• Widened the gap between industrialized and non-industrialized countries (rich and poor)
• Imperialism and the exploitation of colonies for raw materials
• Europe gained in economic power, while Asia slowed down
• Liberals and conservatives agree to compromise
Impacts of Industrialization
• Change in family structure
• Change in hygiene and sanitation
• Rise of corporations
• Feminist Movement
• Mass leisure culture emerged
Scientific Advancements
• Charles Darwin and Darwinism= “survival of the fittest”
• Darwinism further weakened the church teachings
Capitalism and Laissez-faire Policy• Key Question: What should the role of the
government be in industrialization?
• Laissez-faire – “economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference” (p. 267)
• Adam Smith- Wealth of Nations in 1776 argued for laissez-faire approach
Rise of Socialism
• Socialism - “factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all…. The government should actively plan the economy.” (ibid)
• Marxism – Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels - The Communist Manifesto – war between the rich and poor classes
• Communism –pure socialism begun by a worker revolution and where all factors of production would be owned by the people and shared equally
Capitalism vs. Marxism
• Progress results when individuals follow their own self-interest
• Businesses compete for consumer’s money
• Producers try to create goods that are better and less expensive than competitors
• Market economy aims to produce the best products and the lowest prices
• Government should not interfere with the economy
• All great movements in history are the result of an economic class struggle
• The “haves” take advantage of the “have-nots”
• Workers are exploited by employers
• The labor of workers creates profit for employers
• The capitalist system will eventually destroy itself. The state will wither away as a classless society develops
Unionization and Legislative Reform • Unions- voluntary worker organizations
• Collective bargaining- negotiations between employers and workers
• After 1825 Britain forced to accept unions
• 1866 U.S. – creation of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), which tries to get higher pay and less hours for its workers
• New laws to protect women and children