The Industrial Revolution

• Ch. 22• Bell-ringer: Describe

all the jobs you have held. If you’ve never had a job, what job will you have first? What do you hope to do for your first REAL job?

Agricultural Revolution

• Preceded Industrial Revolution– Farming innovations made

food production easier• Crop rotation

• Iron Plow

• Small group of farmers replaced the many – Huge labor force created

Industrial Revolution

• Began in G.B.– Favorable Factors of

Production• Land (resources)

• Capital (money and tools)

• Labor (workforce)

Industrial Revolution

• Mechanization– Automatic Machinery

• Textile industry– Richard Arkwright

• Water-powered spinning mill

Industrial Revolution

• Eli Whitney– Cotton gin- separated

seeds from cotton• Slave labor increased

profits

Industrial Revolution

• Henry Bessemer– Bessemer Process-

efficient way of producing steel

• More effective than iron in steam engines

• Could withstand higher temperatures

Industrial Revolution

• New methods of transportation developed to transport goods– Canals

– Stone roadways

• Steam Locomotives

• Steamboats- Robert Fulton– Benefit?

Industrial Revolution

• Communication– Morse Code- Samuel

Morse• Instant communication

over large distances

• Clip?

Industrial Revolution

• Spread to other countries– France and U.S.

Life during the I.R.

• Low wages– Higher for men

• Hours– 14 hours/6 days/week

• Children (<6 years old)– Strict (beaten for being late)

• Living– Tenements (apartment

buildings crammed)

Life During the I.R.

• Development of Middle class– Doctors, lawyers,

merchants, bankers, and business owners

• New opportunities for women– Nurses, teachers, and

phone operators eventually

New Ideas

• Interchangeable parts

• Henry Ford Assembly line

Capitalism

• Europe and U.S.• Privately owned

factors of production– Not the gov

• Corporations– Sell stock

• Monopolies developed– Complete control

over single good or service

Business Cycle

• Increased demand for one good might increase demand for other goods– Opposite is also

true

• Examples anyone?

Reforms

• Restrictions set for women and children

• Strikes, unions, and collective bargaining OH MY!

Socialism

• Government owns means of production for the good of all– Karl Marx, strong

proponent of socialism• Workers must unite to

overthrow capitalism

• Communism political movements to bring socialism– All communists are

socialists, but not all socialists are communist