Notes: Unit 2: Exploration & Colonization #3 The First British Colonies.
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. 1. Factors of Success in Great Britain a. Exploration and Colonization i....
-
Upload
katherine-cunningham -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
1
Transcript of THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. 1. Factors of Success in Great Britain a. Exploration and Colonization i....
THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
1. Factors of Success in Great Britain
a. Exploration and Colonizationi. Had many colonies that produced many
raw goodsii. Colonies were also markets to sell
manufactured goods
b. Sea Poweri. Had the largest naval and merchant fleet
in the world
c. Political Stabilityi. Had peace and stability within the mother
country
d. Government Supportii. Government passed laws that favored
business
e. Growth of private investmentiii. Private sector funded experiments for
creating new technology
2. Agricultural Factors
a. Jethro Tulli. Invented the
seed drill machine
ii. Had positive and negative effects on agriculture
b. Positivei. Farmers improved livestock breeding
methods to raise healthier animalsii. Better varieties of food crops were
developediii. Improvements increased Britain’s food
supplyiv. Increased Britain’s population
c. Negativei. Enclosure movement
1. Wealthy landowners bought more farms that had been shared by the rich and poor
2. They will combine the fields and fence them in
3. Allows for more efficient farming methods4. Drawbacks
a. It forced countless farmers off the landb. Forced people to move to the cities to look for
work
3. Factors of Production
a. Land i. All of a nation’s
natural resources
ii. Water was the most important resource for Great Britain
b. Labori. Great Britain
had a growing population
ii. Displaced farmers would make up a large portion of new factory workers
c. Capitali. Funds that were
necessary for the Industrial Revolution
ii. “human capital”1. People with
abilities and skills necessary for the Industrial Revolution
4. A Revolution in Textiles
a. The Cottage System
i. Prior to the Industrial Revolution
ii. System where weaving was done in the home
b. Changes in Textilesi. Eli Whitney
1. Solved problem of pulling seeds from cotton blossoms
2. Invented the cotton gin
ii. James Hargreaves1. Revolutionized
the spinning process
2. Invented the Spinning Jenny
iii. Richard Arkwright1. Solved problems
of Spinning Jenny
2. Invented the spinning frame
iv. Edmund Cartwright1. Patented the
power loom to meet the demand for better weaving machines
v. Factories1. Will be built to
house these large machines
5. The Steam Effect
a. James Watti. Improved the
steam engineii. His machine was
faster and more efficient at driving the machines
b. Richard Trevithicki. Used a steam
engine to power the first locomotive in 1802
c. Robert Fultoni. Used steam to
power shipsii. Began shipping
business that would run between Albany and NYC
iii. 1st profitable use of steam navigation
d. Effects of Steami. Would be used in textile industryii. Steam will fuel the coal industryiii. Areas of farm land will become centers
for coal mines and factories
6. Factories
a. Working Conditionsi. Children began working in factories
1. Some as young as 62. Paid very little3. Asked to d the more dangerous jobs
because they were small and could fit in tight places
ii. The work day was long1. 12hrs or more a day
iii. Poor ventilation, sanitation, and inadequate food
iv. Most workers were men
b. Labor Unionsi. Formed because of working conditionsii. Represented workers interestsiii. Would urge employers to change or
threatened a strike
c. Mass Productioni. A system of manufacturing large numbers
of identical itemsii. Interchangeable parts
1. Identical machine made parts
iii. Assembly line1. Process where product moves from worker
to worker and each performs a step in the manufacturing process
7. Capitalism and Competitiona. Laissez-faire
i. Adam Smith1. Wrote “The Wealth of
Nations”2. Advocate of Laissez-faire
a. Means, government should not interfere with business
3. Believed everyone benefited from the lack of government interference
4. This is called a market economy
a. Allows business to compete with one another
b. Thomas Malthusi. Concerned with
population growth
ii. Believed that population would always grow faster than the food supply
8. New Roles for Business Leaders
a. Entrepreneuri. Someone who
starts a business
ii. Emergence will take some political power away from the wealthy landowner
b. Famous Entrepreneurs from Americai. Andrew
Carnegie1. Led in the steel
industry2. Huge
philanthropist
ii. Cornelius Vanderbilt1. Built up the
railroad industry2. Grandson built
the Biltmore
iii. John D. Rockefeller1. Built up the oil
industry
9. Competing Economic Viewsa. Robert Owen
i. Socialism1. Believed that
government or society, not individuals, should own property and control industry
b. Karl Marxi. Wrote “Das
Kapital”1. Believed
workers would sink into poverty as capitalism grew
2. Working class will or would take control and govern themselves
3. Argued that capitalism would collapse
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfuUoINOU5I