The Indiano legacy - Lloret de Mar...
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The Indiano legacy of Lloret de Mar
Transcript of The Indiano legacy - Lloret de Mar...
The Indiano legacy of Lloret de Mar
History of Lloret
THE IBERIANS. 250 BCIberian settlements: Montbarbat, Puig de Castellet and Turó Rodó.
966Document in which the earliest mention of the name Loredo is found. It comes from the Latin name Lauretum, which means a place where laurel trees grow.
1 1 TH
CENTURYCastle of Sant Joan.
17 TH CENTURYCoasting trade in the Mediterranean. Sailing from port to port along the coastline from Lloret to Cádiz. All sorts of goods were transported: coal, firewood, fish, cork, wineskins, hazelnuts, fruit...
1778Start of the construction of tall ships. The Decree of Free Trade with America by King Charles III of Spain permitted the construction of ships on any beach in Catalonia with the goal of sailing to America.
ANCIENT TIMES MIDDLE AGES FISHING AND OVERSEAS TRADING PAST, THE AMERICANOS PERIOD.
THE ROMANS. 2 ND CENTURY AD
Roman burial chamber with cremation tombs.
1812-1869Construction of 150 tall ships on Lloret’s beaches.
1840-1880Most intense period of emigration from Lloret to America, especially Cuba.
1898Loss of the colonies of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines; many émigrés return to Lloret.
EARLY DAYS OF TOURISM
1919Holiday destination for members of Barcelona’s high society.
1950The first tourists from
abroad begin to arrive.
Before tourists discovered the beauty of Lloret de Mar’s beaches and coves, the town already had a close relationship with the sea, firstly as a fishing village and later on through overseas trading.
In the mid-18th century, there were many seafarers in Lloret who set sail for America to seek their fortune. In Catalonia these fortune seekers were generally known as indianos, but in Lloret de Mar they were called americanos.
The enactment of the Decree of Free Trade with America by King Charles III of Spain in 1778 was the final push that many needed to embark on this adventure. This was the time when large ships were built on Lloret’s beaches, ready to set sail for America.
The ships took between four and six months to complete the voyage to Santiago de Cuba, Havana, Montevideo and Buenos Aires, etc., loaded with wines, oils, fabrics, salt, flour and other goods. They made the return voyage to Catalonia laden with cotton, fine woods, furs, sugar, tobacco, coffee, rum and tasajo (dry-cured beef), among other goods.
Lloret de Mar and the americanos
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Casa Garriga (Maritime Museum)
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Passeig de Jacint Verdaguer
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Town Hall
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Church Of Sant Romà
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Parish House
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Chapel of the Holiest Sacrament
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Can Font
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Modernist Cemetery
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Following in the footsteps of the americanos in Lloret de Mar
INDIANO ROUTE OF LLORET DE MAR
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This red-sanded promenade flanked by palm trees recalls the colonial essence of Havana.
Two buildings from the indiano period stand at either end of the promenade: the neoclassical-style Town Hall, designed by the architects Martí Sureda and Félix de Azúa, unveiled in 1872; and the Maritime Museum, once the home of Enric Garriga i Mataró, dating from 1888.
Passeig de Jacint Verdaguer and Lloret Town Hall
This was once the home of Enric Garriga i Mataró, who emigrated from Lloret to Cienfuegos (Cuba) and made his fortune in the construction materials sector.
Today it’s a museum that explains the history of Lloret’s close association with the sea, from fishing to coastal and overseas trading.
Maritime Museum
The émigrés often maintained a close relationship with Lloret and invested in the town, whether on their return or from
afar. One such case was the Parish House and Church of Sant Romà, whose refurbishment was funded by the indianos.
The architect Bonaventura Conill i Montobbio was commissioned to carry out the project, which included
sculptures by Josep Llimona and Enric Clarasó.
The construction of the Chapel of the Santíssim Sagrament (Holiest Sacrament) was funded by Narcís Gelats from his
home in Havana.
This indiano house dates from 1877 and belonged to Nicolau Font i Maig, an indiano who made his fortune in Cuba. It
boasts interesting modernist features, such as the entrance, and is now a house-museum that shows what the indiano
houses of that period were like.
Parish House and Church of Sant Romà
Can Font
This ancient Benedictine monastery was purchased by Nicolau Font i Maig by power of attorney from Havana, making the most of the ecclesiastical confiscation law of 1855. Later on, he commissioned the architect Josep Puig i Cadafalch to extend the property, turning part of it into a residential home. Today it’s a private site that houses a hotel and restaurant.
Sant Pere del Bosc
The indianos wished to display their economic power not only in life (through donations and the construction of large houses) but
also in death.
Accordingly, they invested significant sums of money in family vaults designed by leading architects of the time, such as Antoni Gallisà and Josep Puig i Cadafalch. The Modernist Cemetery of
Lloret is a shining example of 19th century funerary art in Catalonia and forms part of the European Cemeteries Route.
Modernist Cemetery
Narcís Gelats settled in Cuba in 1860. He was later sent by his family to the USA, where he studied banking. On completing his studies he made Havana his home. Together with his brother Joan and his uncle Josep Durall i Maig, he founded Banco Gelats in 1876. It was one of Cuba’s leading banks, serving as the bank of the Holy See in the country. Later on he founded a shipping company and was the chairman of the companies La Tropical and Havana Clearing House. He was well known for the donations he made, especially to educational and charity institutions, both in America and Catalonia.
In Lloret he funded the works of the Chapel of the Holiest Sacrament of the Church of Sant Romà.
La Lliberada was a lady from Lloret who lived in the 19th century and who featured prominently in the local press. She married a native of Blanes called Miquel Ferrer who
had made his fortune in Cuba. The couple had no children and she was widowed at a very young age. Breaching the prenuptial agreement she’d signed with her husband, she
remarried. Her second husband was younger than her and even richer than her first husband.
A native of Lloret (1830-1908), Nicolau Font i Maig headed to Jaruco (Cuba) at the request of his uncle and returned home a very wealthy man. He was popularly known as the Count of Jaruco but he didn’t accept the noble title since it went against his Catalan nationalist convictions and because he felt it was absurd to have to pay fees in Madrid to become a count.
A story is told about Nicolau Font wishing to place gold coins on the flooring of the Chapel of Sant Pere del Bosc. The indiano had already refused to pay fees to become a count and was now lodging a request with the Royal Household to lay gold coins on the chapel floor. The problem was that it was forbidden to step on the face of the king or on the national coat of arms, since this was considered an insult to the crown. The reply that arrived from Madrid was that the coins should be placed vertically and not horizontally, which entailed using a much larger number of coins. Nicolau Font abandoned the idea.
This street reminds us of a curious fact related to the indianos: when they returned from America these newly wealthy men, getting on in age, would often marry young maidens whom they obliged to sign a prenuptial agreement stipulating that they would not remarry in the event of being widowed. As such, when their husbands died they become wealthy, young widows.
The Banker of Cuba,Narcís Gelats
Carrer de Vídues i Donzelles (widows And Maidens)
Nicolau Font i Maig, “Count of Jaruco”
The provocative La Lliberada
CONSTANTÍ RIBALAIGUA , THE COCKTAIL KING
Constantí Ribalaigua arrived in Cuba in 1914 and became the owner of El Floridita, one of Havana’s best-known bars, in 1918.
His was the first bar in Cuba to import a Flak Mak ice-crushing machine from the USA.
This enabled him to perfect his daiquiri recipe, leading to the creation of the Daiquiri Floridita. Ribalaigua would crush the ice and store it in an insulated box with holes pierced in the bottom to keep the ice dry. He applied his unparalleled expertise in combining flavours: he took one and a half fluid ounces of rum, a teaspoon of sugar, the juice of half a lime and (his secret ingredient) five drops of Maraschino liqueur, serving the mixture in a pre-chilled wide-mouthed glass. The result? The Daiquiri Floridita had just been born.
El Floridita soon became known as the “Daiquiri Cathedral” and Constantí Ribalaigua as “The Cocktail King”, thanks to having made the daiquiri fashionable the world over and for having invented the frozen daiquiri. His illustrious clientèle included Ernest Hemingway.
THE “DAIQUIRI FLORIDITA” OR DAIQUIRI FRAPPÉ
INGREDIENTS 3 cl of white Bacardi1 teaspoon of sugar1 teaspoon Maraschino liqueurThe juice of ½ limeCrushed icePlace in the blender and serve frappé
Daiquiri - ORIGINAL RECIPE
42 ml white rum
7 ml lime juice
1 teaspoon of sugar
Combine in a cocktail shaker with ice
History of the daiquiri 1.
Place the ingredients in the blender.
2.Add crushed ice up to just over the level of the liquid and blend for 10 seconds
until the ice is frapped, like a sorbet.
3.Once in the glass (Martini glass), the Maraschino liqueur is poured
over the ice and the glass is decorated with a mint leaf and a
straw.
Variations with fruit: use the same quantities, adding pieces of strawberry, peach, banana, pineapple, cherries, mango, etc. Don’t use too much fruit because the cocktail will be too sweet. As a general rule, use the equivalent of three medium-sized strawberries.
Daiquiri recipe
Santa ClotildeGardens
Exploring Lloret’s Indiano History
The labyrinthine, noucentista-style Santa Clotilde Gardens, dating from 1919, are situated in Cala Boadella and were the brainchild of the Marquis of Roviralta, who commissioned the landscaper Nicolau Rubí i Tudurí to bring his idea to life. Rubí i Tudurí had already
designed important gardens in Barcelona, including those of the Royal Palace in Pedralbes or those of Turó Park.
A MUST-SEE ATTRACTION PRE-ARRANGED GUIDED TOURS AND OTHER OPTIONS
INDIANOS ROUTEGuided tours of the heritage sites of Lloret related to the town’s indiano history. The tours end with a daiquiri tasting at Can Font.
CAN FONTTour for groups (up to 15 people) of this indiano house-museum with important modernist features. Find out how the indianos lived and discover some curiosities from the period.
GUIDED TOURS OF SANTA CLOTILDE GARDENS AND THE MODERNIST CEMETERYIf you’re keen to find out about the history of Santa Clotilde Gardens and the Modernist Cemetery, this tour will give you plenty of historical insight into the period and these cultural sites in particular.
DAIQUIRI WORKSHOPLearn about the history of the daiquiri and how to prepare it in this customised workshop led by a professional cocktail maker.
