The Incan Empire Studies/Inca/The Incan... · The Incas Create an Empire Inca Empire arises about...
Transcript of The Incan Empire Studies/Inca/The Incan... · The Incas Create an Empire Inca Empire arises about...
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The Incan Empire
http://www2.truman.edu/~marc/webpages/andean2k/religion/
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The Incas
The Incas began as a small
tribe in the Andes Mountains
During the early 1400s – began
to conquer those around them
Manco Capac = founder of
the Inca Dynasty
The Incas began in the
Cuzco valley in Eastern
South America
http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC062611/men_lives_work.htm
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The Andes
http://www2.truman.edu/~marc/webpages/andean2k/religion/
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The Incas Create an Empire Inca Empire arises about the same time as the
Aztec Empire
Capital city = Cuzco
Pachacuti = Inca ruler who led large expansion of the Empire
By early 1500s, Empire stretched from modern-day Ecuador to Chile
Included deserts, snowy mountains, fertile valleys, and forests
12 million people in Inca Empire at its height
Incas formed a strong central government
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The Inca
Empire
http://www.enjoyperu.com/multimediagallery/photos/img/1-48.jpg
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Central Rule of the Incas
People conquered by the Incas were integrated
into the Incan culture
Conquered leaders were replaced by Incan
leaders
Conquered children learned Incan culture
Incas used an official language, called Quechua
Still spoken widely in Peru today
http://members.toast.net/rjspina/Ancient%20Inca%20Civilization.htm
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Well Organized Economy
The government was in charge of all the money
They told every household what work they should do
Incas worked for themselves AND the
government
Taxes were paid with work, not money
Labor tax system = mita
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Food and Supplies
No markets or merchants in the Inca Empire
Government distributed food through mita
Extra food and supplies were stored in the capital
for emergency situations
Natural disasters, disease, famine, etc.
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Social Class System
Emperor, priests, government officials = upper
class
No labor tax, lived in stone houses, wore the best clothes
Farmers, artisans, servants = lower class
Little freedom, couldn’t own more than what they needed
to survive
Government took many of the goods they produced
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Inca Religion
Incas thought their rulers were related to the Sun God, Inti
Believed they never really died
Inca rulers were mummified when they died
Brought to ceremonies where they were given food and gifts for the afterlife
Incas rarely practiced human sacrifice
Sacrificed clothing, food, or llamas
Religion was practiced in nature as well
Huaca – Sacred place outside the temple (forest, mountain, lake, etc)
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Inca Achievements
Master Builders – known for expert masonry
(stonework)
Blocks were cut so well, they didn’t need cement
Even today, you can’t fit a knife blade between the cracks
Incas also built a huge road system
Two major highways were built that stretched along the
Empire
Over 14,000 miles of total roads
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http://www.leelau.net/chai/peru.htm
http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/archaeology/sites/south_america/cuzco.html
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http://www.bu.edu/bridge/archive/2003/03-21/bridge.html
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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Incatrail_in_Peru.jpg
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Inca Achievements
Incas had no writing system
Kept records with Quipus
Quipus - Knotted cords of different colors
Knots would represent different numbers
Different colors stood for different items
Oral history/stories/songs passed down as well
Incas had official “memorizers”
We know a lot about the Incas from Spanish writings
http://www.eumed.net/cursecon/ecolat/pe/econcusco/quipu2.jpg
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Llamas
http://suzukitomoko.oropendolaperu.org/inca-e.html
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Inca Civil War
Late 1520s – Civil War begins in Inca Empire
Ruler Huayna Capac dies
Two sons fought over who should succeed him
Huascar vs. Atahualpa
Atahualpa emerges victorious, but Incan army is
greatly weakened (1532)
http://webnacionalistaecuador.4mg.com/shyris/shyri-inca-quitenio_atahualpa.jpg
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Pizarro Conquers the Incas Atahualpa goes to be officially
crowned Incan ruler in 1533
Atahualpa receives a message that there are strange white men called Spanish around
Atahualpa agrees to meet Spanish
Spanish attack – kill 2,000 Incan soldiers and take Atahualpa hostage
Francisco Pizarro demands huge ransom for freedom of Atahualpa
http://www.adonde.com/historia/images/1532captura_atahualpa.jpg
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Pizarro Conquers the Incas
24 tons of gold, silver, and other valuables are
delivered to Spanish
Pizarro then kills Atahualpa
Feared he would come back and defeat the Spanish
Spanish rule the Incan Empire for the next 300
years
http://www.fuenterrebollo.com/Historia/pizarro.jpg
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Machu Picchu
http://sadestinations.blogspot.com/
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Machu Picchu
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Machu Picchu
http://members.toast.net/rjspina/Ancient%20Inca%20Civilization.htm