The Impossible Task: Changing Growers Behavior...GR horseweed / marestail GR kochia GR common...

The Impossible Task:Changing Growers Behavior

The Impossible Task:Changing Growers Behavior

Rich ZollingerNorth Dakota State University

Rich ZollingerNorth Dakota State University

http://water.usgs.gov/nawqa/pnsp/usage/maps/

Estimated Agricultural Use for Glyphosate, 2014

U.S. ranking of ND soybean production?

~? million acres = ?

Estimated Agricultural Use for Glyphosate, 2014

U.S. ranking of ND soybean production?

>7 million acres = 4th

Gly-R common ragweedGly-R giant ragweedGly-R waterhemp

Black symbols: confirmed resistant cases; Blue: highly suspectedProvided by: Drs. Jeff Stachler and Mike Christoffers

2006

Glyphosate-resistant weeds in ND and MN

GR common ragweedGR giant ragweedGR waterhemp


2007



GR ragweed

GR ragweed &GR waterhemp

GR ragweed

Black symbols: confirmed resistant cases; Blue: highly suspected

GR waterhemp

Provided by: Drs. Jeff Stachler and Mike Christoffers

2008


ND crop acres that received a soil-applied herbicide?

Canola 0%Flax 3%Wheat 3%Soybean ?%Corn ?%Sugarbeet 13%Lentil 13%Field pea 16%Dry beans 37%Sunflower 66%

2008 ND Pesticide Use Survey

ND crop acres that received a soil-applied herbicide?

Canola 0%Flax 3%Wheat 3%Soybean 4%Corn 8%Sugarbeet 13%Lentil 13%Field pea 16%Dry beans 37%Sunflower 66%

2008 ND Pesticide Use Survey

Nope – it aint broke

Need a PRE?


GR ragweed

GR ragweed

GR ragweed


GR waterhempGR ragweed


2009



GR ragweed


GR waterhemp

2010


GR horseweedGR common ragweedGR giant ragweedGR waterhempGR kochia

GR ragweed

GR ragweed

GR ragweed


GR waterhemp


GR waterhemp

GR ragweed

GR ragweed & waterhemp

2011


Gly-R horseweed / marestailGly-R kochiaGly-R common ragweedGly-R giant ragweedGly-R waterhemp

Black symbols: confirmed resistant cases; Blue: highly suspectedProvided by: Drs. Jeff Stachler, Jeff Gunsolus, Mike Christoffers, and Kirk Howatt

2012

GR ragweed & waterhemp

GR kochiaGR = 47% of 66 kochia samples


What % of ND acres receives a soil-applied herbicide?

Corn Soybean----- (ND acreage) -----

2008 8% 4%2012 ?% ?%

2008/2012 ND Pesticide Use Surveys

What % of ND acres receives a soil-applied herbicide?

Corn Soybean----- (ND acreage) -----

2008 8% 4%2012 11% 4%

2008/2012 ND Pesticide Use Survey

GR horseweed / marestailGR kochiaGR common ragweedGR giant ragweedGR waterhempGR wild oat


2013

GR ragweed & waterhempGR kochia

Glyphosate-resistant weeds in ND and MNGR wild oat

U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior and weed management

Survey company: Stratus Ag ResearchFunded: U.S. Chemical Industry

U.S. Grower survey: Human behavior – Resistant weeds

% growers that:recognize a H MOA group system: %


% growers that:recognize a H MOA group system: 42%

know herbicide MOA groups: %



know herbicide MOA groups: 17%

claim to rotate H MOA groups: %




claim to rotate H MOA groups: 46%

intend to rotate H MOA group: %





intend to rotate H MOA group: 53%

do not have a H MOA rotation plan: %






do not have a H MOA rotation plan: 30%

use retailer/crop advisor to planweed mgmt program to delay WR: %






do not have a H MOA rotation plan: 30%

use retailer/crop advisor to planweed mgmt program to delay WR: 21%


% growers that:

claim H MOA groups are too difficultto understand: %


% growers that:

claim H MOA groups are too difficultto understand: 17%

plant RR crops in succession: %


% growers that:


plant RR crops in succession: 70%

choose H based on weed spectrum: %


% growers that:



choose H based on weed spectrum: 40%those that do NOT = 60%

think that new H will solve WR problem: %


% growers that:



choose H based on weed spectrum: 40%those that do NOT = 60%

think new H will solve WR problems: 45%


% growers that:

will not change H group rotation untilthey get WR: 51%

will respray to kill weed escapes: 40%

will hand-weed and clean equipmentto prevent spread of RW: 14%


Information for Weed Management/Weed Resistance:

Source Sourcefor WM Credibility for WR

Retailer: 62% 67% 92%Consultant: 36% 60% 71%Label/Manufacturers: 41% 15% -Univ/Ext/Gov: 20% 20% (30% = worst)State weed guides: 10% - -Farm publications: - - 74%Other farmers: 10% - -Internet: 15% 15% -

ND Weed Control GuidePage 107 – Strategies to delay HR Weeds1. “Don’t forget the PRE”2. Apply effective POST herbicides in tank-mix or in sequential applications.3. Use high herbicide rates and effective adjuvants. 4. Spray small annual weeds.5. “Zero Tolerance/Kill the One”6. Control weeds in field perimeters and non-crop area7. Rotate herbicides with different mechanisms of action in consecutive years.8. Rotate crops

2nd summit planned for 2014.- Survey for Ext. Weed Specialists (32)- 4 questions…..

4 questions for next summit:1. What “issues” if weed resistance increases?2. Why don’t growers manage resistant weeds?3. How can resistant weeds be stopped?4. How do you change grower’s behavior?

4 questions for next summit:1. What “issues” if weed resistance increases?2. Why don’t growers manage resistant weeds?3. How can resistant weeds be stopped?4. How do you change grower’s behavior?- Regulate - Link into incentives- Bundle herbicides with seed - All herbicides RUP - Involve financial institutions - Noxious weeds- Certification program for consultants, farm managers

Kochia CAN become the waterhemp of the mid-west

Gly-R kochia


Glyphosate-resistant kochia

2011GR kochia

Gly-R kochia


Glyphosate-resistant kochia

2013GR kochia

Group 2 ALS Express, Harmony, Raptor3 DNA Prowl, Sonalan, Treflan4 Growth Reg. 2,4‐D, Banvel, Starane5 Triazine Atrazine, Sencor6 Contact Basagran, Buctril9 EPSP Roundup/glyphosate10 N inhib. Liberty14 PPO inhib. Spartan, Sharpen, Flexstar15 Acetamides Harness/Surpass, Zidua22 Contact Paraquat, Diquat27 HPPD Callisto, Impact, Laudis31 Ferrous oxide

Kochia control in soy/drybean

Whats left?‐ Basagran + MSO adjuvant ‐ <2 inch‐Metribuzin – <7.5 soil pH‐ Liberty – LL crops‐ PPO inhibitors = PRE – Spartan, Sharpen

POST – Reflex, Flexstar‐ Ferrous oxide = Cold Hard Steel!

Kochia Control in soy/drybean

Bury the seed

Handweeding

Build a fence on SD/ND border

Build a fence around field


Uncontrolled wild oat by glyphosate

2014

Weed of the Year – 2008-2014

2009 = Dandelion

2010 = Lambsquarters

2011 = Common ragweed

2012 = Waterhemp

2013 = Foxtail barley

2014 = ?

Weed of the Year – 2014

2014 =

Weed of the Year – 2014 and 2015

2014/15 =

Waterhemp = “Evil”

“Satan”Dr Aaron HagarU of Illinois

Distribution of Palmer amaranth – 2009

Palmer amaranth

A few satanic traits:1. Resistant to Group 2, 5, 9, and 27.2. Fast growth = 2 inches/DAY!3. Emerge May through August4. Thrive in any open canopy5. 1 to 1.5 million seed/plant6. Female = >10 ft tall and baseball bat stems7. Pulled plants can re-root.8. Yield loss: Soybean = 78%, Corn = 91%9. 2% seed viable after 6 years10. Spread to every U.S state except MN, ND

Dr Bill Johnson -Weed ScientistPurdue University

6 ft 6 in.

Photo credit: Travis Legleiter/ Bill JohnsonPurdue University

Labor – hand-weed2010 – 110 hrs2011 – 5 hrs2012 – 2 hrs

ZERO TOLERANCE

Proactive approach-Early detection/Rapid response

Early Detection– Various state, area, and county staff - Focus on farmer education and awareness– PPTs, handouts, hands on exercises, etc

- Weed ID information - Pictures and biology of weeds- Hands on exercise with live plants- Mode-of-Action teaching materials - Develop BMP (Best Mngt Practices)- How to scout for resistant weeds

Proactive approach-Early detection/Rapid response

Rapid Response/- Various state, area, and county staff

including ND Dept. of Ag1. What to do if you suspect weed resistance?

- Action plan for Palmer amaranth - State education plan- Work with key stakeholders:

i. Commodity groupsii. Dept. of Agiii. Crop consultants and seed dealersiv. Ag Lenders

New Herbicides for 2015: ????

New Herbicide for 2015

The Impossible Task: Changing Growers Behavior...GR horseweed / marestail GR kochia GR common...

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