The Important of Mangrove Restoration Surrounding Jakarta Bay-1

8/13/2019 The Important of Mangrove Restoration Surrounding Jakarta Bay-1

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INDONESIA-NETHERLANDS WATER CHALLENGE

THE IMPORTANT OF MANGROVE RESTORATION SURROUNDING JAKARTA BAY(ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION)

A.Ildha Dwi Puspita1,Irwan

2 dan Aswar Amiruddin

3,Kasmawati

4

1Students of the Graduate Program in Civil Department, Hasanuddin University, Makassar,,phone number

085398934670, email [email protected] 2Students of the Graduate Program in Civil Department, Hasanuddin University, phone number

085399068948,email [email protected] 3Students of the Graduate Program in Civil Department, Hasanuddin University, phone number

085357722996,email [email protected] of the Graduate Program in Civil Department, Hasanuddin University, phone number

081343770204,email [email protected]

PROBLEMS

Jakarta bay stretching from Pasir Headland in Tangerang Regency at the West to MuaragembongHeadland in Bekasi at the East. The center of the coastal area was developed into the economic, ports and housing of Jakarta, while the East and West side of the Jakarta Bay are developed into

aquaculture with mangrove at the front area. The Government of Jakarta Province has launched

the development of the Jakarta City in Water Front City (WFC) with the construction of artificialislands through reclamation and Giant Sea Wall plan (see Figure 1).

Figure 1. Jakarta Bay development plan.

Jakarta Bay development is an urgent need due to lack of development space on the land side.

With the establishment of WFC, the Jakarta economic growth opportunities are expected tofurther increase and more jobs opened. Another major planned objective is to overcome theflooding of Jakarta, both floods caused by discharges from upstream river and tidal flooding that

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hit Jakarta every year. With the establishment of Giant Sea Wall (GSW) is expected flooding

problems and the threat of ocean waves could be resolved.However , the development of Jakarta Bay will provide a serious environmental impact. The

main impact that will arise is the displacement of coastal communities , especially fishermen and

closed / transfer of some beach infrastructure like fishing port, the harbor folk, marina, offices ,

housing and others. Another serious impact is the increasing of civil structures buildings that willaffect to global warming and resulting climate change . To compensate this condition, there must be a vast forest with adequate area. Jakarta Bay mangroves play an important role both in terms

of ecological aspects of the environment, in terms of physical function, biological and socio-

economic position of mangrove ecosystems as a unique and productive ecosystem. But

unfortunately, the condition of mangroves in both locations is currently very poor, where thecommunity is almost extinct due to land conversion into fishponds. Figure 2 shows part of the

coast of Jakarta Bay and one point of site conditions in the eastern coast are already experiencing

severe degradation .

Figure 2. Jakarta Bay beach and mangrove degraded conditions.

In addition to the impact of climate change, degradation of green belt is also an impact on the

vulnerability of the coast from the threat of erosion and abrasion waves, shoreline retreat, the

loss on speeding, spawning and nursery ground for fish and other biota. Similarly, the loss ofterrestrial fauna breeding ground. Another important thing that is the loss of ecosystem services

such as provision of O2 that are needed by living things. Similarly, pollution of coastal waters

from urban activity will increase. On the other physical aspects, loss of green belt also raises the possibility of tidal flooding. The other disadvantage is the loss of opportunity to attract tourists

who like echo tourism spot.

CONCEP OF SOLUTIONS

Based on the above description problems, the Jakarta Bay development plan with the reclamation

and the construction of GSW, needs to be accompanied by an improvement in the environmentsurrounding the redevelopment of mangrove areas. Mangrove restoration is the best way for the

a Ba ian-ba ian Pantai Teluk Jakarta b Kondisi de radasi man rove




improvement of the environment, protection of the coastal communities and activities from the

waves and the wind and increase incomes of coastal communities. Biologically, mangroves serveas a feeding ground, spawning ground and nursery ground for many kinds of fish species, shrimp

and others marine biota. Economically, the mangroves could produce timber, medicine and some

foods. Figure 2 presents the concept of mangrove restoration on the West and East side of

Jakarta Bay as well as the need to build mangrove echo-tourism to complement the wide existingtourist attractions in Jakarta where the proposed location is on the western side of the Bay ofJakarta.

Figure 2. Restoration concept of mangrove green belt and echo-tourism style & facilities

illustration

Technical research for mangrove as a shore protection especially the ability of rizophora (one of

the mangrove species) dampens wave, capture and retain sediment and hydraulic roughness ofthe rizophora for one-way flow has been investigated by Thaha (2003-2006). Thickness and

density of the green belt can be calculated using empirical equations of Thaha (2003). Thickness

and density of mangroves will be designed based on the value of the parameter waves, tides and beach slope that existed at the location to prevent soil erosion on farms in tow, capturing

sediment to maintain natural coastal embankment, protecting the fishing settlement behind it the

threat of high winds and can reduce the risk of catastrophic hurricanes and tsunamis.

EXPECTED OUTCOME




Expected benefits with mangrove restoration area:1. Offset the impact of the development of Jakarta Bay to global warming.

2. Protection of coastal communities from the threat of waves, windstorms, coastal erosion and

tidal flooding.

3. Reduced environmental impact by mangrove capabilities in reducing the spread of pollutants;4. Be a buffer zone for the city of Jakarta;5. The more fertile coastal waters of marine life by leaf litter serves of mangrove as a fertilizer;

6. Increasing the income of the fishermen due to improved fisheries potential by improving

ecosystem biota;

7. Reduces the potential risk of loss by fishermen cultivating mangrove protection function.8. Economic benefits from the results of the stems and leaves of mangrove felling of mangrove

trees that allowed for growth in excess of the permitted limits.

REFFERENCE

Thaha A., 2001, Simulasi Rumpun Bakau (Rhizophora) Sebagai Peredam Energi Gelombang ,Thesis Magister Teknik Pantai Pps UGM, Yogyakarta.

Thaha A., Triatmadja R., Nur Yuwono, 2001, The Performace of Rhizophora As Natural Shore

Protection, Paper dalam prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknik Pantai, PAU-IT UGM,

Yogyakarta.

Thaha A., Triatmadja R., Nur Yuwono, 2001, Engineering Aspect of Mangroves As Shore

Protection and Their Applications, Paper tambahan untuk prosiding The International

Symposium on Fishway and Tropical River Eco-hydraulics (Fish-TREC), Yogyakarta.

The Important of Mangrove Restoration Surrounding Jakarta Bay-1

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