May 10, 2016

The Importance of Effective Gas Treatment in

Biogas Applications

Steven Scott MBA

Market Development Manager – Biogas Applications

- Biogas Asia Pacific Forum – 25/26 May 2016 – Kuala Lumpur, Malayisa

Parker Hannifin Corporation

Parker can be found on and around

everything that moves. We manufacture

highly engineered components and systems

that facilitate motion and the controlled flow of

liquids and gasses for a wide variety of global

markets to increase our customers’

productivity and profitability.

Aerospace Climate Control Electromechanical

Filtration Fluid & Gas Handling Hydraulics

Pneumatics Process Control Sealing & Shielding

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Biogas is...

• Methane (CH4): 45 - 75 %

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2): 25 - 45 %

• Trace components: 2 - 5 %

Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen

(O2), Hydrogen (H2), Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S),

Ammonia (NH3), Siloxanes, VOCs

• Water (vapour, saturated): 2 – 7%

• Dust particles

…raw, unprocessed gas collected from biogas digesters. Biogas originating from landfill sites is termed ‘landfill gas‘. A typical composition of biogas / landfill gas is:

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Problematic Trace Components

• Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)

• Ammonia (NH3)

• Siloxanes

• Aromatic Hydrocarbon compounds

• Halogen compounds(chlorides, fluorides)

• Dirt or dust particles

• Water

Biogas Treatment for Power Generation

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At Digester Outlet40-60% CH4

30-50% CO2

0-10% N2

0-2% O2

0-2000+ ppm H2S

ppm VOC’s

ppm Siloxanes

Dirt Particles

H2O Saturated

At Engine InletCH4

CO2/N2/O2

H2S - <100 ppm

*Siloxanes: 95-99% removal

*Particles <5 micron

*H2O – Low dewpoint

* Parker Solutions available

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Biomethane is...…biogas that has had CO2 and other impurities

removed to produce a gas with a high methane

content similar to that of natural gas. Typical

composition is…

• Methane (CH4): >97%

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2): <2%

• H2S: <4 ppm

• Water: <65 mg/m3 (approx -40°C PDP)

• VOCs and siloxanes: Negligible levels

Biomethane is suitable for injection into natural gas distribution

networks or as fuel for Natural Gas Vehicles

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The Effects of Untreated Biogas

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• Biogas contains small solid particles,

foams, greases and other contaminants.

• Engines can be damaged by excessive particle

contamination so removal is specified by engine

manufacturers

• Particulate causes clogging or blocking of downstream

equipment increasing maintenance costs & downtime.

Raw Biogas FiltrationParticle Removal

FFB Hyperfilter BioEnergy is specifically

designed to prevent these undesired effects

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Top access cover to

enable quick and easy

element replacement.

Support legs for easy

installation and

mounting.

Base acts as a trap

for water and other

contaminants which

can then be effectively

removed by the

manual drain valve.

Stainless steel AISI304

or AISI316L vessel with

flanged inlet and outlet

pipe connectionsTwo threaded etchings

for connection of a

differential pressure

gauge

Raw Biogas FiltrationParker FFB Biogas Filter: Housing

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Filtration takes place through a porous filter

element made of antistatic, spunbonded

polyester to ensure optimum filtration

efficiency and high stability.

Filtration quality: 5 or 20µm

Filter element end caps and inner

core in galvanized steel.

Average Pressure drop: 3mbar.

To maintain optimum and effective filtration, filter elements must be replaced at least every 6 months with genuine Parker Hiross parts.

Raw Biogas FiltrationParker FFB Biogas Filter: Cartridge

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Performances refer to models operating with gas flow rate at FAD 20°C/1 barA.

Weight includes element without manual drain.

A

BC

D

Model Connections Dimensions (mm) Weight

m3/h (nom) m3/min (nom) IN OUT A B C D kg

FFB105-304 105 1.8 DN50 DN80 440 1454 1330 420 32

FFB265-304 265 4.4 DN80 DN125 440 1424 1300 390 35

FFB720-304 720 12.0 DN125 DN200 625 1838 1595 545 99

FFB1110-304 1110 18.5 DN200 DN300 633 1883 1650 600 108

FFB3180-304 2500 41.7 DN300 DN450 1000 2208 1805 696 255

Model Connections Dimensions (mm) Weight

m3/h (nom) m3/min (nom) IN OUT A B C D kg

FFB105-316 105 1.8 DN50 DN80 440 1454 1330 420 32

FFB265-316 265 4.4 DN80 DN125 440 1424 1300 390 35

FFB720-316 720 12.0 DN125 DN200 625 1838 1595 545 99

FFB1110-316 1110 18.5 DN200 DN300 633 1883 1650 600 108

FFB3180-316 2500 41.7 DN300 DN450 1000 2208 1805 696 255

Gas Flow*

Gas Flow*

Raw Biogas FiltrationParker FFB Biogas Filter: Product Range

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G-Series – Biomethane FiltrationHousing: high-grade aluminium, refined by chromating

and additional outside surface painting

- Connection Type: Threaded

F-Series – Biomethane FiltrationHousing: High-grade carbon steel, inside and outside

protected by a corrosion-inhibiting coating.

- Connection Type: Flanged

TGE-Series – Raw Biogas FiltrationHousing: High-grade stainless steel 1.4301

- Connection Types: Threaded or flanged

Designed for operation with both raw biogas

and biomethane with full compliance to ATEX

and PED regulations

Biogas FiltrationBiomethane Applications

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Example:

1,000 Nm3/h of Biogas from digester

35 degC/100% saturated = 47g of water per Nm3/h of biogas

1,000 (Nm3/h) x 24 (hours) x 47 (g/Nm3/h)

= 1,128kg water produced per day

(more than 1 Tonne of water every day!)

Cooling to 5 degC dewpoint will reduce moisture

content to 7g/Nm3/h

= 168kg water produced per day

Cooling to 5 degC dewpoint will remove 960kg water per day

Biogas DehumidificationHow Much Water in One Day?

1. Increases Efficiency (or Energy Output)

of Engine

2. Prevents Corrosion of Pipework and

Components

3. Partial Removal of H2S, Ammonia,

Siloxanes and other water soluble

contaminants

4. Reduces Contamination of Engine Oil

5. Improves lifetime/performance of

adsorbents, membranes etc

6. Complies with Technical Instruction of

Major Gas Engine Suppliers.

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Biogas DehumidificationSix Good Reasons to Remove Water from Biogas

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• High efficiency system

• Low pressure drop design

• Shell and tube heat exchanger with smooth pipes

• Parts in contact with biogas in AISI304 or AISI316L

• Shell in AISI304

• Pickling and passivation treatment for corrosion resistance

• Flow rates and performances aligned with CHP power range

• Suitable for horizontal & vertical installation

• Max working pressure: 0.5 barg

Biogas DehumidificationWFB Biogas Shell and Tube Cooler

• Cyclonic separator optimized for biogas applications

• High separation efficiency & very low pressure drop

• Material: Stainless steel AISI304 or AISI316L

• Pickling & passivation treatment for corrosion

resistance

• Suitable for horizontal & vertical installations

• Design Pressure: 0.5 barg

Biogas DehumidificationCSB Biogas Cyclonic Separator

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Biogas DehumidificationHyperchill BioEnergy

• Designed especially for biogas

applications (BioEnergy version)

• Provides low-temperature

cooling water

• Energy-efficient compliant scroll

compressors

• Packaged with large internal

tank and pump

• IP 54 rated

• All aluminium and copper parts

epoxy coated (BioEnergy

version)

Standard SKID• WFB Cooler (heat exchanger)

• CSB Separator

• ICE BioEnergy Chiller

• Place for FFB filter

• Water connections

• Counterflanges kit

• Expansion Tank

• Galvanized steel frame

Options• FFB Filter

• Hyperdrain

• Bypass (only with FFB)

Biogas DehumidificationParker Skid-Mounted Packages

Biogas DehumidificationParker Skid-Mounted Packages

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Siloxanes are organo-silicons added to

many personal care products and are

present in many biogas substrates

Found in shampoos, conditioners,

cosmetics, soaps, deodorants, de-foamers,

water repellents lubricants, and even some

food additives

Over 1 million tonnes produced annually by

industry worldwide!

Siloxane RemovalWhat are Siloxanes?

Landfills - Sewage Plants – Food Waste Plants

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C8H24O4Si4

O2

Heat

D4 Siloxane

CO2

H2O

SiO2

+

++

= SiO2 (Silicon Dioxide = Sand)

Siloxane RemovalWhat happens inside the engine?

Siloxane RemovalWhat happens inside the engine?

• Siloxanes convert to silicon dioxide

under engine environment & conditions.

• Deposits rise, efficiency falls reducing

generating capacity

• Engine components are damaged and

oil-life shortened

• Cost in components, labour, downtime &

additional oil changes…..lost profit!

• Removes up to 98% of

siloxanes

• Payback can be achieved

in 12 months

• Can reduce engine annual

maintenance costs by as

much as 80%

• Compact, skid-mounted

design

• Low power consumption &

minimal maintenance

• More than 100 units sold

worldwide

Siloxane RemovalParker PpTek Regenerative SRS

Siloxane RemovalVOC Adsorption

Siloxane RemovalParker PpTek Regenerative SRS

• Ability to regenerate media on

site using TSA technology

• Polymeric, man-made resin

media up to 10 x as absorbent as

activated carbon (AC)

• Media can be designed to last

up to 5 years

• Minimal media disposal cost

• Hydrophobic media increases

adsorption capacity

Siloxane RemovalParker PpTek System v Other Solutions

Media x1750 magnification

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Biogas Treatment SolutionsSummary- Parker BioEnergy