The IEA Civic Education Study as a Source for Indicators of Civic Life Skills Judith Torney-Purta...
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Transcript of The IEA Civic Education Study as a Source for Indicators of Civic Life Skills Judith Torney-Purta...
The IEA Civic Education Study as a Source for Indicators of
Civic Life Skills
Judith Torney-Purta Carolyn Barber Gary Homana
Britt Wilkenfeld University of Maryland, College
Outline of the Presentation:
• Criteria for indicators of civic life skills and examples of issues– in the U.S.; in Europe
• The IEA Civic Education Study data base – data collection, primary and secondary
analysis
• New approaches to indicators tailored to audiences– Academics and researchers– Policy-makers – General Public
IEA Civic Education Study
• Early 1990s– IEA’s member countries decided to go beyond science, math,
and reading assessments to conduct a knowledge and attitudinal study of civic-related outcomes.
• Mid-1990s Civ-Ed Phase 1– An international consensus process achieved agreement on
concepts for a test and survey.
• 1999 Civ-Ed Phase 2– Nationally representative samples of 14-year-olds were tested
in 28 countries – 90,000 students; nearly 2500 schools.
• 2001 to the Present – Data analyzed internationally and with special attention to U.S.
in comparative context.– Policy implications examined
Countries Testing in Civic Education Study (at age 14)
• Australia, England, United States
• Belgium (French), Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland
• Hong Kong (SAR)• Denmark, Finland,
Norway, Sweden
• Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
• Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Slovak Republic, Slovenia
• Chile, Colombia
Academics and Researchers as Audiences: • The importance of multi-dimensional
views of participation • Differences across 28 countries in
average performance on 3 indicators of expected participation
• Differences across 4 countries in the predictors of 3 types of expected participation
Examples of Diverse Patterns in Three Types of Expected Participation Using IRT scales mean 10; SD 2:All countries above International Mean in Civic Skills
10.7
10.3
9.7
10.19.9
10.5
9.8 9.7
10.510.2
9.2 9.2
8.0
10.0
12.0
Greece U.S. Sweden Finland
Voting
Conv.Act.
Commun
Summary of Multidimensional Patterns of Participation:• Southern countries (Latin America,
Greece, Cyprus, Portugal) high in expected participation;
• Northern European and most Post-Communist countries low in expected participation;
• However, considerable variation by dimension of participation.
Summary of Differential Predictors of Multiple Participation Dimensions:• School-related variables predict
likelihood of voting in the future. – Civic knowledge, experiences at school
• Parent discussion and political interest but not school variables predict likelihood of joining a party in the future.
• Current volunteer activity but not school variables and not political interest predict likelihood of volunteering in the future.
International and National Policy Makers as Audiences: • Modeling analysis that relates country-
level variables to students’ knowledge and attitudes
• Wide range of items and scales in the IEA data base and a nested sampling design make this feasible
• Choice of appropriate national or international indicators is key.
Summary of Results on Knowledge Items:• Students in countries with stronger
civil/political rights– less likely to know about the Declaration of
Human Rights, but – more likely to know about the purpose of
the United Nations
• Students in countries paying more attention to human rights in intergovernmental dialogue are – more likely to know about the Convention
of the Rights of the Child
Percent Correct on Question about the Convention on the Rights of the Child by Country’s Focus on Human Rights in Intergovernmental Dialogue:
79%82%
84%86%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 1 2 3
Summary of Attitudes toward Immigrants’ Rights: • Recent history of government issues
with human rights did not predict attitudes toward immigrants’ rights
• Alternate hypothesis: attitudes associated with the level of diversity in the country– Language, religious, ethnic and cultural
Immigrant Attitudes by Religious Fractionalization
10.1
9.9
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
Low Frac High Frac
3.3
2.8
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
Low Frac High Frac
StronglyAgree
StronglyDisagree
Attitudes toward Refugees by Religious Fractionalization
Summary
• Students in more homogenous countries have more positive attitudes toward the rights of immigrants/refugees;
• Fractionalization is more significantly related to immigrant attitudes than the country’s human rights situation;
• Students who know more about human rights have more positive attitudes toward immigrants and refugees.
The Public and Policy Makers as Audiences: • How do attitudes cohere in students?• What characteristics distinguish
clusters or typologies of adolescents in different countries?
• Is any substantial group of concern because of attitudes or expected behavior?
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Conv. Cit.
Soc. Cit.
Trust Gov't
Patriotism
Protectionism
Efficacy
Immig. Rights
Minor. Rights
Wom. Rights
Conventional/ Trusting Conventional/ Social Justice Moderate Alienated
U.S. Clusters
Distribution of Cluster Membership in the United States:
37.1%
28.2%
4.1%
31.7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Conv/Trust Conv/Justice Moderate Alienated
Civic Knowledge Scores by Cluster Membership:
102.44
114.62
103.72
93.47
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
100.00
110.00
120.00
130.00
140.00
Conventional/Trusting
Conventional/Social Justice
ModeratelyEngaged
Alienated
IRT Means on Four Expected Participation Dimensions by Cluster:
10.610.9
10.310.8
9.39.610.1
9.710.2
7.4
8.57.7
11.5
9.8
10.9 10.9
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
Voting Conventional Community Protest
Conventional/ Trusting Conventional/ Social Justice Moderately Engaged Alienated
Percent Disagreeing that a Good Citizen “Obeys the Law” by Cluster Membership:
1.2 0.7
6.8
44.3
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
Conventional/Trusting
Conventional/ SocialJustice
Moderate Alienated
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Conv. Cit.
Soc. Cit.
Trust Gov't
Patriotism
Protectionism
Efficacy
Immig. Rights
Minor. Rights
Wom. Rights
Conventional Social Justice Trusting/ Patriotic Alienated
Sweden Clusters:
Distribution of Cluster Membership in Sweden:
32.6%30.0%
20.7%17.5%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Conventional Conv/Justice Trust/Patriotic Alienated
Characterizing the Potential for Analysis in IEA Dataset:• Multiple levels
– Country and student
• Multiple student outcomes– Knowledge and different dimensions of attitudes
• Multiple categories of country predictors– Political and cultural/demographic
• Multiple types of analysis relating to indicators:– Patterns of dimensions by country– Predictors by country – Country-level predictors– Individual typologies or clusters