The ICARUS Project - lss.fnal.govlss.fnal.gov/conf/C0406141/bueno.pdf · XXIst International...

XXIst International Conference on Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics

NEUTRINO 2004

A. Bueno University of Granada

The ICARUS ProjectThe ICARUS Project

A. Bueno (Granada University), ICARUS Collab. Neutrino 2004

The ICARUS CollaborationThe ICARUS CollaborationResearch project jointly approved by INFN and Research project jointly approved by INFN and CERN CERN

CERN/SPSC 2002CERN/SPSC 2002--027 (SPSC027 (SPSC--PP--323) LNGS323) LNGS--EXP 13/89 EXP 13/89

–– CNGS Physics Program: ICARUS is an official CERN CNGS Physics Program: ICARUS is an official CERN experiment known as CNGS2 (April 2003)experiment known as CNGS2 (April 2003)

ICARUS COLLABORATION25 INSTITUTIONS, 150 PHYSICISTS

CIEMATGranada

UCLA

ETHZ

INR

IHEP

Katowice KrakowWarsaw, Wroclaw

L’Aquila, LNGS, Milano, Napoli, Padova, Pavia,

Pisa, LNF

Liquid Argon Detector : Why?Liquid Argon Detector : Why?Easy to obtain with very high purity by specialized Easy to obtain with very high purity by specialized industriesindustries–– Concentration on atmosphere ~ 0.9%Concentration on atmosphere ~ 0.9%–– Cheap: 1 liter cost below 1 Cheap: 1 liter cost below 1 €€

Homogeneous medium simultaneously acting as target Homogeneous medium simultaneously acting as target and detectorand detectorInteresting physical properties for a tracking device: Interesting physical properties for a tracking device: –– Boiling point = 87.3 K at 1 bar; not flammableBoiling point = 87.3 K at 1 bar; not flammable–– Density = 1.4 g/cmDensity = 1.4 g/cm33

–– Radiation length = 14 cm; interaction length = 80 cmRadiation length = 14 cm; interaction length = 80 cm–– Electron mobility = 500 cmElectron mobility = 500 cm22/Vs/Vs–– dE/dxdE/dx = 2.1 MeV/cm= 2.1 MeV/cm

Propagation of charged particles inducePropagation of charged particles induce……–– Ionization Ionization

Minimum ionizing track: 88000 electron-ion pairs per cmAfter recombination @ 500 V/cm: 55000 pairs/cm

–– Scintillation Scintillation UV Spectrum UV Spectrum λλ=128 nm=128 nm

–– ČČerenkoverenkov light (given that light (given that ββ > 1/n)> 1/n)



After many years of R&D at lab scaleAfter many years of R&D at lab scale……

The road for construction of The road for construction of very massivevery massiveLArLAr TPC detectors is now open!TPC detectors is now open!

ElectronicElectronic BubbleBubble ChamberChamber

cathode

Anode: 3 wire planes (at ±60o and 0o)

EE

µµArgon(87K)

EE

ee−−

33--dimensional imagesdimensional images

LAr acts as target and detector Real EventsReal Real EventsEvents

µµ→→ee

EM EM ShowerShower

HadronicHadronic InteractionInteraction

Energymeasured in each point:

bubble size ≈3 x 3 x 0.2 mm3

ee−−

ee−−

ee−−

ee−−

ee−−

ee−−

ee−−

T600detector


T600 Detector: Cosmic Ray DataT600 Detector: Cosmic Ray DataMore than 27000 triggers collected during More than 27000 triggers collected during technical run on surface (summer 2001)technical run on surface (summer 2001)–– Detector performed according to expectationsDetector performed according to expectations–– Testing 3D reconstruction, particle ID capabilities, Testing 3D reconstruction, particle ID capabilities, ……Publications so farPublications so far……

Design, construction and tests of the ICARUS T600 Design, construction and tests of the ICARUS T600 detector, detector, accepted for publication by NIM A on 31/12/03accepted for publication by NIM A on 31/12/03..Measurement of the muon decay spectrum with the ICARUS Measurement of the muon decay spectrum with the ICARUS T600 liquid Argon TPC, T600 liquid Argon TPC, EurEur. Phys. Journal C33 (2004) 233. Phys. Journal C33 (2004) 233--241.241.Study of electron recombination in liquid Argon with the Study of electron recombination in liquid Argon with the ICARUS TPC, ICARUS TPC, NuclNucl. Inst. . Inst. MethMeth. A523 (2004) 275. A523 (2004) 275--283283..Analysis of Liquid Argon Purity in the ICARUS T600 TPCAnalysis of Liquid Argon Purity in the ICARUS T600 TPC, , Nucl. Inst. Meth. A516 (2004) 68Nucl. Inst. Meth. A516 (2004) 68--7979. . Observation of long ionizing tracks with the ICARUS T600 Observation of long ionizing tracks with the ICARUS T600 first halffirst half--module,module, Nucl. Inst. Meth. A508 (2003) 287Nucl. Inst. Meth. A508 (2003) 287--294294. .


Liquid Argon PurityLiquid Argon Purity

Long drift distances demand ultra Long drift distances demand ultra pure Argonpure Argon– Impurities: 0.1 ppb Oxygen-

equivalentTwo independent and complementary methods to measure the LAr purity:– Purity Monitors : on-line

information on a fixed position of the chamber (punctualmeasurement).

– Muon tracks: off-line analysis measuring the collected charge attenuation from crossing muon tracks (average measurement).

For future modules, the present technology would allow to expand drift distances up to 3m

0

250

500

750

1000

1250

1500

1750

2000

2250

2500

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

from long tracks

from purity monitors

LA

r re

-cir

cula

tion

OF

F

Elapsed Time (Days)

Lif

etim

e (µ

s)

ICARUS T600

Vdrift= 1.56 mm / µs @ 0.5 kV/cm

drift ≈ 2.3 m

Liquid Argon TPCis a mature

detection technique


Michel Electron SpectrumMichel Electron Spectrum

Study of stopping muon Study of stopping muon sample sample –– 3000 events analyzed and 3000 events analyzed and

fully reconstructed in 3Dfully reconstructed in 3Dρρ parameter parameter

measurementmeasurement

Standard Model Standard Model ρρ = 0.75 = 0.75

Energy resolution for Energy resolution for electrons below ~50 MeVelectrons below ~50 MeV

)(08.0)(06.072.0 sysstat ±±=ρ

%2%11)(⊕=

EEEσ


Momentum measurement: Multiple ScatteringMomentum measurement: Multiple ScatteringEssential to measure kinematics Essential to measure kinematics properties of nonproperties of non--contained eventscontained events–– Interest focused on atmospheric eventsInterest focused on atmospheric events

Full simulation of muon events for a broad Full simulation of muon events for a broad momentum range momentum range –– Include all detector effectsInclude all detector effects

Split track into segments. Measured Split track into segments. Measured angles have two contributions:angles have two contributions:

Momentum extracted from fit over a Momentum extracted from fit over a sample of different segment lengthssample of different segment lengthsResolutions Resolutions ≈≈2020--25%25%Future analysisFuture analysis……–– Resolution improvement with alternative Resolution improvement with alternative

methods (e.g. methods (e.g. KalmanKalman Filter)?Filter)?–– Validate conclusions with real data: large Validate conclusions with real data: large

sample of stopping muonssample of stopping muonsMC Momentum (GeV)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6MC Momentum (GeV)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

∆

p/p

(%)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

MC Momentum (GeV)0 1 2 3 4 5 6

MC Momentum (GeV)0 1 2 3 4 5 6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40MUON MOMENTUM RESOLUTION

Preliminary

( ) ( ) ( ) 2/30

220

2 ;/; −∝∝+= segRMSnoiseseg

RMSRMSnoise

RMSRMSmeas LpL ϑϑϑϑϑ

3 GeV muon


ParticleParticle IdentificationIdentification

210

215

2201170

1172

1174

1176

1178

1180

290

295

300

305

310

315

320

y(cm)z (cm)

x (c

m)

K+

µ+

e+

AB

BC

K+

µ+

Run 939 Event 46

A

BC

DK+

µ+

e+

CollectionK+[AB] → µ+[BC] → e+[CD]

wire

drift

tim

e

µ+

e+

K+

Induction I

K+ µ+e+

3D reconstruction

allows tocompute dE/dx

and range


Particle Identification: Neural NetworkParticle Identification: Neural Network

0

1000

2000

muons

81.20 %

K p

18.71 %

K p

0.09 %

K p

0 %

K p

02505007501000

pions

7.72 %

K p

91.78 %

K p

0.50 %

K p

0 %

K p

0

1000

2000

3000kaons

0.11 %

K p

0.62 %

K p

99.02 %

K p

0.25 %

K p

0

1000

2000

3000

protons

0 %

K p

0 %

K p

0.035 %

K p

99.965 %

K p

π

π

π

π

µ

µ

µ

µ

Muon Event Classification

1

10

102

103

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Neural Net Out

Events

µ

π

k

p

Kaon Event Classification

1

10

102

103

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

Neural Net Out

Events

µ

π

k

p

Full generation and 3D Full generation and 3D reconstruction of muons, reconstruction of muons, pionspions, , protons and protons and kaonskaonsAnalysis based on neural Analysis based on neural network. Discrimination given by: network. Discrimination given by: –– Different stopping power for each Different stopping power for each

particle type particle type –– Difference on secondary particle Difference on secondary particle

production after decay/interaction production after decay/interaction of parent trackof parent track

–– Key issuesKey issues: : Accurate energy measurementAccurate energy measurementGood spatial resolution for Good spatial resolution for precise tracking reconstructionprecise tracking reconstruction

Very high identification Very high identification efficiencies efficiencies (>90%)(>90%) while low while low contamination levels contamination levels (few %)(few %) are are expected expected

Preliminary


T600 at LNGST600 at LNGS

Following LNGS DirectorFollowing LNGS Director’’s mandate, a s mandate, a working group of experts was set up to working group of experts was set up to review: review: –– ICARUS T600 (cryogenics, safety, installation, ICARUS T600 (cryogenics, safety, installation,

commissioning, operation)commissioning, operation)–– Risk Analysis: simulation of possible major Risk Analysis: simulation of possible major

failuresfailures–– Technical infrastructure and human resources Technical infrastructure and human resources

at LNGS to cope with ICARUS needsat LNGS to cope with ICARUS needs


Working Group Conclusions (Nov 2003)Working Group Conclusions (Nov 2003)

The ICARUS project is sound and innovativeThe ICARUS project is sound and innovativeRecommended improvements concerning the Recommended improvements concerning the cryogenic system will be implemented by our cryogenic system will be implemented by our collaboration collaboration –– Overall risk linked to LNGS activities is not increased Overall risk linked to LNGS activities is not increased

when T600 becomes operationalwhen T600 becomes operationalA significant amount of work should be carried out A significant amount of work should be carried out at LNGS to upgrade Hall B infrastructure and at LNGS to upgrade Hall B infrastructure and technical utilitiestechnical utilitiesT600 can be installed right now underground: T600 can be installed right now underground: allowed to enter hall B (summer 2004)allowed to enter hall B (summer 2004)


The T600 Installation RoadmapThe T600 Installation RoadmapMilestonesMilestones Estimated start/end datesEstimated start/end dates

LNGS DirectorLNGS Director’’s permission to place cryostat s permission to place cryostat undergroundunderground

End of May End of May

Works on Hall B pavement refurbishingWorks on Hall B pavement refurbishing 11--0606--04/1004/10--0909--0404

Control System & Liquid Nitrogen ReControl System & Liquid Nitrogen Re--LiquifierLiquifier Deadline: 30Deadline: 30--0909--0505

T600 Transportation to LNGS T600 Transportation to LNGS ““parking lotparking lot””positionposition (adjudicated contract)(adjudicated contract)

JulyJuly--04/04/

Control Room Building and SetControl Room Building and Set--up up (contract (contract adjudication 30/6/04)adjudication 30/6/04)

66--1010--04/1304/13--0909--0505

Supporting structure for N2 Utilities & Supporting structure for N2 Utilities & Purification System Purification System (adjudicated contract)(adjudicated contract)

1414--1010--04/3004/30--0808--0505

Thermal Insulation & Mechanics Installation Thermal Insulation & Mechanics Installation (adjudicated contract)(adjudicated contract)

3030--0808--04/1304/13--0707--0505

Piping Works Installation & Control System Piping Works Installation & Control System (INFN approval needed)(INFN approval needed)

1414--0707--05/1305/13--0909--0505

DRY TESTDRY TEST 1414--0909--05/405/4--1010--0505Upgrade human resources & ventilation, Upgrade human resources & ventilation, cooling, power distribution systems (LNGS cooling, power distribution systems (LNGS responsibility)responsibility) Deadline: 3Deadline: 3--1010--0505

LAr Supply, Filling & CommissioningLAr Supply, Filling & Commissioning October 2005October 2005


A Rich Physics ProgrammeA Rich Physics Programme

Atmospheric, Solar Atmospheric, Solar and Supernova and Supernova neutrinos neutrinos Long Baseline Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment:Neutrino Experiment:–– Explicit search for Explicit search for

ννµµ→→ννττ and and ννµµ→→ννee

BackgroundBackground--free free proton decay proton decay searches searches

uud

e+

dd

pπ0

I

C

A

R

U

S

Physics Prospects


CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

The Liquid Argon detection technique is now The Liquid Argon detection technique is now mature mature –– Matches the requirements imposed, to second Matches the requirements imposed, to second

generation detectors, by neutrino physics and proton generation detectors, by neutrino physics and proton decay searchesdecay searches

–– Ability to build very massive detectors Ability to build very massive detectors –– It has been demonstrated that It has been demonstrated that drift distancesdrift distances

amounting amounting up to several metersup to several meters are feasibleare feasibleThe T600 is being moved to LNGS The T600 is being moved to LNGS –– Physics run will start in Autumn, 2005Physics run will start in Autumn, 2005

The collaboration plans to clone the T600 The collaboration plans to clone the T600 module in order to reach a final mass of 3 module in order to reach a final mass of 3 KtonKton–– Address fundamental questions related to the Physics Address fundamental questions related to the Physics

Beyond the Standard ModelBeyond the Standard Model


B ACKB ACK--UPUP


ICARUS T3000 + Muon SpectrometerICARUS T3000 + Muon SpectrometerA SecondA Second--Generation Proton Decay Experiment and Neutrino Observatory at Generation Proton Decay Experiment and Neutrino Observatory at

Gran Sasso LaboratoryGran Sasso Laboratory

T600

T1200

T1200

Muon Spectrometer

LNGS-EXP 13/89 Add. 3/03

CERN/SPSC 2003-030

SPSC-P-323-Add. 1

Construction strategy:Construction strategy:““CloningCloning”” the successfully the successfully operated T600 module operated T600 module


CNGS: CNGS: ννµµ→→ννττ OscillationsOscillations

Main reaction Main reaction

–– Search based on Search based on kinematical criteriakinematical criteria–– Natural Natural ννττ contamination below 10contamination below 10--77 w.r.t. w.r.t. ννµµ

componentcomponent–– Several decay modes investigated (electron decay is Several decay modes investigated (electron decay is

the the ““goldengolden”” channel)channel)

–– 5 years of CNGS operation 5 years of CNGS operation (4.5 x 10(4.5 x 101919 p.o.t.)p.o.t.)–– T3000 detector T3000 detector (2.35 kton active LAr, 1.5 kton (2.35 kton active LAr, 1.5 kton

fiducial)fiducial)

Super-Kamiokande: 1.6 < ∆m2 < 3.0 at 90% C.L.

eννµνν

h−nh0ν

h−h+h−nh0ν

⎧

⎨ ⎪

⎩ ⎪ ⎪

18%18%50%14%

τ→ντ+Ar→τ+jet;


Main reactionMain reaction

Natural Natural ννee contamination contamination 1%1%Limited by CNGS Limited by CNGS statistics statistics

Three Neutrino Mixing10-1

10-110-210-3 1

10-3

10-2

10-4

sin 2Θ213

∆m

(

eV ) 2

2 23

ν νµ e

MINOS, 10 KT-YEARICARUS, 2.35 KT, 5 YEARS CNGS, + 4.6JHF+SK, 22.5 KT, 5 YEARS

min2χ

oMINOS

oCHOOZ

oCNGS

or

or

or

706.0)2(sin

1114.0)2(sin

604.0)2(sin

13132

13132

13,132

<<

<<

<<

θθ

θθ

θθ τ

CNGS: CNGS: ννµµ→→ννee OscillationsOscillations

For ∆m223 = 2.5 x 10-3 eV2For ∆m2

23 = 2.5 x 10-3 eV2

νe+Ar→e−+jet;

The ICARUS Project - lss.fnal.govlss.fnal.gov/conf/C0406141/bueno.pdf · XXIst International...

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