The Human Tradition Summaries
Transcript of The Human Tradition Summaries
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The Human Tradition in Modern Latin America
The Human Tradition in Modern Latin America
Summaries by: Delissa Ainsworth
Summaries by: Delissa Ainsworth
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I. The Independence Generations: Between colony and Republic,
1780-1830
I. The Independence Generations: Between colony and Republic,
1780-1830
• Simon Bolivar and Francisco Miranda of Venezuela advocate independence
• Mexican wars were from 1808-1821• Social and ethical tensions
• Simon Bolivar and Francisco Miranda of Venezuela advocate independence
• Mexican wars were from 1808-1821• Social and ethical tensions
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I. The Independence Generations: Between colony and Republic,
1780-1830
I. The Independence Generations: Between colony and Republic,
1780-1830
• Indians and mestizos followed priests to campaign for independence (1810-1815)
• Many white creole were scared and thus turned against independence
• Indians and mestizos followed priests to campaign for independence (1810-1815)
• Many white creole were scared and thus turned against independence
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I. The Independence Generations: Between colony and Republic,
1780-1830
I. The Independence Generations: Between colony and Republic,
1780-1830• 1810 marked the beginning of the White Creoles’ movement toward separation from Spain.
• Argentines and Brazilians fought over flat grasslands
• Independence softens colonial class and allows opportunities for others
• 1810 marked the beginning of the White Creoles’ movement toward separation from Spain.
• Argentines and Brazilians fought over flat grasslands
• Independence softens colonial class and allows opportunities for others
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II. The First Republican Generations: Between American
Barbarism and European Civilization, 1825-1875
II. The First Republican Generations: Between American
Barbarism and European Civilization, 1825-1875
• Hope and expectation• Single society dissipates; religion and conflicting interests precede.
• Elites have leisure time, tranquility, access to universities, intellectuals and libraries
• Availability to discuss foreign views
• Hope and expectation• Single society dissipates; religion and conflicting interests precede.
• Elites have leisure time, tranquility, access to universities, intellectuals and libraries
• Availability to discuss foreign views
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II. The First Republican Generations: Between American
Barbarism and European Civilization, 1825-1875
II. The First Republican Generations: Between American
Barbarism and European Civilization, 1825-1875
• Catholic churches dominate education, the aura within major cities
• People mainly live in rural small villages
• Few comforts and amusements• Countryside untamed• Political rebel controlled horses, cattle and crops
• Catholic churches dominate education, the aura within major cities
• People mainly live in rural small villages
• Few comforts and amusements• Countryside untamed• Political rebel controlled horses, cattle and crops
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II. The First Republican Generations: Between American
Barbarism and European Civilization, 1825-1875
II. The First Republican Generations: Between American
Barbarism and European Civilization, 1825-1875
• By 1870 most Latin American countries experienced major conflict against provinces
• By 1880 chance of life varied based on your residence, connections, access to land or skills, race and gender.
• Racial discrimination was minimal compared to the USA
• By 1870 most Latin American countries experienced major conflict against provinces
• By 1880 chance of life varied based on your residence, connections, access to land or skills, race and gender.
• Racial discrimination was minimal compared to the USA
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II. The First Republican Generations: Between American
Barbarism and European Civilization, 1825-1875
II. The First Republican Generations: Between American
Barbarism and European Civilization, 1825-1875
• Elite women were able to get away from restrictions enforced
• Some women acted through their husbands to influence power
• People struggle to keep any small advantage they held
• After 1870 the issue of independence was resolved in favor of the liberal European modernizers
• Elite women were able to get away from restrictions enforced
• Some women acted through their husbands to influence power
• People struggle to keep any small advantage they held
• After 1870 the issue of independence was resolved in favor of the liberal European modernizers
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III. The Fin de Siecle Generations
: The Tension between Decadence and Progress,
1870 -1900
III. The Fin de Siecle Generations
: The Tension between Decadence and Progress,
1870 -1900
• Europeanized urban liberals defeated the traditionalists
• New buildings, city parks, avenues, railroads, streetlights, refrigerated ships, and industries
• MODERNIZATION!
• Europeanized urban liberals defeated the traditionalists
• New buildings, city parks, avenues, railroads, streetlights, refrigerated ships, and industries
• MODERNIZATION!
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III. The Fin de Siecle Generations
: The Tension between Decadence and Progress,
1870 -1900
III. The Fin de Siecle Generations
: The Tension between Decadence and Progress,
1870 -1900• Science and technology move in• Many confused and resist the change
• Patronization of the “new age”• Police and armies are more efficient
• Churches take a step back
• Science and technology move in• Many confused and resist the change
• Patronization of the “new age”• Police and armies are more efficient
• Churches take a step back
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III. The Fin de Siecle Generations
: The Tension between Decadence and Progress,
1870 -1900
III. The Fin de Siecle Generations
: The Tension between Decadence and Progress,
1870 -1900• Many resisters get defeated and others use the church to protect their people
• 1880’s Cuba and Brazil outlawed slavery• Acceptance of Indians, mestizos, pardos, mulattoes and black in the citizendry
• Many political conflicts in the final quarter
• Many resisters get defeated and others use the church to protect their people
• 1880’s Cuba and Brazil outlawed slavery• Acceptance of Indians, mestizos, pardos, mulattoes and black in the citizendry
• Many political conflicts in the final quarter
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IV. New-Century Generations: Revolution and Change in the Cities
and the Countryside, 1900-1920
IV. New-Century Generations: Revolution and Change in the Cities
and the Countryside, 1900-1920
• Urban opportunities bring in migrants from the countryside and immigrants from abroad
• Additional public services and utilities• Organized labor unions• Reforming the political systems• Extending the franchise to all adult males
• Devising modest political changes
• Urban opportunities bring in migrants from the countryside and immigrants from abroad
• Additional public services and utilities• Organized labor unions• Reforming the political systems• Extending the franchise to all adult males
• Devising modest political changes
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IV. New-Century Generations: Revolution and Change in the Cities
and the Countryside, 1900-1920
IV. New-Century Generations: Revolution and Change in the Cities
and the Countryside, 1900-1920• Life has new opportunities
• Commercialization of agriculture• Expansion of markets in food and materials• Farmers lose work due to factories• Huge percent of campesinos work on someone else’s land
• ~ 80% of Latin Americans dream if owning land
• Workers have inhuman housing, poor wages and starvation
• Life has new opportunities• Commercialization of agriculture• Expansion of markets in food and materials• Farmers lose work due to factories• Huge percent of campesinos work on someone else’s land
• ~ 80% of Latin Americans dream if owning land
• Workers have inhuman housing, poor wages and starvation
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IV. New-Century Generations: Revolution and Change in the Cities
and the Countryside, 1900-1920
IV. New-Century Generations: Revolution and Change in the Cities
and the Countryside, 1900-1920
• 1910- Mexicans went through era of violence and resulted in reconstruction of the nation
• Revolution created hope, inspiration, fear and goals for the future
• 1910- Mexicans went through era of violence and resulted in reconstruction of the nation
• Revolution created hope, inspiration, fear and goals for the future
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V. Midcentury Generations, 1920-1959
V. Midcentury Generations, 1920-1959
• World War 1 ruins trade patterns• New strains in Latin America
• Politicians, churchman, industrialist, workers, peasants, and university faculty
• Race raises more concern• Dancing the tango becomes very popular• Radio, movies are the new craze• Women stepping out into public eye more causing challenges with politics
• World War 1 ruins trade patterns• New strains in Latin America
• Politicians, churchman, industrialist, workers, peasants, and university faculty
• Race raises more concern• Dancing the tango becomes very popular• Radio, movies are the new craze• Women stepping out into public eye more causing challenges with politics
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V. Midcentury Generations, 1920-1959
V. Midcentury Generations, 1920-1959
• Success in Russia created hope and despair among Latin Americans
• Counterrevolutionary political organization
• Great depression and the Spanish Civil War add fears about universal revolution
• Social breakdown- flappers, bobbed haircuts
• The Good Neighbor policy
• Success in Russia created hope and despair among Latin Americans
• Counterrevolutionary political organization
• Great depression and the Spanish Civil War add fears about universal revolution
• Social breakdown- flappers, bobbed haircuts
• The Good Neighbor policy
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VI Contemporary Generations, 1959-the
Present
VI Contemporary Generations, 1959-the
Present
• Revolutionary movement still move forward primarily in Central America
• Sandinistas seized power in Nicaragua• 1980’s new period of democratization• New governments = neoliberal policies• Castro still in power in Cuba• US shifts from anticommunism to anti-drug wars
• Revolutionary movement still move forward primarily in Central America
• Sandinistas seized power in Nicaragua• 1980’s new period of democratization• New governments = neoliberal policies• Castro still in power in Cuba• US shifts from anticommunism to anti-drug wars
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VI Contemporary Generations, 1959-the
Present
VI Contemporary Generations, 1959-the
Present
• January 1, 1959: Fidel Castro wins power in Cuba• Revolution was here and now• The US tries to eliminate the Cuban appeal and the revolutionary conditions throughout Latin America
• The US supplies financial, technical and military assistance
• 1970- Latin America urban guerilla = violence, kidnappings and assassinations
• “Dirty War”
• January 1, 1959: Fidel Castro wins power in Cuba• Revolution was here and now• The US tries to eliminate the Cuban appeal and the revolutionary conditions throughout Latin America
• The US supplies financial, technical and military assistance
• 1970- Latin America urban guerilla = violence, kidnappings and assassinations
• “Dirty War”