The Human HeartThe Human Heart

The heart is considered a “myocardial” The heart is considered a “myocardial” musclemuscle

It is both a muscle and an organIt is both a muscle and an organIt is a muscle because it has It is a muscle because it has

contractions in it’s operationscontractions in it’s operationsIt is an organ because it has a It is an organ because it has a “function” in the human body“function” in the human body

Parts of the Human HeartParts of the Human Heart

The human heart has over 20 parts to The human heart has over 20 parts to itit

The human heart has it’s own “battery The human heart has it’s own “battery Pack”Pack”

The human heart has two different The human heart has two different compressionscompressions

The human heart is divided into two The human heart is divided into two sectionssections

The human heart has 4 chambersThe human heart has 4 chambers

Myocardial Muscle TissueMyocardial Muscle Tissue

Heart tissue contracts because of it’s Heart tissue contracts because of it’s “nodes”(battery type)“nodes”(battery type)

Heart tissue never restsHeart tissue never restsThe human heart can have over 250 The human heart can have over 250

contractions(beats)per minutecontractions(beats)per minuteThe human heart at rest can have as The human heart at rest can have as

few as 45 contractions/beats per few as 45 contractions/beats per minuteminute

The human heart does not reach The human heart does not reach tetnae because of lactic acid build uptetnae because of lactic acid build up

ChambersChambers

The heart has 4 chambersThe heart has 4 chambersThe inferior chambers of the heart The inferior chambers of the heart

pump blood out of the organpump blood out of the organThe superior chambers brings blood The superior chambers brings blood

into the heartinto the heartValves allow blood to flow from one Valves allow blood to flow from one

chamber to the nextchamber to the next

Path of BloodPath of Blood

Deoxygenated blood comes to the Deoxygenated blood comes to the heart though two large veins called heart though two large veins called the Inferior and Superior Vena Cava’sthe Inferior and Superior Vena Cava’s

The Inferior Vena Cava returns blood The Inferior Vena Cava returns blood to the heart from the inferior part of to the heart from the inferior part of the human bodythe human body

The Superior Vena Cava returns The Superior Vena Cava returns blood to the heart from the thorasic blood to the heart from the thorasic cavity and superior to that area of cavity and superior to that area of the bodythe body

Right AtriumRight Atrium

The Right Atrium is the smallest The Right Atrium is the smallest chamber of the human heartchamber of the human heart

It is a storage area for blood to be It is a storage area for blood to be held until it is pumped into the Right held until it is pumped into the Right VentricleVentricle

The valve between the Right Atrium The valve between the Right Atrium and the Right Ventricle is the and the Right Ventricle is the Atrioventricular ValveAtrioventricular Valve

Right VentricleRight Ventricle

The Right Ventricle is larger than the The Right Ventricle is larger than the Right AtriumRight Atrium

The Right Ventricle pumps blood into The Right Ventricle pumps blood into the Pulmonary Arteries that go to the the Pulmonary Arteries that go to the lungslungs

The valve between the Right The valve between the Right Ventricle and the Pulmonary Arteries Ventricle and the Pulmonary Arteries is the Semilunar Valveis the Semilunar Valve

Pulmonary ArteriesPulmonary Arteries

The Pulmonary Arteries deliver blood The Pulmonary Arteries deliver blood to the Right and Left Lungsto the Right and Left Lungs

The Arteries become smaller The Arteries become smaller ArteriolesArterioles

The Arterioles slowly become smaller The Arterioles slowly become smaller Arterial CapillariesArterial Capillaries

OsmosisOsmosis

Waste gases (carbon dioxide/Lactic Acid)are Waste gases (carbon dioxide/Lactic Acid)are delivered in blood from the Pulmonary Arteries delivered in blood from the Pulmonary Arteries

Osmosis is the process of gases moving from Osmosis is the process of gases moving from levels of high pressure to areas having lower levels of high pressure to areas having lower pressurepressure

Osmosis takes place in the Alveolis of the Osmosis takes place in the Alveolis of the LungsLungs

Humans inhale gas that is mostly OxygenHumans inhale gas that is mostly Oxygen Humans exhale gas that is mostly Carbon Humans exhale gas that is mostly Carbon

Dioxide (sometimes it has Lactic Acid in it also Dioxide (sometimes it has Lactic Acid in it also if you are exercising)if you are exercising)

OsmosisOsmosis

Gases change places in the Alveolis Gases change places in the Alveolis because the pressure is greater in the because the pressure is greater in the opposing areasopposing areas

Capillaries are microscopic blood Capillaries are microscopic blood vessels carrying only one red blood cell vessels carrying only one red blood cell at a timeat a time

Capillary walls are very thinCapillary walls are very thinBecause of the thin capillary walls, gas Because of the thin capillary walls, gas

can go through them to the other sidecan go through them to the other side

Gas ExchangeGas Exchange

Carbon Dioxide exchanges places Carbon Dioxide exchanges places with Oxygen within the lung’s alveoliwith Oxygen within the lung’s alveoli

Humans then exhale the waste gases Humans then exhale the waste gases of Carbon Dioxide and Lactic Acidof Carbon Dioxide and Lactic Acid

Oxygen is taken into the microscopic Oxygen is taken into the microscopic capillaries back to larger venules and capillaries back to larger venules and then to the Pulmonary Veinsthen to the Pulmonary Veins

Pulmonary VeinsPulmonary Veins

These veins are the only place in the These veins are the only place in the Human Body where oxygenated Human Body where oxygenated blood travels.blood travels.

All other veins in the Human Body All other veins in the Human Body carry only deoxygenated bloodcarry only deoxygenated blood

Pulmonary Veins lead the newly Pulmonary Veins lead the newly oxygenated blood back to the Left oxygenated blood back to the Left AtriumAtrium

Left AtriumLeft Atrium

The Left Atrium is larger than the The Left Atrium is larger than the Right AtriumRight Atrium

The Left Atrium contracts to move The Left Atrium contracts to move oxygenated blood to the Left oxygenated blood to the Left VentricleVentricle

The valve blood leaves through to The valve blood leaves through to the Left Ventricle is the Mitrol Valvethe Left Ventricle is the Mitrol Valve

Left VentricleLeft Ventricle

The Left Ventricle is the largest, The Left Ventricle is the largest, strongest, thickest Chamber in the strongest, thickest Chamber in the Human HeartHuman Heart

The Left Ventricle contracts with greater The Left Ventricle contracts with greater force than any of the other Chambersforce than any of the other Chambers

The Left Ventricle contracts strong The Left Ventricle contracts strong enough to create “Blood Pressure” enough to create “Blood Pressure” thoughout all of the bodies Arteriesthoughout all of the bodies Arteries

Blood leaves the Heart though the Blood leaves the Heart though the Aortic Valve into the AorteaAortic Valve into the Aortea

AortaAorta

The Aorta is the largest, strongest Artery The Aorta is the largest, strongest Artery in the Human Bodyin the Human Body

There are three parts to the Human AortaThere are three parts to the Human Aorta

The Ascending Aorta, The Aortic Arch, and The Ascending Aorta, The Aortic Arch, and the Descending Aortathe Descending Aorta

In the Aortic Arch, Three Arteries branch offIn the Aortic Arch, Three Arteries branch off

11 The Right Subclavian or Brachial ArteryThe Right Subclavian or Brachial Artery

22 The Common Carotid ArteryThe Common Carotid Artery

33 The Left Subclavian, or Brachial ArteryThe Left Subclavian, or Brachial Artery

Carotid ArteriesCarotid Arteries

The Carotid Arteries deliver The Carotid Arteries deliver oxygenated blood to the Brain on oxygenated blood to the Brain on both sides of the neck (Left and Right both sides of the neck (Left and Right Carotid Arteries)Carotid Arteries)

The two Carotid Arteries branch off of The two Carotid Arteries branch off of the Common Carotid Arterythe Common Carotid Artery

Blood returning to the Superior Vena Blood returning to the Superior Vena Cava come from the Jugular Veins Cava come from the Jugular Veins (left and right)(left and right)

Brachial ArteriesBrachial Arteries

The Right and Left Brachial Arteries The Right and Left Brachial Arteries deliver oxygenated blood to both deliver oxygenated blood to both upper armsupper arms

From the Brachial Arteries come the From the Brachial Arteries come the Radial ArteriesRadial Arteries

Descending AortaDescending Aorta

The Descending Aorta delivers The Descending Aorta delivers oxygenated blood to the inferior oxygenated blood to the inferior parts of the bodyparts of the body

NodesNodes

The Human Heart has two Nodes that The Human Heart has two Nodes that aid in the contractions of the Chambersaid in the contractions of the Chambers

The Sinoarterial Node is found in the The Sinoarterial Node is found in the superior section of the Right Atriumsuperior section of the Right Atrium

The Atrioventricular Node is found The Atrioventricular Node is found between the Right Atrium and Right between the Right Atrium and Right VentricleVentricle

Nodes have electrical power to cause Nodes have electrical power to cause the Chambers to contract in a timely the Chambers to contract in a timely manner.manner.

Blood PressuresBlood Pressures

DistoleDistole Happens when the Atriums contract and Happens when the Atriums contract and

push blood into the ventriclespush blood into the ventricles Does not take a large amount of pressure Does not take a large amount of pressure

to do thisto do this SystoleSystole Happens when the Ventricles contract and Happens when the Ventricles contract and

push blood out of the heartpush blood out of the heart Takes a tremendous amount of pressure to Takes a tremendous amount of pressure to

pump blood into the Aortapump blood into the Aorta

Coronary ArteriesCoronary Arteries

The Heart has 4 major Coronary ArteriesThe Heart has 4 major Coronary Arteries Bring blood to the Heart “Muscle”Bring blood to the Heart “Muscle” Blood inside the 4 chambers does not feed the Blood inside the 4 chambers does not feed the

Heart tissue with needed oxygenHeart tissue with needed oxygen Coronary Arteries are where Plaque or Cholesterol Coronary Arteries are where Plaque or Cholesterol

usually collectsusually collects The main Coronary Artery is nicknamed the The main Coronary Artery is nicknamed the

“Widow Maker” due to the amount of Heart “Widow Maker” due to the amount of Heart Attacks men of early years sufferedAttacks men of early years suffered

Blocked Coronary Arteries can be repaired by Blocked Coronary Arteries can be repaired by cleaning out the Plaque or Cholesterol “stuck” cleaning out the Plaque or Cholesterol “stuck” therethere

Arteries vs. VeinsArteries vs. Veins

All Arteries in your body lead away from All Arteries in your body lead away from the Heartthe Heart

All Veins in your body lead to the HeartAll Veins in your body lead to the Heart The only Artery that does not carry The only Artery that does not carry

“oxygenated” blood is the Pulmonary “oxygenated” blood is the Pulmonary Artery Artery

The Pulmonary Artery takes de-The Pulmonary Artery takes de-oxygenated blood from the Right Ventricle oxygenated blood from the Right Ventricle to the Lungs to drop off Waste Gasesto the Lungs to drop off Waste Gases

The Pulmonary Vein brings back The Pulmonary Vein brings back oxygenated blood from the lungsoxygenated blood from the lungs

Arterioles vs VeinulesArterioles vs Veinules

Arterioles are smaller Arteries that Arterioles are smaller Arteries that branch off main Arteriesbranch off main Arteries

Veinules are smaller Veins that branch Veinules are smaller Veins that branch off main Veinsoff main Veins

Capillaries are microscopic blood Capillaries are microscopic blood vessels where only one blood cell can vessels where only one blood cell can fit through at any one timefit through at any one time

You have veinus and arterial You have veinus and arterial capillariescapillaries

Circulatory SystemCirculatory System

Blood leaving the Heart through the Aorta will Blood leaving the Heart through the Aorta will take about 20-30 seconds to return to the take about 20-30 seconds to return to the HeartHeart

Blood leaving Aorta will branch off and go Blood leaving Aorta will branch off and go different directions every time it leaves the different directions every time it leaves the HeartHeart

All blood returning to the Heart travels through All blood returning to the Heart travels through the Liver first to be refinedthe Liver first to be refined

All blood has to go through these organs every All blood has to go through these organs every time it circulates: Heart, Lungs, Liver, Kidneystime it circulates: Heart, Lungs, Liver, Kidneys

Otherwise, blood does not go to every cell in Otherwise, blood does not go to every cell in the bodythe body

Heart NodesHeart Nodes

The Heart has it’s own “firing” sequenceThe Heart has it’s own “firing” sequenceThis Sequence is called Sinus Rhythm This Sequence is called Sinus Rhythm If the correct Sequence does not happen If the correct Sequence does not happen

the contractions of the Heart are called the contractions of the Heart are called FibrillationFibrillation

Nodes are very similar to “Heart Nodes are very similar to “Heart Batteries”Batteries”

Nodes send out electrical signals for Nodes send out electrical signals for different Chambers to contract in the different Chambers to contract in the correct ordercorrect order

Sinoatrial NodeSinoatrial Node

The Sinoartrial Node is in the Right The Sinoartrial Node is in the Right Atrium wallAtrium wall

The Sinoarteral Node causes the The Sinoarteral Node causes the Atriums to contract pushing blood Atriums to contract pushing blood into the ventriclesinto the ventricles

The Sinoarteral Node is also known The Sinoarteral Node is also known as the “Pacemaker”as the “Pacemaker”

Atrioventricular NodeAtrioventricular Node

The Atrioventricular Node is in the The Atrioventricular Node is in the walls between the Right Atrium and walls between the Right Atrium and Right VentricleRight Ventricle

The Atrioventricular Node causes the The Atrioventricular Node causes the Ventricles to contract Ventricles to contract

Blood leaves the Right Ventricle and Blood leaves the Right Ventricle and goes through the Right and Left goes through the Right and Left Pulmonary Arteries into the LungsPulmonary Arteries into the Lungs

Heart ValvesHeart Valves

Heart Valves are created in a way Heart Valves are created in a way that blood can only go “One Way”that blood can only go “One Way”

Blood should not ever flow Blood should not ever flow backwards backwards

The Heart Valves should have The Heart Valves should have “integrity”“integrity”

Or be “blood proof” Or be “blood proof”

Tricuspid ValvesTricuspid Valves

Tricuspid Valves are found between Tricuspid Valves are found between the Ventricles and the Atriumsthe Ventricles and the Atriums

Tricuspid Valves have three folds of Tricuspid Valves have three folds of tissuetissue

There is not very much pressure There is not very much pressure exerted on these Valves because exerted on these Valves because blood does not move very farblood does not move very far

Semilunar ValvesSemilunar Valves

You have a Semilunar Valve between You have a Semilunar Valve between the Ventricles and the Blood Vessels the Ventricles and the Blood Vessels leaving the Heartleaving the Heart

The Pulmonary Valve and the Aortic The Pulmonary Valve and the Aortic Valves are Semilunar type ValvesValves are Semilunar type Valves

Semilunar Valves have two folds of Semilunar Valves have two folds of tissuetissue