April 29th Starter1.Write in planner2.Take out piece of paper and pen/pencil for notes.3.What comes to mind when you hear:

• Hitler wanted to create a superior race of “pure Germans,” called the Aryan RaceJews, Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, mentally and

physically disabled, homosexuals, communists, Poles, Russians, Ukrainians,

political opponents

• Anti-Semitism: hostility towards or discrimination against Jews

First Solution (1933 – 1938): Persecution

• Boycott of Jewish businesses began in 1933

SA pickets, wearing boycott signs, block the entrance to a Jewish-owned shop. The signs read: "Germans, defend yourselves against the Jewish atrocity propaganda, buy only at German shops!" and "Germans, defend yourselves, buy only at German shops!"

Two Nazi stormtroopers stand guard in front of the H. L. Heimann store in Bopfingen, to prevent would-be shoppers from violating the Nazi boycott of Jewish-owned businesses.

• Anti-Jewish Laws– Fired from public service jobs– Not allowed to attend public

schools– Where they could live and travel

was limited

• 1935: Nuremberg Laws passed– Defined who was a Jew– Said Jews were not citizens

The fire department only made sure the fire did not spread to the building next to the synagogue

View of the interior of the Essenweinstrasse synagogue in Nuremberg following its destruction during Kristallnacht.

• 1935-1938: Subtle pressure to force Jews to leave Germany

• Germans bought up Jewish businesses for ½ its worth

 

• 1938: persecution becomes more aggressive– Jewish property taken– Forced to take on Israel and

Sarah as middle names– Forced to wear the yellow star

Second Solution (1939-1941): Isolation

• Jews relocated to ghettos– food rations and living

conditions were very poor– Warsaw, Poland –

largest ghetto

•Many transferred to labor/concentration camps

• Einsatzgruppen: mobile killing squads used in Poland and Russia

Final Solution (1942): genocide

• Wannsee Conference January 20, 1942 – Nazi Officials come up with “final solution” to exterminate all Jews

6 major death camps created: Treblinka, Chelmno, Sobibor, Maidanek, Auschwitz-Birkenau, and Belzec

Jews from the Lodz ghetto board deportation trains for the Chelmno death camp

Hundreds of Jews wait to board deportation trains at the railroad station in Würzburg. Their luggage and bed rolls are piled in the center of the platform.

“Work makes one free”

• Gas Chambers– Many victims did not know of their

upcoming death, referred to as baths/showers

– Carbon monoxide and Zyklon B were used as poison

•  

Majdanek:The rear side of a gas chamber. The furnace to the right was used to create carbon monoxide for gassing prisoners.

Human remains found in the Dachau concentration camp crematorium after liberation. Germany, April 1945.

(Above) Bales of hair shaven from women at Auschwitz, used to make felt-yarn.

(Below) After liberation, an Allied soldier displays a stash of gold wedding rings taken from victims at Buchenwald.

•  1944-1945 camps began to be liberated by Allies

• Video and pictures taken to document the atrocities

“In Germany, the Nazis came for the Communists and I didn’t speak up because I wasn’t a Communist. Then they came for the Jews, and I didn’t speak up because I wasn’t a Jew. Then they came for the trade unionists, and I didn’t speak up because I wasn’t a trade unionist. Then they came for the Catholics, but I didn’t speak up because I was a Protestant. Then they came for me, and by that time there was no one left to speak for me.”

• ~Martin Niemoller