THE HISTORY OF THE THE HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES 3 UNITED STATES 3

SEMINARSEMINARSEMINAR 4

THE AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

REVIEW QUESTIONSREVIEW QUESTIONS

What factors impacted Indians on the plains?

Were the treaties helpful for the Indians? (Fraudulent treaties)

What were the causes of the Indian Wars?Describe the dual interpretation of

Custer’s last stand Pyrrhic victoryThe U.S. government did nothing to help

the Indians. True?

INTERPRETING HISTORICAL INTERPRETING HISTORICAL EVENTSEVENTS

Custer should be convicted for genocide: high number of casualties, did not honor the agreement between US and Indians, unexpected attack

Custer should not be convicted for genocideWar is not one sided,US Cavalry protected the

settlers spreading civilization,

IMAGINARY STATEMENTS FROM IMAGINARY STATEMENTS FROM HISTORICAL CHARACTERSHISTORICAL CHARACTERS

--I keep standing in cold water all day, and I never find anything worthwile—

--sure, the law says I can have land for free, but look at it, I can hardly plough it—

--I cannot believe how much the farmers,miners, and prospectors ruin our land—

--I could not help it, imagine being surrounded by 2000 whooping Indians--

THE AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL THE AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION

1865-19151876: Centennial ExhibitionThe American invents as the Greek

sculpted and the Italian painted—It is genius

The U.S. starts to become an urbanized nation

THE AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL THE AMERICAN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONREVOLUTION

Iron production (Mesabi iron deposits)Natural resources, coal, ironRailroadsSteel for the railsConnects buyer and sellerIndustrial centers in the west are

accessiblePromotes the development of big cities

ELI WHITNEYELI WHITNEY

Cotton gin (engine)Earlier: gun maker, New Haven CTGuns put together in stages, workers

perform one taskForerunner of mass productionAmerican system

CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRYCAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY

Andrew Carnegie-Scottish background, immigrates in 1848Work experience: cotton mill, telegraph

office, railroadBuilds steel mill, founder of U.S. Steel Corp.

USXPhilantropist: Carnegie HallThe Gospel of WealthHoratio Alger, rags to riches storiesPulling yourself up by your bootstraps—

Selfmade man

CAPTAINS OF INDUSTRYCAPTAINS OF INDUSTRY

John D. RockefellerStandard Oil, later ESSO, then EXXONI’ll pay no one a profitThe public be damned-William H.

VanderbiltCaveat emptor (buyer beware)—caveat

vendor (seller beware)-consumer protection

HENRY FORDHENRY FORD

Mass productionModel T. The customer can have any color

that he wants as long as it is black (1913)Standardization, moving assembly lineInternal combustion engine

LIMITING COMPETITIONLIMITING COMPETITION

Formation of trustsHorizontal integration: buying competitorsVertical integration: buying companies

that produce goods needed for businessAnti-Trust lawsSherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890

THOMAS A. EDISONTHOMAS A. EDISON

Practical solutions for practical problems (barbed wire (Glidden), sewing machine (Singer)

Edison: uses scientific principles to solve everyday problems

There is no substitute for hard work-myth of the inventor (no serendipity)

Main inventions: practical use of electricity, incandescent light bulb

RISE OF EARLY INFORMATION RISE OF EARLY INFORMATION SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

1876 March 10: Watson come here, I want you-Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone American Telephone and Telegraph

How did information travel earlier?-mail-Samuel Morse (1844) across wires,

instant communication1860: Pony Express

TELEPHONETELEPHONE

Speaking telegraphElimination of distancesFoundation of information systems

needed for the industrial societyNeeds served: increasingly specialized

production, placement of orders,market related information (prices, markets, supply sources)

THE TYPEWRITER AND OTHER THE TYPEWRITER AND OTHER BUSINESS MACHINESBUSINESS MACHINES

Forerunner: C. Latham Sholes-automatic numbering system

1868: Patenting the typewriter1870: Remington Arms Co. mass

productionGradually accepted by the business world1872: Carbon paper, invented for copying1890: Alfred Dick invents the

mimeograph-forerunner of photocopying