The history of the United States 1877-1945 Lecture 1 András Tarnóc PhD.
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Transcript of The history of the United States 1877-1945 Lecture 1 András Tarnóc PhD.
The history of the United The history of the United States 1877-1945States 1877-1945
Lecture 1András Tarnóc PhD
The rise of Modern AmericaThe rise of Modern America
Reconstruction 1865-77What to do with the seceded states?What to do with the freed slaves?Presidential Reconstruction v.
Congressional Reconstruction
Congressional ReconstructionCongressional Reconstruction
Punish the South for secessionState suicide theory-conquered territoriesIronclad oathStrong protection for black civil rights
Presidential ReconstructionPresidential Reconstruction
More lenient attitude toward the South„With malice toward none: with charity for
all”States did not secede, were misled10 percent governments Re-admission into the Union
African-AmericansAfrican-Americans
1865: Freedmen’s BureauThirteenth AmendmentFourteenth Amendment: citizenship, equal
protection of lawsFifteenth Amendment: black men receive
the right to vote
Evaluation of the ReconstructionEvaluation of the Reconstruction
Presidential Reconstruction is victoriousAndrew Johnson: a weaker President,
problems with Congress, impeachmentCompromise of 1877Unfinished Revolution (Eric Foner)
The New SouthThe New South
Freedom from paralyzing nostalgiaCreating a new region and new society
with small farms, successful industries, and busy cities
Spokesman: Henry Grady, editor of the Atlanta Constitution
The New South CreedThe New South Creed
“The Old South rested on slavery and agriculture, unconscious that these could neither give nor maintain healthy growth. The New South presents a perfect democracy […] a hundred farms for every plantation, fifty homes for every palace―a diversified industry that meets the complex need of this complex age”
The promotion of industryThe promotion of industry
Textile industryTobacco Industry Washington DukeLumbering, wood industry Georgia pinesHydro-electric powerPetroleum industry
Agriculture in the SouthAgriculture in the South
Under developed areaMain crops, tobacco, cotton, sugar remainAbsentee landownershipTenant farmingShare croppingCycle of poverty
The Bourbon SouthThe Bourbon South
Insistence on old waysBlack Codes limiting former slaves’
freedomThe formation of the Ku Klux KlanPoll tax, literacy or understanding testsGrandfather clause
SegregationSegregation
A legally justified separation of the racesPlessy v. Ferguson 1896 „Separate but
equal”Jim Crow lawsPsychological, social, economic crisisPaul Lawrence Dunbar: „caged bird”
syndrome
Directions for the Black Directions for the Black communitycommunity
Booker T. WashingtonAccommodationist, slave mother, white
fatherUp from SlaveryBlack should not antagonize whites, “cast
down your bucket where you are[…]cast it down in agriculture, mechanics, in commerce, in domestic service and in the professions”
Directions for the Black Directions for the Black communitycommunity
W. E. B. DuboisFree parentsInsistence on higher educationTalented Tenth
The New WestThe New West
The Great American Desert is convertedNatural resources: gold in California, silver
in Nevada, copper in Arizona1849 California Gold Rush, gold found at
Sutter’s Mill, near the American RiverThe organization of the territories into
states 1864-1912 the continental forty eight states are completed
The Indian WarsThe Indian Wars
1830 Andrew Jackson, Indian Removal Act1831 Domestic dependent nation1838 Trail of Tears1864 Sand Creek Massacre1867 Medicine Lodge ConferenceKiowa, Comanche, Arapaho, Cheyenne
accept lands in Western OklahomaSioux in Black Hills of the Dakota territory1876: Custer’s Last Stand, the battle of Little
Big Horn
Efforts to deal with the IndiansEfforts to deal with the Indians
1887 Dawes Severalty Actintroduces individual landownership Christianitytribal self-government Indian society in crisis, “the vanishing
American”