The History of Psychology. Psychology What does it mean? Inner sensations- mental processes...
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Transcript of The History of Psychology. Psychology What does it mean? Inner sensations- mental processes...
![Page 1: The History of Psychology. Psychology What does it mean? Inner sensations- mental processes Observable behavior.](https://reader030.fdocuments.net/reader030/viewer/2022032612/56649ebb5503460f94bc3de6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The History of Psychology
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Psychology
• What does it mean?
Inner sensations- mental processes
Observable behavior
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Psychology: A Definition
The science of behavior and mental
processes.
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Pre- PsychologySocrates and Plato
-the mind and the body are separate – Dualism
-knowledge is innateAristotle
-Everything comes from experience stored in memory-Mind and body are inseparable-
Monism
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Pre- PsychologyRene Descartes
-Brain cavity contains animal spirits that flow through nerves to muscles
Francis Bacon-science should be based on
experiments, experience, and common-sense
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Pre- PsychologyJohn Locke
-The mind is a “blank slate” and everything is based on experience
-Observation and experimentation should be the basis for scientific knowledge
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Start of Psychology
• Wilhelm Wundt– The “father of psychology” – opened
first psychology lab in Liepzig,Germany (Dec. 1879)
– Introspection - people self reflect (internally) and report what they experience
– Founded Structuralism – reveal the structure of the brain using introspection
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Start of Psychology
• William James– Argued you can’t break things down to
simple– Need to look at bigger and more
complete components and functions– Founded Functionalism - explored how
mental and behavioral processes function
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• Biology versus Experience• Am I the way I am because I was
born that way or because of my surroundings?
Nature v. Nurture
Can I ever be like these people, or does nature give me limitations?
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Psychology’s Perspectives
The Big Seven
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Neuroscience Perspective
• Focus on how the physical body and brain creates our emotions, memories and sensory experiences.
If you could not remember the names of your parents and went to a psychologist who adheres to the neuroscience perspective, what might they say?
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Evolutionary Perspective
• Focuses on Darwinism.
• We behave the way we do because we inherited those behaviors.
• Thus, those behaviors must have helped ensure our ancestors survival. How could this behavior
ensured Homer’s ancestors survival?
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Psychodynamic Perspective
• Fathered by Sigmund Freud.
• Our behavior comes from unconscious drives.
• Usually stemming from our childhood.
What might a psychoanalyst say is the reason someone always needs to be chewing gum?
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Behavioral Perspective
• Focuses on our OBSERVABLE behaviors.
• Only cares about the behaviors that impair our living, and attempts to change them.
If you bit your fingernails when you were nervous, a behaviorist would not focus on calming you down, but rather focus on how to stop you from biting your nails.
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Cognitive Perspective• Focuses on how we
think (or encode information)
• How do we see the world?
• How did we learn to act to sad or happy events?
• Cognitive Therapist attempt to change the way you think.
Meet girl Get Rejected by girl
Did you learn to be depressed
Or get back on the horse
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Social-Cultural Perspective• Focus on how your culture effects
your behavior.
Even in the same high school, behaviors can change in accordance to the various subcultures.
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Humanistic Perspective• Focuses on positive growth• Attempt to seek self-actualization• Therapists use active listening and
unconditional positive regard.
Mr. Rogers would have made a great Humanistic Therapist!!!
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