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The History of Presbyterianism in the United States Part 7: Recovering Lost Ground B – “The...
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Transcript of The History of Presbyterianism in the United States Part 7: Recovering Lost Ground B – “The...
The History of Presbyterianismin the United States
Part 7: Recovering Lost GroundB – “The Split Ps” and “The End of the Civil
War”
Master TimelineUnited States Europe
• 1620 – Mayflower lands• 1730s-1743 – 1st Great Awakening• 1776-1783 – American Rev.• 1790-1840 – 2nd Great Awakening• 1830 – Book of Mormon• 1850-1900 – 3rd Great Awakening• 1861-1865 – American Civil War• 1870 – Scottish Common Sense• 1889 – Moody Bible Institute• 1891 – Briggs’ address• 1909 – Scofield Reference Bible• 1910 – Pres. G.A.: 5 Fundamentals• 1914-1919 – World War I• 1922 – “Shall Fund.s Win?”• 1923 – The Auburn Affirmation• 1925 – The Scopes Trial• 1929 – Westminster Theo.
Seminary• 1936 – Orthodox Presbyterian Ch.• 1936 – John Mackay, Princeton
Sem.
• 1643 – Westminster Confession of Faith• 1650-1800 – Age of European
Enlightenment& of Scottish Common Sense
Philosophy• 1770s-1900 – Rise of German Higher
Criticism• 1789-1799 – French Revolution• 1827 – Plymouth Brethren begin meeting• 1833 – Slavery Abolition Act of England• 1859 - Charles Darwin – Origin of Species• 1862-77 – Darby travels to the United
States• 1919 – Rise of Neo-Orthodoxy
United States (cont.)
1937 – Death of J. Gresham Machen - Bible Presbyterian Ch. (McIntyre)1955, 1960 – Inherit the Wind 1966 – RTS, Jackson, MI1967 – Confession of ‘67, Book of Confessions1973 – PCA
The Auburn
Affirmation, 1923
The Foreign Missions Crisis, 1936
The Change Made at
Princeton Seminary,
1929
last half of the 20th century
Ernest Trice Thompson, 1894-1985Prof. of Church HistoryUnion Seminary, Richmond, VA
The Changing South and the PCUS:Two key moments in southern history:1) colonial period – met by the Baptists2) 19th c. – won by Methodists
The 20th c. should be the Presbyterian moment!
H&M
The Auburn
Affirmation, 1923
The Foreign Missions Crisis, 1936
The Change Made at
Princeton Seminary,
1929
last half of the 20th centuryWilliam Cameron Townsend
Billy Graham
Meanwhile, …•The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
(ARP)
Meanwhile, …•The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
(ARP)▫Its seminary, Erskine, was significantly affected
by Neo-Orthodoxy in the ‘60s▫The church gained control of the seminary
board and ejected Neo-Orthodoxy later, reaffirming commitment to inerrancy and confessionalism.
Meanwhile, …•The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
(ARP)•Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical
Synod▫A denomination with “Covenanter” roots as
well as roots going through the formation of the OPC by way of the Bible Presbyterian Church.
▫Merged with the PCA in 1982, bringing with it: Covenant College Covenant Seminary
▫The original denominational affiliation of NCPC.
Meanwhile, …•The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
(ARP)•Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical
Synod•Orthodox Presbyterian Church
▫Continues to focus on a clear distinction between Reformed doctrine and fundamentalism.
▫Maintains a commitment to Old School Presbyterianism.
▫Created Great Commission Publications, along with the PCA, which created the Trinity Hymnal, etc.
Meanwhile, …•The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
(ARP)•Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical
Synod•Orthodox Presbyterian Church•Reformed Presbyterian Church, North
America▫Holds forth its historic, “Covenanter” roots▫Continues in worship with Psalms only &
without instruments▫Has seen slow but steady growth since 1980.
Meanwhile, …•The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
(ARP)•Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical
Synod•Orthodox Presbyterian Church•Reformed Presbyterian Church, North
America•Bible Presbyterian Church
•Bible Presbyterian Church▫Split off from the OPC, 1937
Established original Covenant College & Seminary
▫Split again in 1957 led by Francis Schaeffer and Jay Adams Eventually wound up merging with RPCES =>
PCA▫Split again in 1979▫Split again in 2008
The Bible Presbyterian Church1936
1937
1957
2008
PC of A => Orthodox Presbyterian Church
Bible Presbyterian Church
Bible Presbyterian Church, Collingswood SynodBible Presbyterian Church,Columbus Synod
Bible Presbyterian Church, =>Columbus Synod
EvangelicalPresbyterian Church (1961)
EvangelicalPresbyterian Church (1961)
Reformed Presbyterian ChurchGeneral Synod
Reformed Presbyterian ChurchEvangelical Synod
1979Bible Presbyterian Church, Collingswood Synod American Presbyterian
ChurchBible Presbyterian Church, Collingswood Synod
Faith Presbytery, Bible Presbyterian Church
Carl McIntire, 1906-2002
McIntire was "a classic example of abrilliant and winsome man who chosehis battles badly. Unyielding on petty issues, he divided where division was both unnecessary and costly to the very causes he championed. Too often, he seemed to love the fight more than the very valid issues over which the fights raged.”
Joel Belz, World Magazine
Meanwhile, …•The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
(ARP)•Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical
Synod•Orthodox Presbyterian Church•Reformed Presbyterian Church, North
America•Bible Presbyterian Church•United Presbyterian Church, USA
▫Progression among Feminists
Walter Wynn Kenyon
• Expressed a conscientious objection to participation in services of ordination for women.
• Pittsburgh Presbytery narrowly approved his ordination.
• A complaint to the Permanent Judicial Commission of the G.A. overturned the ruling in 1975.“[I]t is the responsibility of our Church to deny ordination
to one who has refused the ordination of women,”•1979 – G.A. ruled that all congregations must
elect men and women to the office of ruling elder.
40 churches leave includingTenth Presbyterian Church, Phil., PA
Dr. James Boice
Dr. Don Barnhouse
Meanwhile, …•The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
(ARP)•Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical
Synod•Orthodox Presbyterian Church•Reformed Presbyterian Church, North
America•Bible Presbyterian Church•United Presbyterian Church, USA
▫Progression among Feminists▫Test of the Confession of 1967
Mansfield Kaseman•National Capital Union Presbyterydetermines to receive a UCC ministerwho denied the deity of Christ, his sinless
natureand bodily resurrection.Question: “Is Jesus
God?”Answer: “No, God is God.”
Local Churches in that Conflict:•Wallace Memorial Presbyterian Church
▫Hyattsville, MD, Pastor Glen Knecht•Church of the Atonement
▫Silver Spring, MD•Babcock Presbyterian Church
▫Towson, MD
Dr. John Gerstner
Prof., Pittsburgh Seminary
Mansfield Kaseman•National Capital Union Presbyterydetermines to receive a UCC ministerwho denied the deity of Christ, his sinless
natureand bodily resurrection.
•The complaint to the Permanent Judicial Commission was denied. Kaseman’s beliefs were within the “acceptable range of interpretation” of the church’s confessions.
Question: “Is Jesus God?”Answer: “No, God is God.”
Local Churches in that Conflict:•Wallace Memorial Presbyterian Church
▫Hyattsville, MD, Pastor Glen Knecht•Church of the Atonement
▫Silver Spring, MD•Babcock Presbyterian Church
▫Towson, MD
Kiss the Son, lest he be angry, and ye perish from the way, when his wrath is kindled but a little. Blessed are all they that put their trust in him. (Ps. 2:12)
Dr. John Gerstner
Prof., Pittsburgh Seminary
Meanwhile, …•The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
(ARP)•Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical
Synod•Orthodox Presbyterian Church•Reformed Presbyterian Church, North
America•Bible Presbyterian Church•United Presbyterian Church, USA
▫Progression among Feminists▫Test of the Confession of 1967▫Homosexual Agenda
New York Presbytery
•1976 – Petition made to G.A. for guidance re: ordaining a “person who is an avowed homosexual, and is well qualified in every other part of the trials for ordination.”
•1978 – G.A. voted overwhelmingly that “unrepentant homosexual practice does not accord with the requirements of ordination as set forth in the Book of Order.”
Meanwhile, …•The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP)•Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical Synod•Orthodox Presbyterian Church•Reformed Presbyterian Church, North America•Bible Presbyterian Church•United Presbyterian Church, USA
▫Progression among Feminists▫Test of the Confession of 1967▫Homosexual Agenda▫Church Property rights – both northern and southern
churches amend a “loophole” in their constitutions to secure ownership of individual church property.
Meanwhile, …•The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
(ARP)•Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical
Synod•Orthodox Presbyterian Church•Reformed Presbyterian Church, North
America•Bible Presbyterian Church•United Presbyterian Church, USA•Evangelical Presbyterian Church, 1981
Evangelical Presbyterian Church•75 ministers representing 12 churches leave
PCUSA•Adopted a modern-language version of the
Westminster Standards as well as a list of “Essentials to Our Faith”.
• Individual congregations are free:▫to elect women elders▫to determine worship style,▫to exercise charismatic gifts.
• It has become the “preferred” denomination for continuing individual “refugee” Presbyterian congregations.
Meanwhile, …•The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church
(ARP)•Reformed Presbyterian Church, Evangelical
Synod•Orthodox Presbyterian Church•Reformed Presbyterian Church, North
America•Bible Presbyterian Church•United Presbyterian Church, USA•Evangelical Presbyterian Church, 1981•1983 – Union with the UPCUSA to form the
PCUSA
The Union of the“Mainline” Presbyterians
“For mainline American Presbyterians, the Civil War finally ended on June 10, 1983. The reunion was held in Atlanta, GA, where the division began in 1861.”
“The first Assembly affirmed the rights of minorities and women in the church, … and the moderator … stressed the need for the united church to be ‘affirming’ homosexuals.”
H&M
Decades ofSerious Declinein the PCUSA
•from 1967-1983: from 4.2 million members to 3.2 million.
•from 1983-2003: from 3.2 million to 2.45 million.
•In 2012: 1.849 million“Cynics predicted that if the rate of decline
continued, the mainline Presbyterian Church would disappear before its 350th anniversary.”
H&M
New CovenantPresbyterian Church
Preaching God’s Sovereign Grace
to a World of Need128 St. Mary’s Church Rd.,
Abingdon, MD 21009410-569-0289
www.ncpres.orgwww.ephesians515.com