Royal Power Notes

The student will demonstrate knowledge of social, economic, and political changes and cultural achievements in the late medieval period by Describing the emergence

of nation-states and distinctive political developments in each

Identify patterns of crisis and recovery related to the Black Death

Questions How did European nation-

states expand their territories and consolidate their power?

How did the Black Death alter economic and social institutions in much of Asia and then in Europe?

Had Domesday Book compiled 1086 census, listed every castle, field, and pigpen in England (tax collecting system)▪ Called that because no one

could escape▪ Helped William plan taxes▪ Created a royal exchequer,

or treasury

Battle of Hastings William the Conqueror defeated Harold and assumed the crown of England

Led the Norman conquest

United England

Exerted firm control over his lands

Granted fiefs to the church and his Norman lords

Monitored the building of castles

Required every vassal to swear first allegiance to him

Broadened system of royal justice Reigned from 1154- 1189 A.D. Energetic and well-educated Increased criminal cases heard

by King

Common Law decisions of royal courts, law that was the same for all people

Jury System a group of men sworn to speak the truth, determined which cases should be brought to trial Established early jury system, group

of men sworn to speak the truth

Tried to limit role of church▪ Had Thomas a Becket

beheaded▪ Was archbishop of

Canterbury▪ Henry had to back down

from challenging the church

Married Eleanor of Aquitaine Dowry included French

lands

Henry’s son King John was clever, but greedy and cruel

Lost war against Philip II Lost land in France and

battled with Pope over Canterbury▪ gave up English lands in

Anjou and Normandy

Nobles resented growing power of the King Rebellion occurred

Signed Magna Carta (1215) Nobles had certain

rights overtime these rights were extended to all English citizens

The monarch must obey the law ▪ Basis of the right known as “due

process of law”▪ King Edward I, representative

government was developed Called the English Parliament▪ Granted taxes and passed

laws▪ Usually made of two knights

from every county

843 A.D. Carolingian Empire was divided into three sections

Frankish lands, were mainly France

987 A.D. the last Carolingian king died Kings afterwards had little

power Dukes were more powerful Royal domain only included

Paris, called Ile-de-France

Hugh Capet 987 C.E. Count of Paris who

increased royal power and built an effective bureaucracy▪ Government officials

collected taxes▪ Imposed royal law▪ Backed middle class

townspeople

Made the throne hereditary and won the support of the Church

Added to French royal lands

King Phillip Augustus (Phillip II) Reigned from 1180- 1223 Turning point for French

monarchy Waged war against

England▪ Reclaimed much of

Normandy as well as parts of Anjou

▪ Expanded territory and wealth, as well as power

By 1300 France was largest and best governed state in Europe▪ Paid middle-classmen to

government positions instead of appointing nobility

Granted charters for new towns, organized a standing army and created a national tax

By 1233 Philip was the most powerful ruler in Europe

1469 Isabella of Castile married Ferdinand of Aragon Created a unified state▪ Combined forces to

finally expel the Muslims 1492 completed the

Reconquista with the capture of Granada

Isabella ended Muslim policy of religious toleration▪ Supports the Inquisition▪ Court to accuse people

of heresy▪ Jews and Muslims

attacked and burned at the stake

▪ Isabella expelled Jews in 1492 and Muslims that didn’t convert by 1502

The Spanish Empire expanded under Charles V

Until 1480 Mongols dominated the Rus Ivan refused to pay tribute

to Mongols Wanted to create a seat

of Christian power Overthrew Mongols▪ Created centralized

government Increased Russia's

landholdings Established absolute

rule in Russia (Czar)

Black Death – Bubonic Plague

Disease spread by fleas on rats Spread from Asia to

Europe (trade routes) Fleas jumped from

rats to infest the clothes and packs of traders traveling west Took four years to reach

all parts of Europe

Unsanitary conditions in towns and homes guaranteed the disease would spread

Symptoms – swelling, black bruises, heavy sweats, & convulsive coughing People spat blood and

stank terribly (rotting flesh)

Economic Town populations fell

▪ Trade declined

Workers were scare Farmland abandoned Serfs unpaid▪ Manorial system crumbled

Peasant revolts against nobility in England, France, Italy, and Belgium

Social Pessimistic outlooks

▪ Some people turned to magic and witchcraft for cures

Massive migration

Religious Church lost prestige

▪ Clergy took advantage of performing funerals

Christians blamed the Jews for the plague

Some saw the plague as God’s punishment – beat themselves with whips to show repentance for their sins

The Hundred Years’ War

Edward III (English King) claimed the French throne in 1337

The became known as the “Hundred Years War” because it was fought on and off from 1337- 1453 C.E.

Fought mainly on French soil

At first, England won a string of victories they owed their success

to the longbow ▪ discharged three arrows at

a time and its arrows pierced all but the heaviest armor

1st victory at the Battle of Crecy August 26, 1346 C.E. English archers and

footsoldiers destroyed the arrogant French knights

Poitiers English Victory in 1347

C.E. Again English longbows

prevailed The French King and his

son were captured and held for ransom

Agincourt 1415 C.E. English Victory 6000 English versus 20-

30,000 French Success of longbow key

It looked like England would win the war French and English

had signed a treaty allowing Henry V to inherit French crown

In 1429 C.E. Joan of Arc convinced the French King to let her lead his army against the English Battle of Orleans

Unified French troops/ nation

The English captured Joan of Arc, tried her for witchcraft, and burned her at the stake

French viewed Joan as a martyr (strengthened their cause) French went on the

offensive after Joan’s death – used the cannon (new weapon) to attack the English

France – created a growing sense of nationalism in France and allowed French Kings to expand their power

England – forced the English Kings to rely heavily on Parliament to fund the war (England lost its French lands – what remained) “Power of the purse” End of the Middle Ages

The student will demonstrate knowledge of social, economic, and political changes and cultural achievements in the late medieval period by Describing the emergence

of nation-states and distinctive political developments in each

Identify patterns of crisis and recovery related to the Black Death

Questions How did European nation-

states expand their territories and consolidate their power?

How did the Black Death alter economic and social institutions in much of Asia and then in Europe?