The Heritage Institution KANYA MAHA VIDYALAYA ......M.Sc. (Physics) 2019-20 Kanya Maha Vidyalaya,...
Transcript of The Heritage Institution KANYA MAHA VIDYALAYA ......M.Sc. (Physics) 2019-20 Kanya Maha Vidyalaya,...
FACULTY OF SCIENCES
SYLLABUS
of
Master of Science (Physics)
(Semester: I -IV)
(Under Continuous Evaluation System)
Session: 2020-21
The Heritage Institution
KANYA MAHA VIDYALAYA
JALANDHAR
(Autonomous)
M.Sc. (Physics) 2019-20
Kanya Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar (Autonomous)
SCHEME AND CURRICULUM OF EXAMINATIONS OF TWO YEAR DEGREE
PROGRAMME
M.Sc. (Physics) Session-2020-21
M.Sc. (Physics) SEMESTER-I
Course Code Course Name Course
Type
Marks Exami
nation
time
(in
Hours)
Total
Ext.
CA L P
MPHL-1391 Analog and Digital
Electronics C 100 80 - 20 3
MPHL-1392 Mathematical Physics C 100 80 - 20 3
MPHL-1393 Classical Mechanics C 100 80 - 20 3
MPHL-1394 Computational
Techniques C 100
80 -
20 3
MPHP-1395 Electronics Lab C 100 - 80 20 3
MPHP-1396 Computer Lab C 100 - 80 20 3
Total 600
SEMESTER-II
Course Code Course Name Course
Type Total
Ext.
CA
Exami
nation
time
(in
Hours)
L P
MPHL-2391 Quantum Mechanics-I C 100 80 - 20 3
MPHL-2392 Electrodynamics-I C 100 80 - 20 3
MPHL-2393 Condensed Matter
Physics-I C 100
80 -
20 3
MPHL-2394 Atomic & Molecular
Spectroscopy C 100
80 -
20 3
MPHP-2395 Condensed Matter
Physics Lab -I C 100 -
80 20 3
MPHP-2396 Spectroscopy Lab C 100 - 80 20 3
Total 600
M.Sc. (Physics) 2019-20
M.Sc. (Physics) Semester-III
Course Code Course Name Course
Type
Marks Examination
Time (in
Hours) Total External CA
L P
MPHL-3391 Quantum
Mechanics-II
C 100 80 -- 20 3
MPHL-3392 Electrodynamics-II C 100 80 -- 20 3
MPHL-3393 Condensed Matter
Physics-I
C 100 80 -- 20 3
MPHL-3394 Nuclear Physics C 100 80 -- 20 3
MPHP-3395 Condensed Matter
Physics Lab-II
C 100 -- 80 20 3
MPHP-3396 Nuclear Physics Lab C 100 -- 80 20 3
M.Sc. (Physics) Semester-IV
MPHL-4391 Particle Physics C 100 80 -- 20 3
MPHL-4392 Condensed Matter
Physics-II
C 100 80 -- 20 3
MPHL-4393
(OPT-_)
Student may choose
any two subjects
from the following
list of options
C 100 80 -- 20 3
MPHL-
4394(OPT-_)
C 100 80 -- 20 3
MPHD-4395 Assignment/ Project 50 - 40 10
OPT-I Physics of Materials
OPT-II Radiation Physics
OPT-III Reactor Physics
OPT-IV Plasma Physics
OPT-V Geophysics
OPT-VI Nano Technology
OPT-VII Space Science & Astronomy
M.Sc. (Physics) 2019-20
Program Specific Outcomes: M.Sc. (Physics)
After the successful completion of the program, the student will be able to do the following
PSO 1. The Master of Science in Physics program provides the detailed functional knowledge of
the fundamental theoretical concepts and experimental methods of physics. It will help the
candidate to enhance her general competence, and analytical skills on an advanced level,
and will prepare her according to the jobs needed in education, research or public
administration.
PSO 2. The student will have the knowledge of the topics of the research conducted by researchers
at the Department of Physics, and knowledge of a well-defined area of research within
physics.
PSO 3. The student will have the understanding of the basic concepts of classical mechanics,
quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics and electricity and magnetism to appreciate how
diverse phenomena observed in nature follow from a small set of fundamental laws
through logical and mathematical reasoning.
PSO 4. The student will learn to carry out experiments in basic as well as certain advanced areas
of physics such as nuclear physics, condensed matter physics, spectroscopy, lasers and
electronics.
PSO 5. The work course of project and assignment will give the students special expertise within
one of the research areas represented at the Department of Physics which will result in
some research experience within a specific field of physics, through a supervised project.
PSO 6. The student will be able to critically apply the knowledge gained during the course to
scientific models and solve problems in the areas of electrodynamics, quantum mechanics,
classical mechanics, statistical mechanics, and advanced mathematical methods.
PSO 7. General competence The candidate will be able to
Understand the role of physics in society and know the historical development of physics,
its possibilities and limitations, and understands the value of lifelong learning.
Gather, assess, and make use of new information.
M.Sc. (Physics) 2019-20
M.SC. PHYSICS SEMESTER-I
COURSE CODE: MPHL-1391
ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
COURSE OUTCOMES
After passing this course the student will be able to:
CO 1. Understand the concept of Electronic devices (MOSFET, UJT, SCR) and their applications.
CO 2. Demonstrate the concept of Electronic circuits: Operational Amplifier and its applications
CO 3. Use concept of Digital Principles for electronic conversions.
CO 4. Demonstrate application of sequential circuits.
M.Sc. (Physics) 2019-20
SEMESTER-I
COURSE CODE: MPHL-1391
ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations,
written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the
end of the semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Paper Setters:
Eight questions of equal marks are to be set, two in each of the four Sections (A-D).
Questions of Sections A-D should be set from Units I-IV of the syllabus respectively.
Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are required to
attempt five questions, selecting at least one question from each section. The fifth question
may be attempted from any Section. Each question carries 16 marks.
UNIT-I: Electronic Devices and semiconductor Memories
MOSFETs, construction and working of U.J.T. and SCR and their application in wave generation
and power control. Types of Memories, Read/Write Memory, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, static
dynamic memory, memory cell: static RAM Memory cells, NMOS static cells.
Lectures 15
UNIT-II: Electronic Circuits: Amplifier, Operational amplifier (OP-AMP), OP-AMP as inverting and non-inverting, scalar,
summer, integrator, differentiator. Schmitt trigger and logarithmic amplifier, Electronic analog
computation circuits
Lectures 15
UNIT-III: Digital Principles:
Binary and Hexadecimal number system, Binary arithmetic, Logic gates, Boolean equation of
logic circuits, Karnaugh map simplifications for digital circuit analysis, and design, Encoders &
Decoders, Multiplexers and Demultiplexers, Parity generators and checkers, Adder-Subractor
circuits.
Lectures 15
UNIT-IV: Sequential Circuits:
Flip Flops, Registers, Up/Down counters, D/A conversion using binary weighted resistor network,
Ladder, D/A converter, A/D converter using counter, Successive approximation A/D converter.
Lectures 15
Text and Reference Books 1. Electronic Devices and Circuits by Millman and Halkias-Tata McGraw Hill, 1983.
2. Digital Principles and Applications by A.P.Malvino and D.P.Leach-Tata McGraw Hill, New
Delhi, 1986.
3. Digital Computer Electronics by A P Malvino-Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1986
4. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory 10e by Robert L. Boylestad; Louis Nashelsky 2009.
SEMESTER-I
COURSE CODE: MPHL-1392
MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
COURSE OUTCOMES OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
On completion of this course a student will be able to:
CO 1. Understand and use, advanced mathematical methods and theories on various
mathematical and physical problems.
CO 2. Identify different special mathematical functions.
CO 3. Understand Cartesian (X, Y, Z), Spherical polar (r, θ, φ) and Cylindrical (ρ, φ, z) co-
ordinate systems and their transformation equations.
CO 4. Solve partial differential equations with appropriate initial or boundary conditions with
Green function techniques
CO 5. Have confidence in solving mathematical problems arising in physics by a variety of
mathematical techniques
SEMESTER-I
COURSE CODE: MPHL-1392
MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations, written
assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the end of the
semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Paper Setters:
Eight questions of equal marks are to be set, two in each of the four Sections (A-D). Questions of
Sections A-D should be set from Units I-IV of the syllabus respectively. Questions may be
subdivided into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are required to attempt five questions,
selecting at least one question from each section. The fifth question may be attempted from any
Section. Each question carries 16 marks.
UNIT-I: Coordinates systems, Fourier and Laplace transform.
Curvillinear coordinates , Differential vector operators in curvilinear coordinates,
spherical and cylindrical systems, General coordinate transformation, Tensors:
covariant, contra variant and Mixed, Algebraic operations on tensors, Il lustrative
applications.
Fourier decomposition, Fourier series and convolution theorem, Fourier transforms
and its applications to wave theory. Laplace Transform, Laplace transform of
derivatives and integrals, Inverse Laplace transform, Application of Laplace
Transform.
20Lectures
UNIT-II: Complex analysis.
Function of a complex variables, Analytical functions and Cauchy –Riemann
conditions, Cauchy integral theorem, Cauchy integral formula, Taylor and Laurent
series, singulari ties and residues, Cauchy residue theorem, calculations of real
integrals.
10Lectures
Unit –III: Differential equations and Special Functions.
Second order differential equations, Frobenions method, wronskian and a second
solution, the Strum Liouville theorem, one dimensional Green’s function. Gamma
functions. The exponential integral and related functions, Bessel functions of the
first and second kind, Legendre polynomials, associated Legendre polynomials and
spherical harmonics, Generating functions for Bessel, Legendre and associated
Legendre functions, Hermite Functions.
20Lectures
UNIT-IV: Group theory:
Definition of a group, multiplication table, conjugate elements and classes of groups,
direct product Isomorphism, homomorphism, permutation group, definit ion of the three
dimensional rotation groups and SU(2)
10Lectures
Text and Reference Books 1. MathematicalMethodsforPhysicist by GeorgeArfken-NewYorkAcademy,1970.
2. MathematicalPhysics by P.K.Chattopadhyay,NewAgeInternational1990.
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
Semester-1
COURSE CODE: MPHL-1393
CLASSICAL MECHANICS
COURSE OUTCOMES CO 1. After the students complete this course they will be familiar with aspects of Classical
Mechanics such as Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation, particle in central potentials, rigid
body motion. These will form the essential background for other courses such as Quantum
Mechanics, Electrodynamics and High Energy Physics that students would learn in the
subsequent semesters.
CO 2. Students will learn the importance of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics over the
Newtonian mechanics and be able to solve the complex problems on the equations of motion
by applying these two techniques.
CO 3. Having successfully completed this course, students will be able to demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of orbit problems using the conservation of angular momentum and total energy.
CO 4. Students will also be able to demonstrate understanding of rigid body motion using Euler
theorem and Euler angles, which will help them to solve advanced problems pertaining to
celestial mechanics.
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
SEMESTER-I
COURSE CODE: MPHL-1393
CLASSICAL MECHANICS
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations, written
assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the end of the
semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the PaperSetters:
Eight questions of equal marks are to be set, two in each of the four Sections (A-D). Questions of
Sections A-D should be set from Units I-IV of the syllabus respectively. Questions may be subdivided
into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are required to attempt five questions, selecting at least
one question from each section. The fifth question may be attempted from any Section. Each
question carries 16 marks.
UNIT-I: Lagrangian Mechanics Newton’s laws of motion, mechanics of a system of particles, constraints, generalized coordinates
D'Alembert's principle and Lagrange equations of motion for conservative systems, simple applications of
Lagrangian formulation.Variational Principles:Hamiltons principle, some techniques of the Calculus of
variations, derivation of Lagrange equations from Hamilton’s principle, conservation theorems and
symmetry properties.
Lectures 15
UNIT-II: Central Force Problem
Two body central force problem, reduction to equivalent one body problem, the equation of motion and first
integrals, the equivalent one dimensional problem, and
classification of orbits, the Virial theorem, the differential equation for the orbit, conditions for closed
orbits, the Kepler problem, scattering in a central force field (Rutherford scattering cross section formula).
Lectures 15
UNIT-III: Hamiltonian Mechanics
Legendre transformation and Hamilton equations of motion, cyclic coordinates and conservation theorems,
derivation of Hamiltons equations from a variational principle, the principle of least action, simple
applications of Hamiltonian formulation.
Canonical Transformations: The equations of canonical transformation, examples of canonical
transformations, Poisson brackets, equations of motion, infinitesimal canonical transformations and
conservation theorems in the Poisson bracket formulation, Hamilton-Jacoby theory.
Lectures 15
UNIT-IV: Rigid Body Dynamics
The independent coordinates of a rigid body, orthogonal transformation,
the Euler angles, Euler's theorem on the motion of rigid body, finite and infinitesimal rotations, rate of
change of a vector, angular momentum and kinetic energy about a point for a rigid body, the inertia tensor
and moment of inertia, the eigen values of the inertia tensor and the principal axis transformation. Euler's
equations of motion, torque free motion of a rigid body.
Small Oscillations: Eigen value equation, Free vibrations, Normal Coordinates, vibrations of a triatomic
molecule.
Lectures 15
Books:
1. Classical Mechanics by Herbert Goldstein-Narosa Pub. House, New Delhi, 1970.
2. Mechanics by L.D. Landau-Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1982.
3. Classical Mechanics by Rana and Joag-Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1995.
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
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SEMESTER-I
COURSE CODE: MPHL-1394
COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES
COURSE OUTCOMES On completion of this course a student will be able to:
CO 1. The very first outcome of the course is having knowledge about various programming
languages, their need in research and development.
CO 2. The introduction to MATLAB gives a basic knowledge about syntaxes and procedures
used in MATLAB to solve various mathematical problems.
CO 3. Understanding of interpolation of data from an experimental data with equal and unequal
intervals.
CO 4. The students will be able to solve integration and differentiation numerically by using
various methods.
CO 5. Understanding of various numerical methods to solve polynomial and transcendental
equations gives an insight of working of these methods.
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
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SEMESTER-I
COURSE CODE: MPHL-1394
COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations,
written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the
end of the semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Paper Setters: Eight questions of equal marks are to be set, two in each of the four Sections (A-D). Questions of
Sections A-D should be set from Units I-IV of the syllabus respectively. Questions may be subdivided
into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are required to attempt five questions, selecting at least
one question from each section. The fifth question may be attempted from any Section. Each
question carries 16 marks.
UNIT-I: Introduction of MATLAB Introduction: Basics of MATLAB, working with arrays, creating and printing plots, Interacting
Computations: Matrices and Vectors, Matrices and Array Operations, built in functions, saving and
loading data, plotting simple graphs Programming in MATLAB: Scriptfiles, function files, Compiled
files, p-code, variables, loops, branches, and control flow, Input/Output, Advanced data objects,
structures, cells
Lectures18
UNIT-II: Interpolation
Interpolation, Newton's formula for forward and backward interpolation, Divided differences,
Symmetry of divided differences, Newton's general interpolation formula, Lagranges
interpolation formula
Lectures12
UNIT-III: Numerical Differentiation and integration
Numerical integration, A general quadrature formula for equidistant ordinates, Simpson, Weddle
and Trapezoidal rules, Monte- Carlo Method, Euler's method, Modified Euler's method, Runge
Kutta Method. Lectures15
UNIT-IV: Roots of Equation Approximate values of roots, Bisection Method, Regula-Falsi Method, Newton-
Raphsonmethod,Bairstowmethod.SimultaneousLinearAlgebraicEquations:SolutionofSimultaneous
Linearequations,Gausseliminationmethod,Gauss-Jordonmethod,Matrixinversion, finding eigen
values and eigen vectors, matrix factorization, Curve fitting and Interpolation; polynomial curve
fitting, least square curve fitting
Lectures15
Text and Reference Books 1. Getting started with MATLAB by RudraPratap-OxfordUniversityPress-2005.
2. A concise introduction to MATLAB by William JPalm III-McGrawHill-2008.
3. Numerical Mathematical Analysis by James Scarborough (Oxford and IBH),1966.
4. Elementary Numerical Analysis by S.D.Conte (McGrawHill),1965.
5. Numerical Methods for Mathematics by John.H.Methews Science and Engineering( Prentice
Hall of India).
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
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SEMESTER-I
COURSE CODE: MPHP-1395
ELECTRONICS LAB
COURSE OUTCOMES
After successfully completion of this lab student will be able to
CO1: Characterise and understand the applications of DIAC, TRIAC, UJT and SCR.
CO2: Investigate characteristics of MOSFET and Multivibrators.
CO3: understand experimentally working of Operational Amplifier and its applications
CO4: basics about Digital Logic circuits from logic gates to ALU.
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
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SEMESTER-I
COURSE CODE: MPHP-1395
ELECTRONICS LAB
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations,
written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at
the end of the semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Practical Examiners: Question paper is to be set on the spot jointly by the external and internal examiners. Two copies of the
same to be submitted for the record to COE office, KanyaMahaVidyalaya, Jalandhar
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. To Study the DC characteristics and applications of DIAC.
2. T o study the DC characteristics and applications of SCR.
3. To study the DC characteristics and applicationsofTRIAC.
4. Investigation of the DC characteristics and applicationso of UJT.
5. Investigation of the DC characteristics of MOSFET.
6. Study of bi-stable, mono-stable and astable, multivibrators.
7. Study of Op-Amps and their applications such as an amplifier(inverting, non-inverting), scalar,
summer, differentiator and integrator.
8. Study of logic gates using discrete elements and universal gates.
9. Study of encoder, decoder circuit.
10. Study of arithmetic logic unit(ALU)circuit.
11. Study of shift registers.
12. Study of half and full adder circuits.
13. Study of A/D and D/A circuits.
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
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SEMESTER-I
COURSE CODE: MPHP-1396
COMPUTER LAB
After completion of this lab Student will be
CO1: familiar with various MATLAB syntaxes and techniques to carryout simple calculations.
CO2: able to develop MATLAB programs to find roots of equations.
CO3: able to apply MATLAB commands to plot simple graphs in 2D.
CO4: able to write MATLAB programs to solve numerical integration, numerical differentiation
and interpolation.
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
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SEMESTER-I
COURSE CODE: MPHP-1396
COMPUTER LAB
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations,
written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination
at the end of the semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Practical Examiners: Question paper is to be set on the spot jointly by the external and internal examiners. Two copies of
the same to be submitted for the record to COE office, KanyaMahaVidyalaya, Jalandhar
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1.Determination of Roots
a) Bisection Method
b) Newton Raphson Method
c) Secant Method
2.Integration
a) Trapezoidal rule
b) Simpson1/3andSimpson3/8rules
c) Gaussian Quadrature
3.Differential Equations
a) Euler’s Method
b) Runge Kutta Method
4.Interpolation
a) Forward interpolation, Backward interpolation.
b) Lagrange’s interpolation.
5.Applications
a) Chaotic Dynamics, logistic map
b) One dimensional Schrondinger Equation
c) Time period calculation for a potential
d) Luminous intensity of a perfectly blackbody vs. temperature
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
15
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
16
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
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SEMESTER-II
COURSE CODE: MPHL-2391
QUANTUM MECHANICS-I
COURSE OUTCOMES OF QUANTUM MECHANICS
This course develops concepts in quantum mechanics such that the behavior of the physical universe
could be understood from a fundamental point of view. It provides a basis for further study of
quantum mechanics
CO 1. The very first outcome of the course is that the student will learn the mathematical tools
needed to solve quantum mechanics problems. This will include complex functions and
Hilbert spaces, and the theory of operator algebra and the concept that quantum states could
be described in a vector space. Solutions of ordinary and partial differential equations that
arise in quantum mechanics will also be studied.
CO 2. The student will be able to build connections between mathematical development and
conceptual understanding.
CO 3. The student will be able to apply the concepts of quantum mechanics to solve the one and
three dimensional problems of quantum mechanics to understand the basics of atomic
structures and the wave mechanics of these atoms.
CO 4. The student will learn the basic concepts of spin and angular momentum and the role of
spherical harmonics in determining the shape of electronic clouds around the nucleus. They
will also learn about the utilization of simple harmonic oscillator and the role of Hilbert
space in developing simple harmonic oscillator.
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
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SEMESTER-II
COURSE CODE: MPHL-2391
QUANTUM MECHANICS-I
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations, written
assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the end of
the semester carries 80 marks.
NoteforthePaperSetters: Eight questions of equal marks are to be set, two in each of the four Sections (A-D). Questions of
Sections A-D should be set from Units I-IV of the syllabus respectively. Questions may be subdivided
into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one
question from each section. The fifth question may be attempted from any Section. Each question
carries 16 marks.
UNIT-I:Basic Formulation and quantum Kinematics: Stern Gerlach experiment as a tool to introduce
quantum ideas, analogy of two level quantum systems with polarisation states of light. Complex linear
vector spaces, ket space, bra space and inner product, operators and properties of operators .Eigen kets
of an observable, eigen kets as base kets, matrix representations. Measurement of observable,
compatible vs incompatible observable, commutators and uncertainty relations. Change of basis and
unitary transformations. Diagonalisation of operators. Position, momentum and translation, momentum
as a generator of translations, canonical commutation relations. Wave functions as position
representation of ket vectors. Momentum operator in position representation, momentum Space wave
function.
Lectures18 UNIT-II: Quantum Dynamics:Time evolution operator and Schrödinger equation, special role of the
Hamiltonian operator, energy eigen kets, time dependence of expectation values, spin precession.
Schrodinger vs. Heisenberg picture, unitary operators, state kets and observable in Schrodinger and
Heisenberg pictures, Heisenberg equations of motion, Ehrenfest’s theorem. Simple harmonic oscillator
Energy eigen values and eigen vectors of SHO, Matrix representation of creation and annihilation
operators, Zero-point energy; Coherent states.
Lectures12 UNIT-III: Symmetry Principles: Symmetry and conservation laws, Space time translation and
rotations. Conservation of linear momentum, energy and angular momentum. Unitary transformation,
Symmetry and Degeneracy, space inversion and parity. Time reversal invariance.
Lectures12 UNIT-IV: Spherical Symmetric Systems and Angular momentum :Schrodinger equation for a
spherically symmetric potential. Orbital angular momentum commutation relations. Eigen value
problem for L2, spherical harmonics. Three dimensional harmonic oscillator, three dimensional
potential well and the hydrogen atom. Angular momentum algebra, commutation relations. Introduction
to the concept of representation of the commutation relations in different dimensions. Eigen vectors and
eigen functions of J2 and Jz. Addition of angular momentum and C.G. coefficients.
Lectures18
Text and Reference Books 1. Modern Quantum Mechnics by J.J.Sakurai-PearsonEducatonPvt.Ltd.,New Delhi,2002.
2. A textbook of Quantum Mechanics by P M Mathews, K Venkatesan, MccGraw Hill Education
3. Quantum Mechanics: Concepts and Applications by N. Zettili, John Wiley & Sons.
4. Quantum Mechanics: Merzbacher by JohnWiley&Sons,NewYork,1970.
5. Quantum Mechanics (2nd Ed.) by V.K. Thankappan, New Age International Publications, New Delhi,
1996
SEMESTER-II
COURSE CODE: MPHL-2392
ELECTRODYNAMICS-I
COURSE OUTCOMES After passing this course the students will be able to:
CO1: understand the basic concepts of electrostatics and magnetism and related quantities and
their calculations for different charge distribution as well as the behaviour of electric and magnetic
field inside matter. The students will have the ability to solve the electrostatic problems by method
of images helps.
CO2: demonstrate knowledge about the time-varying magnetic and electric fields and their effects
by
CO3: understand the propagation of electromagnetic waves in conducting and insulating media.
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
23
SEMESTER-II
COURSE CODE: MPHL-2392
ELECTRODYNAMICS-I
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations, written
assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the end of
the semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Paper Setters:
Eight questions of equal marks are to be set, two in each of the four Sections (A-D). Questions of
Sections A-D should be set from Units I-IV of the syllabus respectively. Questions may be subdivided
into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are required to attempt five questions, selecting at least
one question from each section. The fifth question may be attempted from any Section. Each
question carries 16 marks.
UNIT-I: Electrostatics: Coulomb's law, Gauss’s law and its applications, Scalar potential, Poisson's
equation, Laplace equation. method of images, multipole expansion, Solution of boundary value problems:
Green's function and its calculation for the image charge problem in the case of a sphere, uniqueness
theorem. Electrostatics of dielectric media, Boundary value problems in dielectrics; molecular polarizability,
electrostatic energy in dielectric media.
Lectures 18 UNIT-II: Magnetostatics: Biot and Savart’s law. The differential equation of Magnetostatics and
Ampere's law, magnetic vector potential and magnetic fields of a localized current distribution. Magnetic
moment, force and torque on a magnetic dipole in an external field. Dynamics of charged particles in
static and uniform electromagnetic fields. Magnetic materials, Magnetization and microscopic equations.
Lectures 12
UNIT-III: Time-varying fields: Electromagnetic induction. Faraday’s law of induction, Energy in a
magnetic field. Maxwell’s displacement current, Maxwell's equations in free space and linear isotropic
media; vector and scalar potential, General Expression for the electromagnetic fields energy, Gauge
transformations; Lorentz gauge and Coulomb gauge. Poynting theorem, conservation laws for a
system of charged particles and electromagnetic field, Equation of continuity
Lectures 15 UNIT-IV: Electromagnetic Waves: Plane wave like solutions of the Maxwell equations. Polarization,
linear and circular polarization. Superposition of waves in one dimension. Group velocity. Illustration of
propagation of a pulse in dispersive medium. Reflection and refraction of electromagnetic waves at a
plane surface between dielectrics. Polarization by reflection and total internal reflection. Interference,
coherence, and diffraction. Waves in conductive medium, Simple model for conductivity.
Lectures 15
Text and ReferenceBooks 1. Introduction to Electrodynamics - D.J. Griffiths-Pearson Education Ltd., New Delhi,1991.
2. Classical Electrodynamics - J.D. Jackson-John & Wiley Sons Pvt. Ltd. New York, 2004.
3. Classical Electromagnetic Radiation - J.B. Marion-Academic Press, New Delhi, 1995.
4. Classical Electrodynamics: S.P. Puri, (Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi)
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
24
SEMESTER-II
COURSE CODE: MPHL-2393
Condensed Matter Physics-I
Course Outcome of Condensed Matter Physics-I
After studying this course, the students will be able to understand:
CO1: Various structures of crystal. The students will be able to draw crystal planes through the
knowledge of Miller indices.
CO2: Students have learned about crystal diffraction. How the diffraction takes place and the
various methods through which it can be observed.
CO3: The students have learned about lattice vibrations through the concept of phonons. Different
models of specific heat, i.e. Einstein model and hence Debye model of specific heat.
CO4: Students have studied about the Fermi Dirac statistics and its applications. Students will be
able to find the distinction between metals and insulators, semiconductors.
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
25
SEMESTER II
COURSE CODE: MPHL-2393 Condensed Matter Physics-I
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations, written
assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the end of the
semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Paper Setters: Eight questions of equal marks are to be set, two in each of the four
Sections (A-D). Questions of Sections A-D should be set from Units I-IV of the syllabus respectively.
Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are required to attempt five
questions, selecting at least one question from each section. The fifth question may be attempted from
any Section. Each question carries 16 marks. Unit-I
Lattice Specific Heat and Elastic Constants:
Different theories of lattice specific heat of solids, Einstein model of the Lattice Specific heat, Density of
modes of vibration, Debye model of Lattice specific heat, Born cut-off procedure, Specific heat of
metals.Elastic strain and stress components, Elastic compliance and stiffness constants, Elastic constants of
cubic crystals, Elastic waves in cubic crystals.
Unit-II
Defects and Diffusion in Solids:
Point defects: Impurities, Vacancies-Schottky and Frankel vacancies, Diffusion, Fick’s law, Self diffusion in
metals, Color centers and coloration of crystals, F-centres, V-centres, Line defects, Edge and screw
dislocations, Burgers vectors, Stress field of dislocations, Grain boundaries, Low angle grain boundaries,
dislocation densities, Dislocation multiplication and slips, dislocation and crystal growth.
Unit-III
Conductivity of metals and ionic crystals
Electrical conductivity of metals, Drift velocity and relaxation time, The Boltzmann transport, equation, The
Sommerfield theory of conductivity, Mean free path in metals, Qualitative, discussion of the features of the
resistivity, Mathiesson's rule.Thermal conductivity of metals, Wiedemann-Franz law. Hydration energy of
ions, Activation energy for formation of defects in ionic crystals, Ionic conductivity in pure alkali halides.
Unit-IV
Dielectrics and Ferro Electrics:
Macroscopic field, The local field, Lorentz field, The Claussius-Mossotti relations, Different
contribution to polarization: dipolar, electronic and ionic polarizabilities, Ferroelectric crystals:
Classifications and their general properties, Structure and properties of BaTiO3, The dipole theory of
ferroelectricity, objection against dipole theory, Thermodynamics of ferroelectric transitions.
Books:
1. Solid State Physics by A.J. Dekker-Prentice Hall, 1965.
2. An Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittle-Wiley, 1958
3. Elementary Solid State Physics by Omar, Addison Welly, 1975.
4. Principles of Solid State Physics by R.A. Levey-Academic Press, 1968
5. Introduction of Solid State Physics by Ashroft-Cengage Learning, 1999
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
26
SEMESTER-II
COURSE CODE: MPHL-2394
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
COURSE OUTCOMES
Students will have achieved the ability to
CO 1. Describe the atomic spectra of one and two valance electron atoms. the student will
understand the relativistic corrections for the energy levels of the hydrogen atom and their
effect on optical spectra and the key properties of many electron atoms
CO 2. Explain the change in behaviour of atoms in external applied electric and magnetic field.
CO 3. Explain rotational, vibrational, electronic and Raman spectra of molecules.
CO 4. Explain the role of Frank Condon principle in determining electronic spectra of the
molecule. The student will also learn about the dissociation and pre-dissociation energies.
CO 5. state and justify the selection rules for various optical spectroscopies in terms of the
symmetries of molecular vibrations
M.Sc. (Physics) (Session 2019-20)
27
SEMESTER-II
COURSE CODE: MPHL-2394
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations, written
assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the end of
the semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Paper Setters: Eight questions of equal marks are to be set, two in each of the four Sections (A-D). Questions of
Sections A-D should be set from Units I-IV of the syllabus respectively. Questions may be subdivided
into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are required to attempt five questions, selecting at least
one question from each section. The fifth question may be attempted from any Section. Each
question carries 16 marks.
UNIT-I: Spectra of one and two valance electron systems Magnetic dipole moments, Larmor's theorem, Space quantization of orbital, spin and total angular
momenta, Vector model for one and two valance electron atoms, Spin-orbit interaction and fine
structure of hydrogen, Lamb shift, Spectroscopic terminology, Spectroscopic notations for L-S and J-J
couplings, Spectra of alkali and alkaline earth metals, Interaction energy in L-S and J-J coupling for
two electron systems, Selection and Intensity rules for doublets and triplets.
15Lectures
UNIT-II: Breadth of spectral line and effects of external fieldsThe Doppler effect, Natural breadth from classical theory, natural breadth and quantum mechanics,
External effects like collision damping, asymmetry and pressure shift and stark broadening, The
Zeeman Effect for two electron systems, Intensity rules for the Zeeman effect, The calculations of
Zeeman patterns, Paschen-Back effect, LS coupling and Paschen–Back effect, Lande's factor in LS
coupling, Stark effect.
15Lectures
UNIT-III: Microwave and Infra-Red Spectroscopy - rigid rotator, Intensity of rotational lines,
Effect of isotopic substitution, Microwave spectrum of polyatomic molecules, Microwave oven, the
vibrating diatomic molecule as a simple harmonic and anharmonic oscillator, Diatomic vibrating
rotator, The vibration-rotation spectrum of carbon monoxide, The interaction of rotation and
vibrations, Outline of technique and instrumentation, Fourier transform Spectroscopy.
15Lectures
UNIT-IV: Raman and Electronic SpectroscopyQuantum and classical theories of Raman Effect, Pure rotational Raman spectra for linear and
polyatomic molecules, Vibrational Raman spectra, Structure determination from Raman and infra-red
spectroscopy, Electronic structure of diatomic molecule, Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules,
Born Oppenheimer approximation, The Franck Condon principle, Dissociation and pre-dissociation
energy, The Fortrat diagram, Example of spectrum of molecular hydrogen.
15Lectures Text and Reference Books 1. Atomic and molecular Spectra: Laser by Raj Kumar, Kedarnath Ram Nath
2. Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy by C.B.Banwell-TataMcGrawHill,1986.
3. Spectroscopy Vol. I,II&III by Walker&Straughen,Chapman&Hall1976
4. Introduction to Molecular spectroscopy by G.M.Barrow-TokyoMcGrawHill,1962.
5. Spectra of diatomic molecules by Herzberg-NewYork,1944.
28
SEMESTER-II
COURSE CODE: MPHP-2395
CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS LAB-I
COURSE OUTCOMES
Student upon completion of this course will be able to
CO 1. successfully apply the theoretical techniques presented in the course to practical
problems
CO 2. Understand Hall Effect and demonstrate concept of Pn junction g-factor using
ESR, formation and analysis of Hysteresis loop.
CO 3. Demonstrate experimental determination of Energy gap using Four Probe Method
and characteristics of photovoltaic cell.
29
SEMESTER-II
COURSE CODE: MPHP-2395
CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS LAB-I
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations,
written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final
examination at the end of the semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Practical Examiners: Question paper is to be set on the spot jointly by the external and internal examiners. Two copies of
the same to be submitted for the record to COE office, Kanya Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. To determine Hall coefficient by Hall Effect.
2. To determine the band gap of a semiconductor using p-n junction diode.
3. To determine the magnetic susceptibility of a material using Quink's method.
4. To determine the g-factor using ESR spectrometer.
5. To determine the energy gap and resistivity of the semiconductor using four probe method.
6. To trace hysteresis loop and calculate retentivity, coercivity and saturation magnetization.
7. To determine dielectric constant of a dielectric material.
8. To study the series and parallel characteristics of a photovoltaic cell.
9. To study the spectral characteristics of a photovoltaic cell.
30
SEMESTER-II
COURSE CODE: MPHP-2396
SPECTROSCOPY LAB
Course Outcomes
On successful completion of the course students will be able to:
CO 1. develop analytical, laboratory skills through laboratory which involve the application of
physics to various spectroscopy systems.
CO 2. successfully apply the theoretical techniques presented in the course to practical
problems
CO 3. set up the Fabry Parot interferometer, Michelson Morley interferometer, Zeeman
experimental instrument and constant deviation spectrometer.
31
SEMESTER-II
COURSE CODE: MPHP-2396
SPECTROSCOPY LAB
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations,
written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination
at the end of the semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Practical Examiners: Question paper is to be set on the spot jointly by the external and internal examiners. Two copies of
the same to be submitted for the record to COE office, Kanya Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. To find the wavelength of monochromatic light using Febry Perot interferometer.
2. To find the wavelength of monochromatic light using Michelson interferometer.
3. To calibrate the constant deviation spectrometer with white light and to find the wavelength of
unknown monochromatic light.
4. To find the wavelength of He-Ne Laser using Vernier Calliper and the grating element of the
given grating.
6. To verify the existence of Bohr's energy levels with Frank-Hertz experiment.
7. To determine the charge to mass ratio (e/m) of an electron with normal Zeeman Effect
8. To determine the velocity of ultrasonic waves in a liquid using ultrasonic interferometer
9. Particle size determination by diode laser
32
SEMESTER III
COURSE CODE: MPHL-3391
QUANTUM MECHANICS-II
Course outcomes
CO 1. Quantum mechanics-II aim at the applications of quantum mechanics. The course
should give deeper knowledge about the foundations of quantum mechanics and skills in
problem solving in quantum mechanics.
CO 2. Make students familiar with various approximation methods applied to atomic,
nuclear and solid-state physics, and to scattering.
CO 3. The students will learn the applications of Time-independent and time-dependent
perturbation theory in quantum mechanics and will develop a knowledge and
understanding of perturbation theory, level splitting, and radiative transitions;
CO 4. Develop a knowledge and understanding of the scattering matrix and partial wave
analysis; and to solve quantum mechanics problems;
33
SEMESTER III
COURSE CODE: MPHL-3391
QUANTUM MECHANICS-II
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations,
written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination
at the end of the semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Paper Setters: Eight questions of equal marks are to be set, two in each of the
four Sections (A-D). Questions of Sections A-D should be set from Units I-IV of the syllabus
respectively. Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are
required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one question from each section. The fifth
question may be attempted from any Section. Each question carries 16 marks.
Unit-I: Perturbation Theory
First and second order perturbation theory for non degenerate and degenerate systems.
Perturbation of an oscillator and anharmonic oscillator, the variation method. First order time
dependent perturbation theory, constant perturbation, Calculation of transition probability per
unit time for harmonic perturbation. The Helium atom problem, Stark effect.
Unit-II: Scattering Theory
Born approximation, extend to higher orders. Validity of Born approximation for a square well
potential, Optical theorem. Partial wave analysis, unitarity and phase shifts. Determination of
phase shift, applications to hard sphere scattering. Low energy scattering in case of bound states.
Resonance scattering.
Unit-III: Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
Klein Gordon equation. Dirac Equation, Lorentz covariance of Dirac equation. Positive and
negative energy solutions of Dirac equation, positrons. Properties of gamma matrices. Parity
operator and its action on states. Magnetic moments and spin orbit energy.
Unit-IV: Identical Particles Brief introduction to identical particles in quantum mechanics, Fermions and Bosons, wave
function of n-identical particles and Slater’s determinant, symmetrisation postulates, Exchange
operators and exchange degeneracy, Application to 2 and 3 electron systems. Pauli Exclusion
Principle,
References :
1. Quantum Mechanics by L I Schiff-Tokyo McGraw Hill, 1968.
2. A textbook of quantum mechanics by P.M. Methews and K. Venktasen Mcgraw Hill
Education, 2017
3. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics by David J. Griffiths, pearson, 2015
SEMESTER III
COURSE CODE: MPHL-3392
34
Electrodynamics-II
Course outcomes
After passing this course the students will be able to:
CO1: Understand different types of waveguides. The transmission of electromagnetic signals
through waveguide. The attenuation and loss of signal in waveguides
CO2: Correlate Einstein’s special theory of relativity with classical mechanics and
electrodynamics in terms of tensor notation.
CO3: Study the fields around electric dipole, magnetic dipole and electric quadruple. The
transition of signal from full wave and half wave antennas.
CO4: Understand fields due to moving charges in terms of vectors and in terms of relativistic
mechanics.
35
SEMESTER III
COURSE CODE: MPHL-3392
Electrodynamics-II
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal
examinations, written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and
the final examination at the end of the semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Paper Setters: Eight questions of equal marks are to be set, two in each of the
four Sections (A-D). Questions of Sections A-D should be set from Units I-IV of the
syllabus respectively. Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four).
Candidates are required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one question from
each section. The fifth question may be attempted from any Section. Each question carries
16 marks.
UNIT-I
Wave Guides: Field at the surface of and within a conductor. Cylindrical cavities and
waveguides, modes in a rectangular wave guide, energy flow and attenuation in wave guides.
Perturbation of boundary conditions, resonant cavities, power loss in cavity and quality factor.
UNIT-II
Relativistic Formulation of Electrodynamics: Special theory of relativity, simultaneity, length
contraction, time dilation and Lorentz’s transformations, Structure of space-time, four scalars,
four vectors and tensors, relativistic mechanics: proper time and proper velocity, relativistic
energy and momentum. Relativistic electrodynamics: Magnetism as a relativistic phenomenon
and field transformations. Field tensor. Recasting Maxwell equations in the language of special
relativity, covariance and manifest covariance.
UNIT-III
Radiating Systems: In homogenous Wave Equation for potentials: Retarded Potentials ,Fields
of radiation of localized oscillating sources, electric dipole fields and radiation, magnetic dipole
and electric quadrupole fields, central fed antenna, brief introduction to radiation damping and
radiation reaction.
UNIT-IV
Fields of Moving Charges: Lienard Wiechert potential, field of a moving charge. Radiated
power from an accelerated charge at low velocities, Larmour’s power formula and its relativistic
generalization; Angular distribution of radiation emitted by an accelerated charge.
Text and Reference Books:
1. Classical Electrodynamics by J.D. Jackson-John Wiley & Sons Pvt. Ltd., New York.
2. Introduction to Electrodynamics by D.J. Griffiths-Pearson Education Ltd.
3. Classical Electromagnetic Radiation by J.B. Marion-Academic Press, New Delhi.
36
SEMESTER III
COURSE CODE: MPHL-3393
Condensed Matter Physics-I
Course Outcome of Condensed Matter Physics-I
After studying this course, the students will be able to understand:
CO1: Various structures of crystal. The students will be able to draw crystal planes through the
knowledge of Miller indices.
CO2: Students have learned about crystal diffraction. How the diffraction takes place and the
various methods through which it can be observed.
CO3: The students have learned about lattice vibrations through the concept of phonons.
Different models of specific heat, i.e. Einstein model and hence Debye model of specific heat.
CO4: Students have studied about the Fermi Dirac statistics and its applications. Students will be
able to find the distinction between metals and insulators, semiconductors.
37
SEMESTER III
COURSE CODE: MPHL-3393
Condensed Matter Physics-I
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations, written
assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination at the end of the
semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Paper Setters: Eight questions of equal marks are to be set, two in each of the four
Sections (A-D). Questions of Sections A-D should be set from Units I-IV of the syllabus
respectively. Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are
required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one question from each section. The fifth
question may be attempted from any Section. Each question carries 16 marks.
Unit-I
Lattice Specific Heat and Elastic Constants:
Different theories of lattice specific heat of solids, Einstein model of the Lattice Specific heat, Density of
modes of vibration, Debye model of Lattice specific heat, Born cut-off procedure, Specific heat of metals.
Elastic strain and stress components, Elastic compliance and stiffness constants, Elastic constants of
cubic crystals, Elastic waves in cubic crystals.
Unit-II
Defects and Diffusion in Solids:
Point defects: Impurities, Vacancies-Schottky and Frankel vacancies, Diffusion, Fick’s law, Self
diffusion in metals, Color centers and coloration of crystals, F-centres, V-centres, Line defects, Edge and
screw dislocations, Burgers vectors, Stress field of dislocations, Grain boundaries, Low angle grain
boundaries, dislocation densities, Dislocation multiplication and slips, dislocation and crystal growth.
Unit-III
Conductivity of metals and ionic crystals
Electrical conductivity of metals, Drift velocity and relaxation time, The Boltzmann transport equation,
The Sommerfield theory of conductivity, Mean free path in metals, Qualitative discussion of the features
of the resistivity, Mathiesson's rule. Thermal conductivity of metals, Wiedemann-Franz law. Hydration
energy of ions, Activation energy for formation of defects in ionic crystals, Ionic conductivity in pure
alkali halides.
Unit-IV
Dielectrics and Ferro Electrics:
Macroscopic field, The local field, Lorentz field, The Claussius-Mossotti relations, Different contribution
to polarization: dipolar, electronic and ionic polarizabilities, Ferroelectric crystals: Classifications and
their general properties, Structure and properties of BaTiO3, The dipole theory of ferroelectricity,
objection against dipole theory, Thermodynamics of ferroelectric transitions.
Books:
1. Solid State Physics by A.J. Dekker-Prentice Hall, 1965.
2. An Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittle-Wiley, 1958
3. Elementary Solid State Physics by Omar, Addison Welly, 1975.
4. Principles of Solid State Physics by R.A. Levey-Academic Press, 1968
5. Introduction of Solid State Physics by Ashroft-Cengage Learning, 1999
38
SEMESTER III
COURSE CODE: MPHL-3394
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:
CO 1. Identify basic nuclear properties and outline their theoretical descriptions.
CO 2. Understand the nature of nuclear forces that bind atomic nuclei together and the
structure and dynamics of nuclei.
CO 3. Apply the semi-empirical mass formula to evaluate the binding energy of a
nucleus and other binding energy related properties.
CO 4. Describe the role of spin-orbit coupling in the shell structure of atomic nuclei, and
predict the properties of nuclear ground and excited states based on the shell
model.
CO 5. Understand the various decay properties of unstable nuclei such as beta decay,
gamma decay, and parity violation.
CO 6. Compare different nuclear reaction mechanisms in relation to cross-sections,
excitation functions and angular distributions.
39
SEMESTER III
COURSE CODE: MPHL-3394
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Syllabus
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on mid-semester test/ internal examinations,
written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination
at the end of the semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Paper Setters for final examination: Eight questions of equal marks are to be set,
two in each of the four Sections (A-D). Questions of Sections A-D should be set from Units I-
IV of the syllabus respectively. Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four).
Candidates are required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one question from each
section. The fifth question may be attempted from any Section. Each question carries 16 marks.
Unit-I
Properties of nucleus and nuclear forces: size, spin, parity, magnetic moment, quadrupole moment and binding energy of a nucleus. Two nucleon system, deuteron problem, tensor forces, pp and pn scattering experiments at low energy, scattering length, effective range theory, spin dependence of nuclear forces, charge independence and charge symmetry of nuclear forces, exchanges forces: Bartlett, Heisenberg, Majorana forces and potentials, meson theory of nuclear forces.
Unit-II
Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model, semi-empirical mass formula, Bohr-Wheeler theory of fission, experimental evidence for shell structure of nucleus, shell model, spin-orbit coupling, applications of shell model like angular momenta, parities, magnetic moments (Schmidt lines) of nuclear ground states, collective model, nuclear vibrations spectra and rotational spectra, Nilsson model.
Unit-III
Nuclear Decay: Beta decay: Types of beta decay, neutrino hypothesis, Fermi theory of beta decay, detection of neutrino, total decay rate, comparative half-lives, angular momentum and parity selection rules in beta decay, allowed and forbidden transitions, parity violation in beta decay. Gamma decay: Multipole transitions in nuclei, angular momentum and parity selection rules in gamma decay, internal conversion, nuclear isomerism.
Unit-IV Nuclear Reactions: Introduction to nuclear reactions, conservations laws, cross sections in terms of partial wave amplitudes, compound and direct nuclear reaction mechanisms, Breit Winger one level formula, Resonance scattering. Nuclear fission, nuclear fusion.
Reference books:
1. Nuclear Physics by R.R. Roy and B.P. Nigam-New Age International Publishers 2. Introductory Nuclear Physics by K.S. Krane-Wiley, New York 3. Nuclear Physics by G.N. Ghoshal-S. Chand and Co.
SEMESTER III
40
COURSE CODE: MPHL-3395
CONDERNSED MATTER LAB-II
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:
CO 1. Understand the mechanism of domain formation in ferromagnetic materials and to
CO 2. find the energy losses in various ferromagnetic materials
CO 3. Understand the concept of Curie temperature.
CO 4. Understand the concept of charge storage mechanism in p-n junction diodes
CO 5. Understand the phonon and photon interactions in materials
CO 6. Will learn to work with the travelling, transmission and reflection of microwaves.
41
SEMESTER III
COURSE CODE: MPHL-3395
CONDERNSED MATTER LAB-II
Syllabus
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on mid-semester test/ internal examinations,
written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination
at the end of the semester carries 80 marks.
1. To determine the energy loss in transformer and ferrite cores using B-H curve.
2. To determine Curie temperature of ferrites.
3. To determine Stefan’s constant using Boltzmann’s Law.
4. To study the depletion capacitance and its variation with reverse bias in a p-n junction.
5. To determine the lattice dynamics and dispersion relation for the monatomic and
diatomic lattices.
6. To find the Young’s modulus of a material using ultrasonic interferometer for solids
7. Experiments with Microwaves set up.
42
SEMESTER III
COURSE CODE: MPHL-3396
NUCLEAR PHYSICS LAB
Course Outcomes
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:
CO 1. Carry out experimental work using NaI (Tl) scintillation detector and GM
counter in the field of radiation shielding and radioactive analysis of various materials.
CO 2. Understand the interaction of beta particles, alpha particles and gamma ray with
matter.
CO 3. Understand the importance of statistical nature of radioactivity in the field of
radioactive analysis.
CO 4. Investigate the attenuation power of various materials for alpha, beta and gamma
radiation.
43
SEMESTER III
COURSE CODE: MPHL-3396
NUCLEAR PHYSICS LAB
Syllabus
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on mid-semester test/ internal examinations,
written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination
at the end of the semester carries 80 marks.
1. Pulse-Height Analysis of Gamma Ray Spectra.
2. Energy calibration of Scintillation Spectrometer.
3. Least square fitting of a straight line.
4. Study of absorption of gamma rays in matter.
5. Study of the characteristics of a G.M. Counter.
6. Study of the Dead time of a G.M. Counter.
7. Study of absorptions of Beta Particles in Matter.
8. Window thickness of a G.M. Tube.
9. Investigation of the statistics of radioactive measurements.
10. Study of Poisson Distribution.
11. Study of Gaussian Distribution.
12. Study of absorption alpha-particles in matter.
44
SEMESTER IV
COURSE CODE: MPHL-4391
PARTICLE PHYSICS
Course Outcomes
CO1: After completing this course the students will understand the fundamental principles and
concepts governing particle physics. The students will learn various experimental techniques
used in discovering the elementary particles and their various properties such as mass, lifetime,
parity and spin.
CO2: Students will be able to understand the role of symmetries in particle physics. They will
acquire basic knowledge on the fundamental forces of universe and various conservation laws
followed in these forces (interactions).
CO3: Students will also learn the concept of CP violation in detail which will lead them to their
knowledge about current area of research on the missing antimatter of universe.
CO4: The students will learn the Feynman rules and their application in calculating the cross
sections for various particle interactions.
CO5: They will also be able to understand the theory of spontaneous breaking symmetry and its
application to Higgs mechanism. Students will also have a broad overview of the standard model
of particle physics and its predictions.
45
SEMESTER IV
COURSE CODE: MPHL-4391
PARTICLE PHYSICS
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on mid-semester test/ internal examinations,
written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination
at the end of the semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Paper Setters for final examination: Eight questions of equal marks are to be set,
two in each of the four Sections (A-D). Questions of Sections A-D should be set from Units I-
IV of the syllabus respectively. Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four).
Candidates are required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one question from each
section. The fifth question may be attempted from any Section. Each question carries 16 marks.
Unit-I
Elementary Particles and Their Properties: Historical survey of elementary particles and their
classification, fundamental forces of nature, determination of mass, life time, decay mode, spin
and parity of muons, pions, kaons and hadrons, introduction to antiparticles, relativistic
kinematics.
Unit-II
Symmetries and Conservation Laws: Conserved quantities and symmetries, the electric charge,
baryon number, lepton number, hypercharge (strangeness), the nucleon isospin, isospin
invariance, isospin of particles, Gellmann-Nishijima formula, parity operation, charge
conjugation, positronium decay, CP violation and doublet, time reversal invariance,
CPT theorem, Gellmann’s eightfold way of hadrons, quark model.
Unit-III
Week Interactions: Classification of weak interactions, τ-θ puzzle, parity violation in beta
decay, parity violation in Λ-decay, the two component neutrino theory, measurement of neutrino
helicity (Goldhaber’s experiment), the V-A interaction, weak decays of strange-particles and
Cabibbo's theory, GIM mechanism, CKM matrix.
Unit-IV
Gauge theory and neutrino oscillation: Gauge symmetry, field equations for scalar (spin 0),
spinor (spin ½), vector (spin-1) and fields, global gauge invariance, local gauge invariance,
Feynmann rules, spontaneously broken symmetries in the field theory, Higgs mechanism,
neutrino mass, neutrino oscillations.
Reference books:
1 Nuclear Physics by S.N. Ghoshal-S. Chand and Co.
2 Introduction to Elementary Particles by D. Griffiths-Wiley-VCH.
3 Introduction to High Energy Physics by D.H Perkins-Cambridge University Press.
46
SEMESTER IV
COURSE CODE: MPHL-4392
CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS-II
Course outcomes
CO 1. Condensed Matter Physics-II aim at the applications of Solid state Physics. The
course should give deeper knowledge about magnetic materials.
CO 2. Make students familiar with various concepts like curie’s temperature, super
exchange interaction and properties of hysteresis loop.
CO 3. The students will have knowledge of superconductors and its types and how its
properties can be applicable in the research field.
CO 4. Develop a knowledge and understanding of the optical properties and students
will get the knowledge how these properties are beneficial in the field of research.
47
SEMESTER IV
COURSE CODE: MPHL-4392
CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS-II
Syllabus
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations,
written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination
at the end of the semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Paper Setters: Eight questions of equal marks are to be set, two in each of the
four Sections (A-D). Questions of Sections A-D should be set from Units I-IV of the syllabus
respectively. Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are
required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one question from each section. The fifth
question may be attempted from any Section. Each question carries 16 marks.
Unit- I
Classification of magnetic materials, Origin of permanent magnetic dipoles, Diamagnetic
susceptibility, Langevin diamagnetic equation, Classical theory of paramagnetism, Quantum
theory of paramagnetism, Quenching of orbital angular momentum, Cooling by adiabatic
demagnetization, Paramagnetic susceptibility of conduction electrons, Determination of
susceptibilities of para and diamagnetic materials: Theory, Gouy method and Quincke’s method
Unit - II
Ferromagnetism, Curie point and the exchange integral, Weiss molecular field, the interpretation
of the Weiss field, Temperature dependence of spontaneous magnetization, Saturation
magnetization at absolute zero, Ferromagnetic domains, Anisotropy energy, Transition region
between domains: Bloch wall, Origin of domains, Coercivity and hysteresis, Spin waves,
Quantization of spin waves, Thermal excitations of magnons, Neutron Magnetic Scattering,
Ferrimagnetic Order, Curie temperature and susceptibility of ferrimagnets, Antiferromagnetism,
Two sublattice model.
Unit – III
Superconductivity, zero resistivity, critical temperature, Meissner effect, Type I and Type II
superconductors, specific heat and thermal conductivity,Thermodynamics of superconducting
transition, London’s equation, Coherence length, BCS theory of conventional superconductors,
BCS ground states, Flux quantization on a superconducting ring, Duration of persistent current,
Josephson effect: dc Josephson effect, ac Josephson effect, macroscopic quantum interference,
Superconducting magnet and SQUID, High temperature superconductors: Structure and
properties.
Unit - IV
Interaction of light with solids, Atomic and electronic interactions, Optical properties of metals
and non-metals: Reflection, Refraction, Absorption, Transmission, Fundamentals of direct and
indirect band gap, Exciton absorption, Free carrier absorption, Absorption process involving
impurities, Photoconductivity, Luminescence, excitation and emission, Decay mechanisms,
Thallium activated alkali halides, Sulphide phosphors.
48
Books Recommended:
1. An Introduction to Solid State Physics by C. Kittel-WielyEstem Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Solid State Physics by A.J. Dekkar-Maemillan India Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Material Science and Engineering by William D. Callister JR, Wiley
4. Elementary Solid State Physics by Omar, Addison Wesly.
5. Principles of Solid State Physics by R.A. Levy-New York Academy.
6. Solid State Physics by Aschroft and Mermin-New York Holt.
49
SEMESTER IV
COURSE CODE: MPHL- 4393 (OPT-II)
COURSE TITLE: RADIATION PHYSICS
Course outcomes
CO 1. Radiation Physics aim at study the knowledge of ionizing Radiation and Radiation
Quantities.
CO 2. Make students familiar with various types of dosimeters.
CO 3. The students will have knowledge of Radiation effects and its protection.
CO 4. Develop a knowledge and understanding of the radiation shielding.
50
SEMESTER IV
COURSE CODE: MPHL- 4393 (OPT-II)
COURSE TITLE: RADIATION PHYSICS
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations,
written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination
at the end of the semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Paper Setters: Eight questions of equal marks are to be set, two in each of the
four Sections (A-D). Questions of Sections A-D should be set from Units I-IV of the syllabus
respectively. Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are
required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one question from each section. The fifth
question may be attempted from any Section. Each question carries 16 marks.
Unit – 1
Ionizing Radiations and Radiation Quantities:
Types and sources of ionizing radiation, fluence, energy fluence, kerma, exposure rate and its
measurement - The free air chamber and air wall chamber, Absorbed dose and its measurement ;
Bragg Gray Principle, Radiation dose units - rem, rad, Gray and sievert dose commitment, dose
equivalent and quality factor.
Unit- II
Dosimeters:
Pocket dosimeter, films, solid state dosimeters such as TLD, SSNTD, chemical detectors and
neutron detectors. Simple numerical problems on dose estimation.
Unit- III
Radiation Effects and Protection:
Biological effects of radiation at molecular level, acute and delayed effects, stochastic and
nonstochastic effects, Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE), Linear energy transformation
(LET), Dose response characteristics. Permissible dose to occupational and non-occupational
workers, maximum permissible concentration in air and water, safe handling of radioactive
materials, The ALARA, ALI and MIRD concepts, single target, multitarget and multihit
theories, Rad waste and its disposal, simple numerical problems.
Unit - IV
Radiation Shielding:
Thermal and biological shields, shielding requirement for medical, industrial and accelerator
facilities, shielding materials, radiation attenuation calculations-The point kernal technique,
radiation attenuation from a uniform plane source. The exponential point-Kernal. Radiation
attenuation from a line and plane source. Practical applications of some simple numerical
problems.
51
Books :
1. Nuclear Reactor Engineering by . S. Glasstone and A. Sesonke ,Van Nostrand Reinhold.
2. Radiation Theory by Alison. P. Casart
3. Radiation Biology-Radiation Bio by A. Edward Profio /Prentice Hall.
4. Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry by F.H. Attix -Wiley-VCH.
SEMESTER IV
COURSE CODE: MPHL- 4394 (OPT-III)
COURSE TITLE: REACTOR PHYSICS
Course Outcomes-
CO1. Reactor Physics aims to give an insight on functioning of Reactors.
CO2. To learn about Reactor safety and control
CO3.Types of reactors and detailed working of Indian nuclear reactors
52
SEMESTER IV
COURSE CODE: MPHL- 4394 (OPT-III)
COURSE TITLE: REACTOR PHYSICS
Syllabus
Maximum Marks: 100 (External 80 + Internal 20) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 40 Total Teaching hours: 60
Out of 100 Marks, internal assessment (based on one mid-semester tests/ internal examinations,
written assignment/project work etc. and attendance) carries 20 marks, and the final examination
at the end of the semester carries 80 marks.
Note for the Paper Setters: Eight questions of equal marks are to be set, two in each of the
four Sections (A-D). Questions of Sections A-D should be set from Units I-IV of the syllabus
respectively. Questions may be subdivided into parts (not exceeding four). Candidates are
required to attempt five questions, selecting at least one question from each section. The fifth
question may be attempted from any Section. Each question carries 16 marks.
Interaction of Neutrons with Matter in Bulk:
Thermal neutron diffusion, Transport and diffusion equations, transport mean free path, solution
of diffusion equation for a point source in an infinite medium and for an infinite plane source in
a finite medium, extrapolation length and diffusion length-the albedo concept.
Lectures 15
Moderation of Neutron:
Mechanics of elastic scattering, energy distribution of thermal neutrons, average logarithmic
energy decrement, slowing down power and moderating ration of a medium. Slowing down
density, slowing down time, Fast neutron diffusion and Fermi age theory, solution of age
equation for a point source of fast neutrons in an infinite medium, slowing down length and
Fermi age.
Lectures 15
Theory of Homogeneous Bare Thermal and Heterogeneous Natural Uranium Reactors
Neutron cycle and multiplication factor, four factor formula, neutron leakage, typical
calculations of critical size and composition in simple cases, The critical equation, material and
geometrical bucklings, effect of reflector, Advantages and disadvantages of heterogeneous
assemblies, various types of reactors with special reference to Indian reactors and a brief
discussion of their design feature.
Lectures 15
Power Reactors Problems of Reactor Control
Breeding ratio, breading gain, doubling time, Fast breeder reactors, dual purpose reactors,
concept of fusion reactors, Role of delayed neutrons and reactor period, In hour formula, excess
reactivity, temperature effects, fission product poisoning, use of coolants and control rods.
Lectures 15
Books:
1. The elements of Nuclear reactor Theory by Glasstone&Edlund-VamNostrand, 1952.
2. Introductions of Nuclear Engineering by Murray-Prentice Hall, 1961.
53
SEMESTER IV
ASSIGNMENT/PROJECT
Course No. MPHD-4395
Maximum Marks: 50 (External 40 + Internal 10) Examination Time: 3 Hours
Pass Marks: 20 Total Teaching hours: 90
Assignment and Project should be based on following techniques in:
1. Material Science
2. Computational Physics
3. Nuclear Physics
4. Advanced Theoretical Physics
5. Radiation Physics
6. Electronics
Note:
Evaluation committee will consist of following members:
1. External examiner
2. HOD, College/ Internal Examiner