Higher Education

CommissionServing as an Engine for the Socio-Economic

Development of Pakistan

Human Resource

Development

Research & Development

Economic Uplift

Prof. Dr. S. Sohail H. Naqvi

Executive Director

Higher Education Commission

Overview

2

HE Challenges & Response

Achievements to Date

HEC Strategy and Aims

Achievements to date

The Way Forward

Conclusions

Outline of Talk

Strategy for taking Pakistan forward◦ Bi-Modal Approach

Current Status & Challenges

Response to Challenges

HEC Impact

Funding of Higher Education

Pakistani Universities◦ New Roles & the Way Forward

Overarching Approach

Simultaneous Bi-Modal Approach

◦ Bottom-Up (Basic Needs)

Basic Health, Primary Education, Water ….

◦ Top-Down (Knowledge Economy)

Higher Education

Building Advanced Human Capital

Enhancing and funding domestic research for adapting

foreign technologies

Industrial Linkage

Enhance Competitiveness

GDP (PPP) / Capita Vs

Graduates Produced

Developing Countries During

2008

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Gra

du

ate

s P

rod

uced

/ 0

00

Po

p

GDP (PPP) / Capita (000 $)

Pakistan

India

China

South Africa

Malaysia

Turkey

S. Korea

The Changing Shape of Society

From Resource-based to Knowledge

Based . . .

6

Microsoft Presentation at USAID Forum in Bangladesh

Korea: A Direct Correlation

Between

Technical Manpower and Exports1960 1970 1980 1990 2001 2009

Higher

Education

Enrollment5% 8.7% 16% 37.7%

68%

*(2.6%)

80%

*(5.1%)

Exports

US$(Millions)32 660 17,214 63,214

150,439

*(10,000)

354,000

*(18,000)

* Statistics for Pakistan

Vision

Economic development is no longer

dependant on natural resources

Human Resource is the most precious

Resource of a Country

Knowledge has now become the basis

of socio-economic development

Industrialization is key to GDP growth

(through production & export of value

added goods/services)

HEC Mission

“To Facilitate Institutions of

Higher Learning to serve as an

Engine of Socio-Economic

Development of Pakistan”

Key Challenges in Higher Education

Quality

• Standard of Education, Faculty & Research

Access

• Enrollment in higher education

Relevance

• Addressing the needs for Socio-Economic Development of Pakistan

The Demographic ChallengeAccess to Tertiary Education

YearAge group

17-23 years

Do

Nothing Actual Access

2010 23.0 million 4.7% 4.7%1.1 m

2015 25.2 million 4.3% 10%2.52 m

(2.3 times increase)

2020 27.7 million 3.9% 15%4.15 m

(3.8 times Increase)

Quality Challenge

12

Base Line Data

Quality Metrics & Standards

Quality Assurance Structure

Teaching / Research Balance

Teaching – Learning Paradigm Shift

Quality Ownership

Implementation Processes

Relevance Challenge

13

Identification of Stakeholders

General Studies – Science & Technology Balance

Linkages to the Economy(Local – Regional – National – International)

Building an Innovation Culture

Higher Education Eco-System

Campus

◦ Buildings, laboratories, student services, housing

Faculty

◦ Appointment standards & processes, faculty development

Students

◦ Counseling, student life, placement

Academics

◦ Curriculum with relevance, program structure, program

diversity, learning innovation, qualification framework

Quality Assurance

◦ Statistics, Accreditation System & Processes, International

benchmarking

Higher Education Eco-System

Research◦ Grants, Publication, Innovation, Commercialization

Funding◦ Diversification, Financial Aid, Office of

Development

Administration◦ HR, Financial Management, Procurement,

Business Processes

Information◦ PERN, Digital Library, Video-Conferencing, Triple-

Play Communication

Community & Industry Linkage◦ Relevance, Outreach, Economic Development

Strategic Aims:

Responding to Challenges

16

Good Governance & Management

Quality Assurance: Standards, Assessment, Accreditation

Faculty

Development

Improving

Access &

Learning

Excellence in

Research

Relevance to

National

Priorities

Co

reS

up

po

rt

Infrastructure Development: Physical, Technology

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06* 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

37 4153 56 57 62 65 69 70 73

22

3545

51 53 56 56 57 5759

59

76

98107 110

118 121 126 127 132

116

136

168

182192

218229

246 249258

Public Private Total Total Uni+Sub Campuses

Higher Education Institutions in

Pakistan (2000 – 2009)

21

9

6 2

22

1

15

14

18

25

Private Sector

Public Sector

NA

Regional Distribution of

HEIs in Pakistan

14 3

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

800000

900000

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

276274331545

423236

471964521473

639597

738373

803507

Enrollment

Enrollment in universities & DAIs

20

Gender-wise Enrollment in Higher Education Institutions

63.04 61.4557.68

58.6 59.2

53.653.7 53.6

36.96

38.5542.32 41.4 40.8

46.4 46.3 46.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09

Male

Female

%a

ge

Quality Assurance Programme(Quality Adds value to HE)

Sensitizing academia and other stakeholders for Quality Culture in Higher Education

Development of Quality Criteria & Standards

Development of QA Processes & Capacity Building of Universities

Monitoring and Evaluation for QA

21

Quality Standards

22

Quality Criteria for award of M. Phil/PhD degree

Eligibility Criteria for faculty appointments

Criteria for Recognition of Journals & Plagiarism Policy

Affiliation Criteria

Ranking Criteria

Criteria & Guidelines for appointment of Prof. Emeritus, Meritorious Prof. & Vice Chancellors

Institutional Accreditation standards

Good Practices for Accreditation Councils

Manuals & Guidelines for QA of HE in Pakistan

Ban on Sub standard PhDs Departments

Standardization of Degree

Programs

23

Bachelors Degree

i- Engineering

Duration: 4 years [8 Semesters]

Total Credit Hours: 130 –136

Curricula Description: 65-70 % devoted to engineering courses,

30-35% devoted to non-engineering courses (general + compulsory + basic

science courses)

(ii) General Degree (BS )

Total credit hours: 130-136

Duration: 4 years [8 semester]

Curricula Description: ~ 63.50 % devoted to disciplinary courses,

~ 36.50% devoted to general + compulsory education

Other Professional Degrees –Similarly, the features for nursing, MBBS, BDS, Pharm D., Law, and

Agriculture degrees have been defined. MBBS and BDS are annual,

while the rest are semester wise

Post Graduate Degrees (MS/

MPhil)

Duration: 2 years [4 Semesters]

Total Credit Hours: 24 credit hrs. course work

6 credit. hrs. for research

Doctoral Degrees (PHD)

Duration: 4-5 years

Course Work: 18 credit hours plus research

• 17 Engineering

• 31 Social /Basic Sciences and humanities subjects

Standardization Completed

Monitoring of Private Universities /

DAIs

0

10

20

30

40

50

Category W Category X Category Y Category Z

1st inspection

2nd Inspection

Present Position

Category Position after first

inspection

(2004)

Position after 2nd

inspection

(2008)

Present Position Improvement from

First inspection

Category ‘W’ 11 12 47 36

Category ‘X’ 18 32 08 -10

Category ‘Y’ 11 09 01 -10

Category ‘Z’ 13 04 03 -10

Total 53 57 59

24

Governance

Criteria for appointment of VCs

Leadership Training

Financial Administration and Audit

Fund Raising

Community Service

Learning Innovation for Faculty &

Staff Total 11,271 courses offered

◦ 5622 Short term development courses

◦ 1504 Long term development courses

◦ 4145 Other development courses &

Workshops

Access to Information

27

Higher Education Web Portal

Video Conferencing

Digital Archive

Pakistan Education & Research Network

Enterprise Resource Planning

Video Conferencing Facility

28

Launched

in Dec

2006

2006 2007 2008 2009 Total

Universities

Equipped4 14 16 36 70

Events

organized14 532 490 894 1921

Events

Lectures /

Presentati

ons

Conferen

ces

Technic

al

Discuss

ion

Meeting

s

Intervie

ws

Total

Events

2006 3 3 8 - - 14

2007 154 10 276 63 20 523

2008 63 7 316 82 22 490

2009 63 10 630 167 24 894

Total 283 30 1230 312 66 1921

Digital Archives

E-Journals &

Books◦ 23,000 e-journals

◦ 45,000 e-books

◦ Nationwide

Computerization & Networking @

Universities

• Period 2003 - 09

• Total Projects 86

• Universities facilitated 71

• Total Spending PKR 2565m

National Research & Education Network of

Pakistan – PERN2

Network Operation Center

National Data Center

Faculty Development

Foreign PhD Scholarships

Local PhD Scholarships

Other Programs

◦ Foreign Faculty Hiring Program

◦ Post-Doc Scholarships

◦ Master Scholarships

◦ Learning Innovation

Pay-offs are beginning to appear now !!

Human Resource

Development Foreign PhD Program : 3800

◦ Completed: 303

Local PhD Program: 3508

◦ Completed 336

Post-doc Fellowships: 489

◦ Completed 298

Masters/Bachelors: 1502

◦ Completed 109

Year wise Research Output-Pakistan

815948 1038

1306

1759

2475

3639

4013

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

PhD Output

Discipline1947 - 2002

[55 years]

2003 - 2009

[ 7 Years ]

Number Number

Agriculture & Veterinary Sciences 363 450

Biological & Medical Sciences 589 601

Engineering & Technology 14 131

Business Education 11 58

Physical Sciences 688 677

Social Sciences 899 739

Arts & Humanities 663 377

Honorary 54 4

Total 3,281 3,037

Relevance to National Economy

& Regional Needs Date Palm Research

Centre at Shah Abdul Latif

University, Khairpur

Fruit and Vegetable

Processing, Sindh

Agricultural University,

Tandojam

Food Technology,

University of Agriculture,

Faisalabad

Advance Manufacturing

Engineering at UET Lahore

Earthquake Engineering

Centre, UET Peshawar &

NED, Karachi

Gemstone Training Centre

at UET Peshawar

Institute for Sustainable

Halophyte Utilization,

University of Karachi

Lab for Nuclear Physics,

QAU, Islamabad

National Institute of

Vacuum Sci, QAU,

Islamabad

Product Development

Centre at NED

Budget OutlayFY 2010/11

HE Spending as % of GDP

Financial Year HE Spending

as % of GDP

2001-02 0.10%

2002-03 0.20%

2003-04 0.20%

2004-05 0.26%

2005-06 0.29%

2006-07 0.33%

2007-08 0.27%

2008-09 0.25%

2009-10 0.22%

2010-11 0.23%

Percentage Change in Grant Per

StudentYear Pb. Sec. Enrollment Grant per Student

Number%age

IncreasesRupees

%age Increases

2001-02 135,123 - 21,809 -

2002-03 159,103 17.75% 21,907 0.45%

2003-04 183,708 15.46% 28,875 31.81%

2004-05 208,756 13.63% 33,511 16.05%

2005-06 231,601 10.94% 45,309 35.21%

2006-07 263,414 13.74% 54,411 20.09%

2007-08 316,278 20.07% 39,638 -27.15%

2008-09 333,966 5.59% 47,210 19.10%

2009-10 369,985 10.80 58,110 23.10

2010-11 [Estm.] 388,400 5.0% 59,771 2.9%

Real Recurring Grant per

Student

YearGrant Per Student

Nominal RupeesReal

Rupees

2001-02 21,809 21,063

2002-03 21,907 20,522

2003-04 28,875 25,867

2004-05 33,511 27,472

2005-06 45,309 34,419

2006-07 54,411 38,352

2007-08 39,638 24,9455

2008-09 47,210 24,777

2009-10 58,110 28,005

2010-11 [Estm.] 59,771 26,427

Future Outlay of Funding to HE

by Federal Govt.

Fiscal Year 08/09 09/10 10/11 11/12 12/13

Existing Univs (Rs bil)

Rec grants 15.766 21.500 23.220 24.845 26.585

(%) Increase - 36.4% 8% 7% 7%

Dev grants 18.500 11.250 15.762 21.500 27.00

(%) Increase -39.2% 40% 36.4% 25.6%

Total (Rec + Dev) 34.266 32.750 38.982 46.345 53.585

Planning Strategy

41

SN Strategic AreasInvestment

(Rs. In Billion)Percentage

1 Human Resource Development 79.98 48%

2Improving Access (Physical Infrastructure buildup)

57.82 34%

3Excellence in Learning & Research (Lab & ICT)

29.19 17%

4Quality Assurance & Accreditation

1.64 1%

Total Investment 168.63

Implementation Strategy

42

Priority Areas Investment (Rs. In Billion)

1. Human Resource Development 79.98

i. Foreign Scholarships 62.29

ii. Indigenous Scholarships 9.74

iii. Foreign / Eminent Faculty Placement 3.63

iv. Need Based Scholarships 1.14

v. Other Short Term Training Program 3.18

2. Improving Access (Through Infrastructure Development) 44.22

i. Academic Structures 17.08

ii. Hostel / Residential Facilities 7.64

iii. Other Common Facilities 10.82

iv. Moving out of cities 5.23

v. New Universities/DAI’s 3.45

3. Strengthening /Establishment of laboratories 29.19

i. Lab Equipment 25.11

ii. Focused on ICT infrastructure and digital divide 04.07

4. Quality Assurance and Accreditation 1.64

i. Quality Assurance Cells

ii. Quality Assurance Agencies

43

Priority AreasInvestment

(Rs. In Billion)Targets

1. Foreign Merit Scholarships 62.29 10,377

i. PhD Scholarships 60.25 8,702

ii. Post Doc Scholarships 1.25 700

iii. MBBS Scholarships 0.79 975

2. Indigenous Scholarships 9.74 7,762

3. Need Based Scholarships 1.14 3,207

4. Other Short Term Trainings 3.18 --

5. Foreign Faculty Hiring 3.63 690

Total 79.98 22,036

Human Resource Development

Improving Access Through Infrastructure Build-up

1 Existing Infrastructure Up-gradation 7.61

2 New Infrastructure of Existing Universities 30.60

3 Infrastructure of New Universities / DAI’s 6.01

Total 44.2244

Existing Infrastructure

17%

New Infrastructure

69%

New Universities14%

Rs. In Billion

Research & Development Initiative

45

1Total 1507 R & D activities undertaken under national researchprograms for universities

2Rs. 476.731 Million worth travel grants sanctioned for 3993scholars to present research papers

3Rs. 222.283 Million spent on arrangement of 629workshops/grants

4 Rs. 32.336 Million spent on Access to Scientific Instrumentation

Description No. of ProjectsInvestment

(Rs. In Billion)

During initial two years the HEClaunched small scale developmentprojects at DDWP level for 50+institutions.• immediate needs in term of

small scale building renovationsand construction, officeEquipment / Libraries upgradation etc.

• Laboratory Equipment upgrades• Setup of computer labs and

network facilities• Initiation of HRD Project

formulation

292 36.78

46

How We Did It(During Initial Two Years FY 2002-03 – FY 2004-05)

Description No. of ProjectsInvestment

(Rs. In Billion)

During next two years, HECadopted consolidation policy bypaying attention on critical areas ofcapacity issues and developedprograms/projects to minimizegaps about:• Human resource development• Lab Equipment Enhancement• Infrastructure development• ICT / Digital Library

436 75.67

47

How We Did It(During Next Two Years FY 2005-06 – FY 2006-07)

Description No. of ProjectsInvestment

(Rs. In Billion)

During last three years, the HECassisted the universities indevelopment of vision document tomeet next couple of decades needsand launched mega projects andinitiated quality assurance relatedprograms

173 56.54

48

How We Did It(During Last Three Years FY 2007-08 – To Date)

-

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Year Wise Planned Investment of HEC Development Portfolio

HRD Improving Access Excellence in Learning & Research (Lab & ICT)

Rs

. B

illio

n

49

Investment by Disciplines

Engineering Universities

28.21 Bill

17%

IT & Management

Sciences

18.39

11%Medical Sciences

5.60

3%

Agriculture

7.92

5%

General Universities/

Centres

46.26

27%

HEC

62.62

37%

50

Moving out of Big Cities to Rural communities

51

SN City InstituteCost

(Rs. In Billion)

1 Mirpure AJK Mir Pur University of Science & Technology 0.32

2 Gilgit Karakurm International University 0.868

3 Swat Malakand University 0.746

4 Dir. Upper Shaeed Benizir Bhutto University Dir Upper 0.478

5 Bannu Bannu University of S&T. UET Peshawar Sub-campus 0.467

6 Kohat Kohat University of Science & Technology, kohat 1.402

7 Abbotabad NWFP UET Campus and CIIT Sub-campus 1.152

8 Rahim Yar khan Islamia University Bahawalpur Sub-campus 0.416

9 Bahawal Nagar Islamia University Bahawalpur Sub-campus 0.408

10 D.G.khan UAF & BZU Sub-campuses 0.137

11 Sahiwal BZU & CIIT Sub-campus 0.885

12 Toba Tek Sing UAF Sub-campus 0.038

13 Jhang LCW University Sub-campus 0.057

14 Okara University of Education & UAF Sub-campus 0.984

15 Patokki University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Patokki 0.57

16 Attock CIIT Sub-campus 0.504

17 Sukkur Sukkur-IBA 0.527

18 Uthal LUAWMS, Uthal Lasbela 0.584

Total 10.543

Investment by Gender

Sr. UniversityNo. of

ProjectsInvestment (Rs.

In Billion)

1 Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi 10 0.88

2 Lahore College for Women University Lahore 12 0.79

3 Frontier Women University Peshawar 01 0.46

4 SBK Women’s University Quetta 05 0.16

5 Kinnaird College for Women Lahore 02 0.08

6 Women University Multan 01 1.14

Total 31 3.5152

PerformanceProject Completion Achievements

53

Project CategoryNo of

Projects%

Percentage

Projects Completed (PC-IV Submitted) 497 79 %

Under Implementation (with extended Time Frame)

134 21 %

No. of Projects On-going

21%No. of Projects

Completed79%

Component-wise investment against projects with releases complete (631 Projects)

Infrastructure Development

53%

HRD9%

Lab & ICT Equipment

38%

54

Area of InvestmentCost

(In Rs. Billion)

Infrastructural Development 17.79

Human Resource Development 3.39

Lab & ICT Equipment 14.01

Total 35.19

Focused Areas under Completed Projects (PC-IV submitted- 497 Projects)

Area of InvestmentCost

(In Rs. Billion)

Infrastructural Development 10.86

Human Resource Development 1.45

Lab & ICT Equipment 9.85

Total 22.16

Infrastructure Development

49%

Human Resource

Development6%

Lab & ICT Equipment

45%

55

EMERGING CHALLENGES:

The Way Forward

Gross Tertiary Enrolment Ratio

In Selected Countries

57

5

12

30

58

93

94

0 20 40 60 80 100

Pakistan

India

Malaysia

Israel

Korea

Finland

Percentage

UNdata website 2006

University intake and HSC passed

students projections (000)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

univ intake

HSC passed students

Education Policy 2009

Yet Another Challenge! Allocation to Education

◦ Current Expenditure 1.5*%

◦ To HE sector 0.21 %

◦ New Education Policy: 7% by 2015

Allocation % of HE to Education

◦ Current: 17.5 % ($ 0.5B)

◦ New Education Policy: 20%

Less then 4.7 % (1.1 million) access to higher

education ◦ Will be raised to10% by 2015 (Enhance by 1.4 Million)

◦ 15% by 2020 (Enhance by 3.05 Million)

Funding Implication

GDP

◦ Current: $ 168 billion

◦ 2015 Estimated GDP $ 220 billion

Allocations in 2015

◦ 7 % to Education: Rs.1464 billion ($17.6B)

◦ 20% to HEC: Rs. 293 billion* ($3.5B)

* At least 35-37 % increase every year

to meet the Education Policy goals by

2015

In Conclusion: HEC Plans

Move ahead with the same momentum

Improve equitable access

Correct imbalances

Ensure better governance and accountability

Focus on world class quality in education

and research

Innovate and help create a knowledge

economy relevant to the socio-economic

development of Pakistan

New Role for Universities

Economic Impact of Research

• UITSP

• Industry Relevant Centers

• Curriculum Review

• New Academic Programs

Univ. Industry Linkage

• Office of Research

• Patent Search Support

• International Patenting Support

IP Protection

• Pakistan Innovation Board

• Technology Incubator

Incubation

New Roles for the Universities Universities Building Communities◦ Poverty Alleviation

◦ Communication

Universities Building Economies◦ Relevance and Value Addition

◦ Incubators and Technology Parks

Fund Raising◦ Continuing Education

◦ Research & Consultancy

◦ Philanthropy

Addressing National Challenges◦ Education, Health, Food Security, Water & Energy

Thank you.