The Haven Landscape Management Plan 2015

THE HAVEN

AUGUST 2015

L A N D S C A P EM A N A G E M E N T

P L A N

Prepared for The Haven byTOPOGRAPHICS LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 INTRODUCTION1.2 PURPOSES OF THE PLAN

2.0 LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT2.1 ABIOTIC2.2 BIOTIC 2.2.1 TREESATTHEHAVEN 2.2.2 TREEMAPPING 2.2.3 UNDERSTOREYASSESSMENT2.3 CULTURAL 2.3.1 LANDSCAPEEXPERIENCE 2.3.2 MEMORIALSANDASHES

3.0 SITE-WIDE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES3.1 VEGETATION PRESERVATION & PROTECTION 3.1.1 PROTECTIONDURING CONSTRUCTION 3.1.2 TREES&CONSTRUCTION3.2 VEGETATION ENHANCEMENT 3.2.1 TREETHINNING 3.2.2 UNDERSTOREYPLANTING 3.2.3 LAWNMANAGEMENT3.3 WINDTHROW & HAZARD TREE MANAGEMENT3.4 FIRE RISK MANAGEMENT 3.4.1 FIRERISKGUIDELINES3.5 INVASIVE PLANT AND WEED MANAGEMENT3.6 INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT 3.7 IRRIGATION 3.7.1 ESTABLISHMENTIRRIGATION 3.7.2 MAINTENANCEIRRIGATION 3.7.3 RECLAIMEDWATER3.8 WILDLIFE & HABITAT 3.8.1 TREESASHABITAT 3.8.2 UNDERSTOREYHABITAT3.9 WOODY DEBRIS MANAGEMENT & MULCHING3.10 COMPOSTING & FERTILIZING3.11 SOIL COMPACTION3.12 MEMORIALS3.13 PAVED AREAS AND TRAILS3.14 OTHER LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS

4.0 LANDSCAPE ZONES4.1 WOODLAND GARDENS 4.1.1 ZONEDESCRIPTION 4.1.2 EXISTINGSPECIES 4.1.3 RECOMMENDEDSPECIES 4.1.4 SPECIALCONSIDERATIONS4.2 ORNAMENTAL GARDENS 4.2.1 ZONEDESCRIPTION 4.2.2 EXISTINGSPECIES 4.2.3 RECOMMENDEDSPECIES 4.2.4 SPECIALCONSIDERATIONS4.3 MEADOW LAWN ZONES 4.3.1 ZONEDESCRIPTION 4.3.2 REJUVENATION4.4 SHORELINE ZONE MANAGEMENT 4.4.1 ZONEDESCRIPTION 4.4.2 EXISTINGSPECIES 4.4.3 RECOMMENDEDSPECIES 4.4.4 SPECIALCONSIDERATIONS4.5 FOREST MANAGEMENT 4.5.1 ZONEDESCRIPTION 4.5.2 EXISTINGSPECIES 4.5.3 RECOMMENDEDSPECIES 4.5.4 SPECIALCONSIDERATIONS

5.0 LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT5.1 SERVICE MODEL5.2 PERSONNEL & ROLES5.3 SEASONAL MAINTENANCE5.4 RECORD KEEPING

6.0 PLANT MAINTENANCE6.1 TREE ASSESSMENT6.2 TREE PRUNING6.3 SHRUB MAINTENANCE

APPENDIX A SUPPLIERSAPPENDIX B MONTHLY REPORTAPPENDIX C ANNUAL SCHEDULEAPPENDIX D FERTILIZER APPENDIX E TREE PROTECTION ZONESAPPENDIX F MAINTENANCE NEEDS OF PLANTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

TheHavenissituatedonaspectacularsiteonthetraditionalterritoryoftheSnuneymuxwFirstNationpeople,andintheveryspecialenvironmentofBC’sGulfIslands.Theforest,gardens,andseashorelandscapesofferarichlybeautifulandnaturalsettingandformanimportantpartofguestexperience.Sinceitsbeginningoverthirtyyearsago,TheHavenhasalwaysrespected,valued,andcaredforthesite’slandscape.Buildingswerebuilttopreservesignificanttrees.Largeareashavebeenleftasforest.DonMattson,TheHaven’sdedicatedgardenersince2000,hasactivelymanagedthegardensandforest,effectivelyeradicatinginvasivespeciesandencouragingthelandscapetoflourish.

ThisLandscapeManagementPlanisintendedtocaptureDonMattson’sinstitutionalknowledgebeforehisretirement.ItalsoelucidatesTheHaven’slandscapemanagementvaluesandgoalstohelpguidedecisionsinthefuture-continuingtheeffortstoreduceirrigationneeds,encourageclimatechangeresiliency,reducemaintenancerequirements,andenhancenativebio-diversity,whileprovidinganattractive,healingenvironmentandidentifiablesenseofplaceforguests.Additionally,thisdocumentprovidesclarityontheon-goingtasksandseasonalmaintenanceneedsofthelandscape,toassistfuturegardenersandthemanagementteaminbudgetingandscheduling.

Therearemanyrecommendationsthroughoutthisreport.Thefollowinglistprovidesaprioritizedsummary.Backgroundontherecommendationandadditionaldetailscanfoundinthereferencedsection.

First Priority Recommendations• Allbuildingorsiteimprovements/majormaintenanceprojects(frominitialplanningthrough

construction)shouldfollowtherecommendationsinSection3.1(VegetationProtection).• Allnewplanting,especiallyestablishmentofnewbeds,shouldbeplanned,installed,irrigatedand

maintainedaccordingtotherecommendationsthroughoutthisreport.• Clearlydefinevehicularandpedestriancirculationareastoavoidsoilcompaction.(SeeSection3.1

VegetationProtection).CreateaboardwalksectionthroughtheHavenLot’sheritagetrees.Interpretivesignagecanmakethetrailsaneducationalfeature.

• Initiateaprogramofpruningandthinningsmallertrees.(SeeSection3.2.1TreeThinning).• Purchaseahighqualitychipper.Eliminatetheon-siteburnpileandinsteadcreatemulchfromwoody

waste.(SeeSection3.9WoodyDebrisManagementandMulching).• Increasethemulchlayerthicknessthroughoutthesite.Purchasecommercialmulchorsourcefreemulch

fromlocalarborists(SeeSection3.9WoodyDebrisManagementandMulching).• Continuethecurrentpracticeofregulartreehazardassessment(SeeSection3.3).• Reduce“ladderfuels”throughoutthesite,andimplementmorerigorousfireriskmanagementmeasures

inthemorefrequentedareas.Clearbranchesthatcouldfallonthehigh-voltagepowerlines.(SeeSection3.4FireRiskManagement).

• Relocatepropanetanksaminimumof10mfrombuildings.(SeeSection3.4FireRiskManagementandFacilitiesMasterplanAppendixJ).

• Continuethepracticeofremovinginvasiveplantsbeforetheyhavebecomeestablished.Phaseoutgardenspeciesthatarenowconsideredinvasive.(SeeSection3.5InvasivePlantandWeedManagement)

• Allowforestablishmentirrigationforanynewplantingsinthefacility’sannual“waterbudget”(SeeSection3.7.1EstablishmentIrrigation).

• MakeandapplyCompleteOrganicFertilizers.(SeeSection3.10CompostingandFertilizing).• Rejuvenatelawnareaswithannualaeration,top-dressing,andoverseeding.(SeeSection3.2.3Lawn

ManagementandSection4.3MeadowLawnZoneManagement).• Mulchtreerootzonesinareasofturftoavoiddamagebystringmowers.

Figure 1 The Haven Properties

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Lower Priority Recommendations• Purchasetruckloadsofhighqualitytopsoilorcomposttoincreasetheorganicmatterandmoisture

retentionofthesoil.(SeeSection3.72MaintenanceIrrigation)• Usingpurchasedorgrownonsiteplants,increasethediversityanddensityofthenativeunderstorey

intheforestedareasofthesite.(SeeSection3.2.2UnderstoreyEnhancement).Thiswillalsohappennaturallythroughtreethinningandbetterdefiningcirculation.

Long Term Priority Recommendations• EstablishaplantnurseryonTheHaven’sproperties.(SeeSection3.2.2UnderstoreyPlanting).• Continuephasingoutgardenplantsthatrequiresupplementalmaintenanceirrigation.• Createamorebio-diverseshorelineedge(SeeSection4.4ShorelineZones).• WhenimplementingprojectsfromtheFacilitiesMasterplan,clearlyidentifytheappropriatelandscape

managementzoneandplanttheappropriatespecies.Useasimple,repetitiveplantpalettetoestablishastrongersenseofplaceandlandscapecharacter.

Figure 1 The Haven Properties

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 IntroductionTheHavenislocatedonaspectacularwaterfrontsiteonGabriolaIslandintheFirstNationTerritoryoftheSnuneymuxwPeople.Theforest,gardens,andseashorelandscapesofferarichlybeautifulandnaturalsetting,andformanimportantpartofguestexperience.SinceTheHaven’sinception,theFoundersandsubsequentmanagement,placegreatvalueonrespecting,caringfor,andvaluingthenaturallandscapeofthesite.Buildingswerebuilttopreservesignificanttrees,andlargeareaswereleftasuntouchedforest.

In2005,TheHavencommissionedaVegetationManagementPlan(VMP),preparedbyPottingerGahertyEnvironmentalConsultantsLtd.(PGE),toprovidehigh-levelstrategiestomaintainandenhancetheecologicalenvironmentofthesite.Conceptsinthisdocumentremainrelevanttoday,anditshouldbeconsideredacompanionandresourcedocumentforthisLandscapeManagementPlan(LMP).TheLMPintegratesandupdatestheconceptsoftheVMP,respondstothedevelopmentconceptsproposedinthe2014FacilitiesMasterplan,andprovidesmoredetailedinformationonsitemanagementinamoredirectlyusableform.

TheHavenhasadedicatedgardenerwhohasbeenonstaffsince2000.DonMattson’scommitmenttoTheHaven’slandscapeshasbeenoneofdeepcareandstewardship.Underhisefforts,invasivespecieshavebeenmostlyeradicated,theforestsarenowactivelymanaged,andthegardensflourish,tothedelightofstaffandguests.In2008,DonMattsonproducedaMaintenanceSummaryReport,whichoutlinedthegardenersworkresponsibilitiesandroutines,describedthechallengesandprinciplesofmanagingthelandscapes,andmappedthespecimenplantsonthesite.TheMaintenanceSummaryReportisalsoareferencedocumentforthisPlan,anditsresourceshavebeenintegratedintothisreport.

1.2 Purposes of the Landscape Management PlanAsafirst-classlearningcentrewelcomingguestsfromalloverworld,TheHavenrequiresawellmaintainedandmanagedlandscapesetting.Thelandscapesshouldbeattractive,safe,andcomfortable,andreflectanatmosphereofcare.ImmersioninthebeautifulandrarenaturalenvironmentofBC’sGulfIslandsisanintegralpartofguestexperienceatTheHaven,andindeedisundeniablyanelementofTheHaven’s“brand.”ThisdocumentprovideshistoricalandcurrentinformationonhowthelandscapesandgardensshouldbemanagedtoenhancethesenseofplaceandnaturalexperienceatTheHaven.

ResponsiblestewardshipofthenaturalenvironmentisanimportantvalueforTheHavenandformspartofitsmissionstatement.TheSiteissituatedintheCoastalDouglas-firbiogeoclimaticzone(CDF),consideredrareandendangeredbytheConservationDataCentre(PGE,2005).TheFacilitiesMasterplanGuidingPrinciplesstatetheimportanceofmanagementactingasstewardsofthesiteandislandecosystems,balancingtheoperationalneedsofafunctioningcentrewithpreservingthenaturalenvironment.Thisdocumentprovidesdirectiononmonitoring,protecting,andenhancingtheecologyofthesite.Conceptsaddressedincludeabalancedapproachtoreducingfireriskswithminimalenvironmentalimpact,aswellaspro-activelymanagingforongoingclimatechangeandwaterrestrictions.

WateriscrucialtodaytodayactivitiesattheHaven.ThefracturedbedrockaquiferundertheHavensitehasalimitedabilitytostorewaterandwateravailabilitycanvarywidelybasedonseasonalrainfall.Duringthedrysummermonths,watersourcesfromgroundwaterandrainwaterharvestingcangodry.Cisternstorageiskeytoprovidingwaterduringthesummermonths,butcurrentlyisinsufficienttoconsistentlymeetneeds.Occasionally,supplementalwatermustbetruckedinfromNanaimototheproperty.Allwateristreated

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priortouse.Summerwateristhereforeapreciousandexpensiveresourceonsite.Thisdocumentaddressesvariousstrategiesforencouraginghealthy,attractivelandscapesthatrequireminimalsupplementalirrigation.

Additionally,DonMattsonisexpectedtoretireinthenextfewyears.Thisdocumentisalsointendedto:capturehisknowledgeofthesiteandplantcyclesandmaintenance;provideinformationtoTheHaven’sstaffforcurrentandfutureuse;andspecificguidanceforcurrentandfuturegardeners.

Thefacilityisalsoexpectedtoundergosignificantchangesoverthenextfewdecades,asoutlinedintheFacilityMasterplan.Thisdocumentfurtherprovidesprinciplesandguidelinesforenvironmentalprotectionduringconstruction,aswellasrecommendedspeciesandmaintenancestandardsfornewlandscapes,buildingontheconceptsandprinciplesoftheFacilityMasterplan.

2.0 LANDSCAPE ASSESSMENT

2.1 Abiotic Assessment: Climate, Bedrock, SoilsThefoundationsofthetypeofnativelandscapefoundatTheHavensitearetheabioticelementsofthesite-solaraspect,windpatterns,rainfallamounts,maritimeinfluences,andthesandstonebedrockthatistheparentmaterialofthenativesoil.Thesiteslopesgentlytowardsthesea,withanoverallwesternsolaraspect.Theseaedge,alongwiththeareasoflawnandlowplantings,allowsforlighttoaccessdeeperintothesite.Thepredominantwinddirectiononthesiteisfromthesoutheastandnorthwest,butthenorthweststormsarethemostsevere,comingdirectlyoffofthesea,duringthewintermonths(NovembertoJanuary).Windthrowofbranches,particularlyfromthepredominantDouglas-fir,iscommonandcanbehazardous,asistheriskoftreefallduetowind.

RainfallontheislandsfollowstheMediterraneanclimatepatternofwarm,drysummersandcool,wetwinters.Thenativevegetationhasevolvedtotolerateperiodsofwetsoilandextendedperiodsofdrought.Winterprecipitationamountsare900-1100mmeachyearaveragewith80%oftherainarrivingbetweenOctoberandApril.Minimumtemperaturesarebetween-2°Cto-12°Candmaximumtemperaturesareinthe30°Crange.AccordingtoAgricultureCanadatheclimatezonesforthisareawillrangefromminimumzone7tomaximumzone9,dependingonmicroclimate.Anaverageof200frost-freedaysmakesfora3seasongrowingperiod,withdormantperiodsduringdroughtandduringthecoldestmonthsofDecember&January(growingspurtsontreesandshrubsFebruary-April,May–earlyJuly,September–October).

Thecoolwetairandwindalsocarriessaltsprayfromtheocean,andlocalvegetationhasacertaindegreeofsalttolerance.ThepredominantbedrockmaterialonGabriolaissandstoneoverlaidwithsoilthatisamixtureofweatheredsandstone,glacialtill,andorganics.TheSoilsofGabriolamapproducedbyAgriculturalCanadaidentifiesthelocalsoilclassificationasSaturna,agravellysandyloam(AgriculturalCanada,1989).ThedepthofsoilonTheHavensitevaries,buttherepocketsofunusuallydeepmaterial,atleastinthesouthendofthesite,asevidencedbythecisternfoundationdugforthePhoenixBuilding,andrecentsoilpercolationtestsforthenewdripdisposalsepticsysteminthesoutheastcornerofthesite.Generallysoilsareacidicandwelldrainingwiththeoccasionalpocketofclay.

TheHavenfallswithintheCoastalDouglas-fir(CDF)bio-geoclimaticzone,asdefinedbytheBCMinistryofForests.Abio-geoclimaticzonerelatestoageographicareahavingsimilarpatternsofenergyflows,vegetationandsoilsasaresultofamacroclimate(EcosystemsofBritishColumbia,Meidinger&Pojar1991).TheCoastalDouglas-firzoneisoneofthesmallestinBC,consistingoftheGulfIslands,andsomesmallpocketsalongthesoutheastcoastofVancouverIslandandsouthwestcoastoftheMainland.TheMediterranean-likeclimate


haslonger,driersummersandiswarmerthansurroundingzones,aresultoftherainshadowoftheOlympicPeninsulaandVancouverIslandmountains,combinedwiththetemperingairofthePacificOcean.Manyspecieshereareveryrare,andsome,suchasarbutusandGarryoak,occurnowhereelseinCanada.Thedominantvegetationisitsnamesake,theCoastalDouglas-fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii ssp. menziesii).Theclimatealsomakesthisaveryattractiveregionforpeople,andtheresultingdevelopmentpressureshavefurtherreducedthenativeecosystems.Allofthenativeplantcommunitiesthatarefoundonsiteareclassifiedas“Red-Listed“,whichmeansrareandendangered,bytheConservationDataCentre(CDC).

ClimatechangeispredictedtoshiftthespeciesfoundinthecurrentCDFzone–includingwesternredcedarandwesternhemlock–farthernorth,transitioningtheGulfIslandstoadriertypeofvegetationsystem,includingmoregrasslandandoaksavannah,morelikeourGarryOakmeadowecosystems(Hebda,Dr.R.,RoyalBCMuseum,Victoria).

2.2 Biotic Assessment: Flora & Fauna2.2.1 Trees at The HavenThenativetreesatTheHavenaretypicalfortheregion.ThedominanttreespeciesisDouglas-fir,(Pseudotsuga menziesii ssp. menziesii)intermixedwithgrandfir(Abies grandis),westernredcedar(Thuja plicata),arbutus(Arbutus menziesii),redalder(Alnus rubra),andwesternyew(Taxus brevifolia).Theforestispredominantlysecondgrowthandprobablylessthan80yearsold,asreportedlymostoftheislandburnedandthenwasloggedinthe1930’s.Thenon-nativetreesonsitehavebeenplantedovertheyears,someasmemorialsbyTheHavencommunity.Theyinclude:Japanesemaple(Acer palmatum),Atlascedar(Cedrus deodara),gingko(Gingko biloba),apple(Malus sp.),ornamentalcherry(Prunus sp.),redoak(Quercus rubra),mountainash(Sorbus aucuparia),monkeypuzzle(Araucaria araucana),andwindmillpalm(Trachycarpus fortunei).

TherearesomeolderspeciesofDouglas-firinthesouthwestcornerofthesiteandontheresidentiallyzonedpropertyknownas“HavenLot”.Thesemajestictreesarelikelymorethan250yearsold(PottingerGaherty,2005),areinrelativelygoodhealthandlikelytolastformanymoredecades.Theydoappeartobesufferingsomestress(withsignsofbirdandinsectactivity),likelyasaresultofsoilcompactionovertheirrootsfromfoottrafficofadmiringvisitors.DonMattsonhasbegunworktodirectcirculation,blockrandomtrails,andcreateadjacentseating/viewingareas.TheFacilityMasterplanfurtherrecommendsconstructionofaformalboardwalktrailandseatingareasthroughthisarea,perhapsaspartofalongerinterpretivetrailalongTheHaven’swaterfrontandwithdirectionstoconnecttotheMalaspinaGalleries.Interpretivesignagecoulddescribethenativefloraandfeaturestoenhancetheexperienceofthesenseofplaceforinternationalvisitors.

2.2.2 Tree MappingThe2005PottingerGahertyeffortidentified,tagged,andassessedthetreesgreaterthan20cmindiameteratbreastheight(dbh).Treesnotedasasignificant,wildlifeordangertreeswerealsogenerallylocatedonsite.Treesnotedassignificantincludedlargerspecimens,ormoreunusualspecies(grandfir,arbutus,andwesternyew).WildlifetreeswereclassifiedassuchaccordingtotheWildlifeTreeCommitteeofBC’sdefinition:“awildlife treeisanystandingdeadorlivetreewithspecialcharacteristicsthatprovidevaluablehabitatfortheconservationorenhancementofwildlife.”MostofthewildlifetreesatTheHavenarelivingtreeswithvisiblesignsofwoodpeckeractivity.Dangertrees(HazardTrees)werenotedasthosethatmaybehazardoustopeopleorfacilities,duetotheirlocationandshowingindicatorsofthepotentialtofailstructurally.

Duringthe2013/2014FacilitiesMasterplaneffort,treesover20cmdbhweremoreaccuratelymappedusingatotalstationtheodolite,whichlocatedthetreesinrelationtothesitesurvey.Treesizesandspecieswerealso

Figure 2 Existing Tree Map


noted.Thiswillallowfutureprojectplanningeffortstodesignaroundexistingtreeswherepossible,andmakechoicesaboutwhichtreestoretain.SeeFigure2fortheExistingTreeMap.

2.2.3 Understorey AssessmentWoodlands & ForestsCoastalDouglasfirplantcommunitiesareanendangeredecosystemandshouldbeprotectedandenhanced.Intheforest,treesprovidethecanopylayer,whiletheshrubs,herbaceous&evergreenperennials,andmossesprovidetheunderstoreyandgroundcoverlayer.Alltheselayersareintegralpartsofahealthyforest,woodlandandgarden.Ahealthyanddiverseunderstoreyconsistsofasignificant(75%ormore)percentageofthesoilbeingcoveredbythefoliageofshrubs,herbaceousperennialsandmosses.Thiscoveragewillhelptoprotectthesoilfromerosion,conservewaterinthesoil,protecttreeroots,helptopreventandcontrolpedestriantraffic.

Summary of Forest Understorey HealthAreasoftheunderstoreyarehealthyandvibrantwherethereisgoodcoverageofsalalandmahonia.Otherareasarelackinganunderstoreyandshouldberestored.Themostimportantareastorestoreare:areasonthepathsedges,areasontheroadwayedges,areasaroundparkingandareasaroundthetrunksoftrees(toprotecttheroots).Clearindicationsofparkingedgesandroadwayswouldhelpprotecttreesnexttotheroads,especiallyifthereisahealthyshrubunderstoreytodistinguishtheedge.Salal,vanillaleaf,dullOregongrapeandareaallgreatunderstoreyplantsthatcreateexcellentgroundcoverandareexistingintheunderstoreyatthemoment.

Garden UnderstoryGroundcoverinallornamentalplantingareasactasalivingmulchandunderstoreylayertothetreesandshrubs.Currentgardenselectionsofplantsaresuitabletothistaskandcurrentusesofgroundcoverareworkingwell.

Shoreline UnderstoryTheshorelineattheHavenhasdifferentareasofvegetation.Currentlythereisawideaccesstotheoceanandrockoutcropsfromthemainlawn,withsomeareasoftreesandunderstoreyshrublayersonthenorthandsouthshorelinearea.

2.3 Cultural Landscape AssessmentAculturallandscapeassessmentreferstoananalysisofalandscape’saesthetic,experiential,spiritualandotherhumanculturalvalues.

2.3.1 Landscape Experience Thelandscapeisanintegralaspectofguest,facultyandstaffexperienceatTheHaven.Inparticular,guestsfromotherplacesandclimatesparticularlyvaluethenativeenvironmentofaGulfIslandlandscape,andanimportantpartofwhatTheHavenofferstovisitors.Theoveralllandscapeiscomposedofconstructedspaces(buildings,gardens,openlawns,paths,parking,decksetc.),combinedwiththespectacularnaturalsettingofforestandshoreline,withlongrangeviewsoverthewatertotheislandsandmainlandbeyond.Thelandscapeoffersaphysicalandspiritualexperienceofconnectiontonatureandtheelements.Withintheforest,oneexperiencesasenseofenclosure;aheightenedawarenessoftheforegroundandcolumnsoftreetrunks;anddeepshadeandwindprotectionfromthecanopy.Inthecentralareasofthesite,consistingoflawns,hardscape,andgroundcoverplantingareas,oneexperiencesasenseofopenness,withlongrangeviewsandexposuretosun,windandrain.Theflowersandtexturesofthegardenlandscapesoffercolour,focalpoints,andaccents,andatendedcharacter.Sculptures,specialgardens,offerings,andotherelementsplacedbyThe


Havencommunitycanbefoundthroughoutthesite,providingmomentsofwhimsy,awayto“leaveamark”andconnecttothesite,andartisticexpressionsoftheenvironmentandTheHaven’steachings.

2.3.2 Memorials and Ashes ThedeepconnectionofTheHavencommunitytothesitehasledtomanymemorials(suchastreeplantings,sculptures,andbenches)beingplacedandcrematedremainsbeingscatteredhereovertheyears.Onlysomememorialsareidentifiedbymarkersorsignage.

3.0 SITE-WIDE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

3.1 Vegetation Preservation and ProtectionTheHavenisaverybusycentre,withfacilitieslocatedthroughoutthesite,andsomeofthedesirelinesforfoottrafficarenotmarkedorthepathsarenarroworinpoorcondition.Uncontrolledfoot&vehiculartrafficcausessoilcompaction,whichimpactstreeandvegetationgrowth,andcantramplenaturallyregeneratingseedlings.Thefollowingrecommendationswillhelptolimitcompactionandclarifyroutefinding:

• Establishclearroutesforfootpathcirculation,particularlythroughtheforestednaturalareas,andwheretheunderstoreyiscurrentlysparseandfoottrafficisrandom.Trailroutesshouldconsiderexistingdesirelines,futuredevelopmentplans,andspecialfeaturestohighlightoravoiddisturbing.Asimplestake-postandcablebarriersystemorlogwheelstopsandbarrierscanmarktrails,parkingareasandroadedges.

• Constructaboardwalktrailsegmentandseatingareasaroundorthroughtheold-growthtreestoprotectthemfromcompactionwhilehighlightingthemassitefeatures.Alternatively,constructwoodchippathwaysthatareraisedratherthandugdownbelowgrade.

• Mulchareasthataresensitivetocompactionwithchippingsfromtreemaintenanceorleavescollectedfromthelawnareas.

• Createdenseareasofgroundcoverbyreplanting,andreseedingexistingandexposedareasofsoilthatarenotusedascirculationpathsorparking.

• Defineroadwaysandedgesofroadwayswithmulchorgroundcoverandbyusinglogs,stake-postandcablebarriersystemorlowsplitrailfencestodefineedgestoparkingareas,andlogsaswheelstops.

• Mulchtreerootzonesinareasofturftoavoiddamagebystringmowers.

3.1.1 Vegetation Preservation and Protection during ConstructionConservationofthenaturalforestenvironmentisanimportantguidingprincipleforTheHaven,asoutlinedintheFacilityMasterplan.Atthesametime,facilityrenewalanddevelopmentplansarelikelytorequiretheremovalofsomevegetation,orotherwisechangelocalizedconditionssuchasamountsofsun,shade,windorrun-off.Identifyingsignificantspecimensorgroupingstobepreservedmustbeconsideredduringtheplanning

Tree root zones in areas of turf should have mulch added to protect from mowing damage

Tree root damage from mowing

T R E E SSymbol Botanical Name Common Name

Abies grandis Grand Fir

Acer palmatum Japanese Maple

Alnus rubra Red Alder

Arbutus menziesii Arbutus

Cedrus deodara Atlas Cedar

Gingko biloba Gingko

Malus sp Apple

Prunus sp Cherry

Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas Fir

Quercus rubra Red Oak

Sorbus aucuparia Mountainash

Taxus brevifolia Western Yew

Thuja plicata Western Red Cedar

Trachycarpus fortunei Windmill Palm

Ap

Gb

Ms

Ps

Qr

Sa

Tf

Cd

Tf

Ap

Sa

Qr

Ps

Ps

Ps

Cd

Ms

FairHaven Haven Lot HavenHaus

Kelley PooleGarden

Havenside

Figure 3 Existing Trees and the Facilities Master Plan


anddesignofimplementationphases.Figure3illustrateswherethesignificanttreesmaybeimpactedduringthebuildoutoftheFacilitiesMasterPlan.Itwillbeusefultoflagsignificanttrees,basedonthisdrawing,toberemovedorprotectedastheMasterPlanBuildoutproceeds.Treeswithinbuildingenvelopeswillneedtoberemoved.Treeswithinexcavationzonesorconstructionzonesthatcannotbeprotected(roughlywithin4metresofconstructionarea-withexceptions)willneedtoberemoved.TreesthattheHavendeemssignificantandnottoberemovedwillrequireprotectionfromsoilcompaction,root,canopyandtrunkdamage.Othertreeswillneedtobeassessedonanindividualbasistodeterminetheimpactconstructionwillhaveontheirhealthandabilitytothrivepostconstruction.Treeprotectionshouldbeconsideredandimplementedpriortoconstruction.SeeAppendixE.

3.1.2 Trees & ConstructionThetreerootzoneconsistsofasubsurfacenetworkofroots,bothstructuralandfeedingrootswhicharealiveandsusceptibletocompaction,disturbance,gradechanges.Treerootswillneedtobepartofthediscussionateachconstructionstep,inordertoretainthevaluableserviceofthewoodlandandforestattheHaven.Includingthetreesandothervegetationinconstructionplanningwillbethekeytotreehealth.Recommendationsforprotectingvegetationduringdevelopmentinclude:

• Developdesignsthatavoidgradechange(cutorfill),compaction,ordisturbancewithinaminimumofthedriplineor2.5meterradiusormorefortreesthataregreaterthan20cmdiameterbreastheight(dbh)ormore.Ifmorethan30%ofatree’srootzonemaybeimpacted,itshouldbeputunderapost-constructionmonitoringprogramtonoteanysignsofstressorhazardpotential.

• Anarboristassessmentshouldbeperformedduringfinaldesignphases,to:confirmifatreeidentifiedforpreservationisingoodhealth;ascertainspecificdataonrootandbranchingpatternindecidingwhetheratreemaywithstanddisturbance;andassesshowthedevelopmentmaychangethelocalizedsun,windorhydrologyconditionsandimpactadjacenttreesorgroupings.

• DevelopTreeProtectionPlans.Identifylocationsforprotectivetemporarybarrierfencingaroundthecanopydriplinefortreesinconstructionzones.Identifyareastobeusedforconstructioncirculationandmaterialsstorageinadvance,toavoiddisturbanceinthebufferzones.Siteactivitiesthatunavoidablyrequireaccesswithinthebufferzoneshouldbedoneonlyduringperiodswherethesoilisdry.Sheetsofplywoodoverwoodchipmulchorothermethodstodistributeloadofoverabroaderareashouldbeused,toavoidcompactingthesoil.Thestem/trunkshouldalsobewrappedinburlaporothermaterialtoprotectfromdirectdamage.

• Workaroundtreerootsshouldbedoneindryweatheraswetsoilswillcompactmoreeasily.Mulchtreerootstopreventmoisturelossandreducecompaction.

• Smallertreesandshrubsmaybedugandrelocatedbutshouldbeassessedonanindividualbasis.Rootpruningpreparationfortransplantmayberequiredforlargertreesandshrubsandthismaybedoneup6monthstoayearinadvanceofthemove.Transplantsmustbedoneinthedormantseasons,eitherfallorearlyspringbeforebudbreak.TheWindmillPalmmaybeanexceptionasitisbesttotransplantinwarmerweatherandperhapsearlyJunewouldbebest.

• Vehicularandpedestriancirculationandmaterialsstorageshouldnotimpacttreerootsduringconstruction.Clearlydefinedcirculationandmaterialsstorageareasshouldbewelldefinedinadvance.

• Trenchingintreedareasshouldbedonebyhand,orbyairspade(airpressureusedtodislodgesoilwithoutdamagingroots)inareasoflargetreerootstodeterminethelocationofthelargerstructuralroots.Theserootsshouldbeprotectedandtrenchingshouldbedoneunderneathorontopofthestructuralroots.Anarboristshouldbeonhandtolocaterootspriortotrenching.

• SeeAppendixEformoreonTreeProtectionZones.


3.2 Vegetation Enhancement3.2.1 Tree ThinningInmanyforestareasofthesite,theunderstoreyissparse.Causesincludefoottraffic,theburgeoningdeerpopulation,andthedensityoftheexistingtreecanopy.Enhancingthenativeunderstoreywillincreasetheecologicalandaestheticvalueofthesite.Allowingmoresunlightintotheunderstoreylayerwillassistintheincreaseofdensityinthelowerlayer.

Thedensityoftheexistingforestcanopyistypicalofasecondgrowthforest,withmanysimilaragedtreescompetingforlight,water,andnutrients,andpreventinghealthyunderstoreygrowth.Theindividualtreesformnarrowcrownsandslenderstems,andarelessresistanttowind.Thenaturalsuccessionprocessinvolvessometreessurvivingtofullgrowth,whileothersdieout.Thisprocesscanbeacceleratedbyremovingsomeofthecompetingtrees,whichgivesthoseselectedforretentionabetterchancetothrive.Italsoallowsmorelighttofiltertotheforestfloor,fosteringtheunderstoreygrowth,includingthenextgenerationoftreeseedlings.Recommendations:

• Undertakeaprogramofpruningandthinningsmallertrees,inacoordinatedeffortconsideringfireriskmanagement,windresilienceandmitigation,climatechange,bio-diversity,andcanopyspacing.

• Inselectingtreestoretain,priorityshouldbegiventothoseingoodhealthandform.Removesmalltreesincloseproximitytolargerspecimensintendedforpreservation.

• Treesneednotbethinnedtouniformdensity,asavarietyindistancewillpromotedevelopmentofstructuraldiversity.Therecommendedaveragespacingis12-13metresbetweentrunks(VancouverParkBoard,2009);leavingsomeoccasionalclumps,orlargergaps.Selecttoallowfordiversityinage.

• Intheshort-term,thinningcantemporarilyincreasesusceptibilitytowinddamage.Treesselectedforretentionshouldbespiralpruned(amethodofthinningcanopyandmaintainingstructuralintegrity)forimprovedwindresistanceatthesametimeasneighboringtreesarethinned.Over-timetheeffectofthinningwilltriggerthetreestoincreasegirthandvolumeofcoarsestructuralroots,andeventuallytheywillexpandtheircrownsandprovidemutualsupport,resultinginoverallstrongerstands(VancouverParkBoard,2009).

• Undertakethethinningprogramoverseveralyears,inauniformmannerthroughoutthesite,allowingtheremainingtreestimetoadapt.

• SeeSection6.2onspecificconsiderationsfortreepruning.

3.2.2 Understorey PlantingAsnoted,someareasoftheunderstoreyintheforestandwoodlandareasoftheHavenarelackinginshrubbygroundcoverandunderstoreyplanting.Recommendations:

• Establishaplantnurserytopropagateplantsinordertoenhancetheunderstorey.AnareaoutsidetheKelleyPoolegardenfencehasbeenidentifiedasapossiblelocation.Thiswillrequiresomecontainedraisedbedsfilledwithasoilmediatoplaceseed,root,andstemcuttingsforreestablishmentinthegardens.Itwillneedtobeprotectedfromdeerandextremeheatandcold.Irrigationwillberequired.

• Alternatively,plantsmaybepurchasedfromnativeplantproducersonVancouverIslandsuchasStreamsideNativePlantsinDeepBay,GreenThumbWholesaleNurseriesinNanaimo(seeAppendixAforSupplierInformation)

• Acombinationofnurseryandpurchasedplantsmaybemosteconomical.• Whenpossible,purchasebarerootplants,tubersandbulbsfromplantnurseriesattheappropriatetime

ofyear(dormantseason).


3.2.3 Lawn management• Topdresswithsandandcompostandreseedwithdroughttolerantnativegrassseed(GarryOakuplands

mix)inspringand/orfall.NewareasoflawnshouldbeseededwithGarryOakUplandmix(PickSeed)unlesstheyarehightrafficareas.AsuitablegrassspeciesmixforthoseareasismentionedinSection4.3.

3.3 Windthrow and Hazard Tree ManagementWindstormsarecommoninthewintermonthsonGabriola,andcanbeintenseatTheHaven,comingofftheopenwater.Minimizingtherisktopeopleandpropertyfromfallingbranchesortreesisanimportantforestmanagementpriority.Treeriskfactorsincludesmalldiameter(youngertrees),rootdisturbanceorrestriction,poorstructuresuchasdoubleleaders,androtorinsectdamage.Treesnewlyexposedtostormwinds,duetoothertreesfallingoriftrees/buildingsareremovedfordevelopment,arealsoparticularlyatrisk.Treesthathavebeensuppressedbycompetitionalsotendtohaveatop-heavystructureandatallnarrowstem,makingthemmoresusceptible.Since2005,LimberTreeServicehasbeenworkingwithTheHaventoremovehazardtreesasneeded.DonMattsonhasbeenmonitoringthetreesdesignatedashazardsinthe2005PGEreport.Somehavebeenremovedasnecessaryandothershavebeenmonitoredforchangesintheircondition.DonMattsonistheprimaryeyeonthetreesforbrokenlimbs,furtherdeteriorationofsuspecttreesandotherkeyindicators,suchasvegetationchanges,compactionofsoil,andhumanactivities(construction)neartrees.Recommendations:

• ContinuethetwiceyearlyvisualassessmentpatternestablishedbyDonMattsonandLimberTreeService.• Afteramajorwind-stormeventthathascausedtreestofall,orwhenabuildingisremoved,orwhentrees

areremovedfornewdevelopment,anarboristshouldbebroughtintoassessthewindrisktonewlyexposedtrees.Aruleofthumbisfocusontreeswithinonetreelengthofthenewedge.

• Maintainastaggeredforestedgetoclearings,asthisdiffuseswindmorethanstraightedges.• Treeswithriskfactors,orwheretherisktopeopleandpropertyishigh,shouldbeassessedforremoval

orprunedforwindfirmingbyaqualifiedarborist.Thisinvolvesremoving30-50%ofthebranchesinaspiralpattern,especiallynearthetopportionofthecrown.Thetreeswillrecovertheirfoliageovertime.

• ArboristsshouldnotuseclimbingspursunlessthebarkonthetreeisverythickasinolderDouglasfirtrees.

• Managetheforestforwindresilienceovertimebythinningthestand,perSection3.2.1.• Monitortreesinareasofconstructionforchangesintheiroverallhealth.

3.4 Fire Risk ManagementWildfireisadefiniteconcernonGabriolaIsland.Indeed,theGulfIslands’forestshistoricallyburnedevery100-300years(MinistryofEnvironment,2013).Thelonger,driersummerspredictedduetoclimatechangearealsoincreasingtherisks(MinistryofEnvironment,2013).Theriskstobemitigatedincludetheimpactsofawide-spreadwildfiretothepropertyandstructures,andtheriskofafirestartingonthepropertyandspreadingthroughtheforestandtonearbyproperties.Riskmitigationconsistsoflandscape,infrastructure,buildingdesignandmanagementstrategies.Thisreportfocusesonlandscapestrategies.OtherrecommendationscanbefoundinAppendixJoftheFacilitiesMasterplan.

Researchindicatesthatsomevegetationismorecombustiblethanothers.Inadditiontoseasonalfactors,characteristicsthatcontributetocombustibilityincludefineleavesandbranches,accumulateddrydeadmaterial,oilorresincontent,densebranchingstructure,orflakingthinbark.Ingeneral,coniferousandevergreenvegetationismorecombustible,anddeciduousvegetationisless.Inthedroughtofsummer,however,evenlesscombustiblevegetationcanallowafiretoprogress.Highlycombustibletreespeciesfoundonsiteincludecedar,cypress,Douglasfir,yew,arbutus,spruce,andbalsamfir.Someofthehighercombustibilityunderstory/groundcoverincludesjuniper,bamboo,boxwood,rosemary,heathers,dry


grasses,broom(ScotchandSpanish),andblackberry.SeeTable1foraHighlyFlammableSpecieslist.Itisrecommendedtoavoidplantingthesespecies.Theriskwithsomeofthesespeciescanbeminimizedbygoodmaintenance(removingdeadmaterial,keepingwellwatered).

Groundfiresareusuallylessintenseanddangerousthanacrownfire.Onceafirehasspreadtothetreecrownsitisverydifficulttocontrol.Therefore,akeyaspectofriskmanagementinvolvesremovalorreductionof“ladderfuels”thatwillspreadafiretotreecrowns.Ladderfuelsincludeshrubs,downedbranches,andlowerbranches.

3.4.1 BC Firesmart Guidelines and Alternative Guidelines for The Haven TheGabriolaIslandFireDepartment,aswellasthe2005TheHavenLandscapeManagementPlan,recommendadherencetotheBCForestService’sFireSmartGuidelines.Theseguidelinesfocusoncreatinga“defensiblespace”aroundastructure,aswellasrecommendingmaterialsandconstructiondetailsforthestructureitself.Defensiblespaceisrecommendedasaseriesofzones,radiatingfromastructure,eachwithvegetationmanagementstrategies:

Priority 3 Zone(130-100metersfromastructure)Thintheshrubsandsmallertrees,andevergreentrees.Thincrownsto3-6metres.Priority 2 Zone (10-30metersfromastructure)removesmallertrees,shrubsanddebris.Spacetreessocrownsare3-6metresapart.Removeorreduceconiferoustrees.Priority 1 Zone (10metersfromastructure)removalofallshrubs,trees,andcombustiblematerials.Recommendedgroundcoverisirrigatedlawn.

IfthecurrentBCFiresmartGuidelinesaredirectlyimplemented,thepropertywilllookverydifferentthanitdoestoday.Giventhepotentialsafety,economic,andaestheticconsequencesoffireontheproperty,fireriskmanagementindeedmustbecarefullyconsidered.However,ablanketadoptionoftheBCFiresmartGuidelineswillconflictwithothervalues,suchastreepreservation,waterconservation,landscapeexperience,andenvironmentalstewardship.TheHavenPriorityZoneguidelinesoutlinedbelowofferanalternativebalancedapproach:

The Haven Priority Zone 3 (30-100mfromstructures)• Reducefuelload,especially“ladderfuels”whichspreadfiretotreecrowns:• Removenon-nativehighlycombustibleunderstoreyvegetation(ie:scotchbroom).

The Haven Priority Zone 2 (10-30mfromstructures)• AsZone3,and;• Particularlybeforehighfireriskseason,removedeadfallanddeadmaterial,especiallyfinerneedlesand

twigs.Chipandreturnthismaterialasamoistureconservingandorganicamendmentmulchontheforestfloor.Leavelargersnagsandcoarsewoodydebris(greaterthan7cmdiameter)asimportantwildlifehabitat.

• Thinhighcombustibilitytreeslessthan20cm(8”)diameteratbreastheight(DBH).Wherepossible,spacetreesto3-6metresbetweencrowns.Treatadjacentsignificanttreesasgroupings,focusingonthinningsurroundingtrees.

• Prioritizeretentionofdeciduoustrees,andchoosedeciduousspeciesfornewplantings.• Removeallhigh-combustibleunderstoreyvegetation.

The Haven Priority Zone 1 (0-10mfromstructures)• AsZone2,andremovefuelload,especially“ladderfuels”whichspreadfiretotreecrowns:

Figure 4 BC Firesmart Guidelines Versus The Haven Fire Risk Management Priority Zones

Figure 5 The Haven Fire Risk Management Priority Zones


Table 1 Highly Flammable Species

Trees and ShrubsCommon Name Botanical NameFir Trees AbiesAcacia (trees, shrubs, groundcovers) Acacia speciesMonkey Puzzle, Norfolk Island Pine Araucaria speciesBamboo Bambusa speciesCedar Cedrus speciesFalse Cypress Chamaecyparis speciesJapanese Cryptomeria Cryptomeria japonicaLeylandii Cypress Cupressocyparis leylandiiTecate Cypress Cupressus forbesii**Arizona Cypress Cupressus glabraItalian Cypress Cupressus sempervirensCommon Buckwheat Eriogonum fasciculatumEucalyptus Eucalyptus speciesJunipers Juniperus speciesLarch Larix speciesJapanese Honeysuckle Lonicera japonicaMiscanthus Miscanthus speciesPalms Palmae speciesSpruce Trees Picea speciesFern Pine Pinus speciesDouglas Fir Pseudotsuga menziesiiRosemary Rosmarinus speciesYew Taxus speciesArborvitae Thuja speciesHemlock Tsuga speciesBurning Nettle Urtica urens

(GrantsPass,2015)


Table 2 Fire Resistant Species

Deciduous TreesVine Maple Acer circinatumPaperbark maple Acer griseumBig Leaf Maple Acer macrophyllumFlowering dogwoods Cornus florida, C. nuttalliiWitchhazel Hamamelis virginianaSaucer magnolia, Star magnolia Magnolia soulangeana, M. stellataPacific crabapple Malus fuscaParrotia (Persian Ironwood) Parrotia persicaSwedish aspen Populus tremula ErectaFlowering Plum Tree Prunus pissardi nigraGarry Oak Quercus garryanaOak Quercus rubraCascara Rhamnus purshianaBlack Locust Robinia pseucoacacia 'Frisia"Rowan tree/Mountain Ash Sorbus aucupariaDeciduous ShrubsSaskatoonberry, Serviceberry Amelanchier sp.Blue mist spirea Caryopteris x clandonensisJapanese quince Chaenomeles japonicaMexican mock orange Choisya ternataRed osier dogwood Cornus sericeaCorkscrew Hazel - Harry Lauder's Walking Stick Coryllus avellana 'Contorta'Hazelnut tree Corylus avellanaSmoke Bush Cotinus coggygriaForsythia Forsythia x intermediaWitchhazel Hamamelis virginianaOceanspray Holodiscus discolorIndian Plum Oemlaria ceraciformisMockorange Philadelphus lewisiiNinebark Physocarpus Flowering currant Ribes sanquineumRose Rosa spEvergreen shrubsKinnickinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursiMexican mock orange Choisya ternataEscallonia Escallonia spFatsia Fatsia japonicaLavender Lavendula angustifoliaBox honeysuckle Lonicera nitidaHolly Mahonia Oregon Grape vine Mahonia aquifoliumSweet Olive Osmanthus burkwoodiiMugo pine Pinus mugoPortugese Laurel Prunus lusitanicaRhododendron Rhododendron sp.Rosemary Rosmarius prostrataSunshine Senecio greyiiSkimmia Skimmia japonicaYucca Yucca filamentosaRostrata Yucca Yucca rostrataHerbaceous PerennialsYarrow Achillia spOrnamental onion Allium spColumbine AquilegiaSea thrift Armeria maritimaHeartleaf bergenia Bergenia sp.Camas Camassia spMontbretia Crocosmia sp.Coneflower EchinaceaFireweed Epilobium angustifoliumWall flower Erysimum 'Bowles Mauve'California poppy Eschscholzia californicaSpurge Euphorbia characias ssp. wulfeniiDonkey spurge Euphorbia myrsinitesKing Frittilaria imperialisHardy geranium Geranium spSun rose Helianthemum nummularium(Stinking or Bearsfoot) Hellebore Helleborus foetidusDaylily Hemerocallis spCoralbells, alumroot Heuchera spIris Iris germanicaDaisy Leucanthemum sp.Lily Lillium spLupine Lupinus spHerbaceous perennials bulbs NarcissusAssorted perennials spring bulbs Narcissus spPoppies Papaver orientalPenstemon Penstemon sp.Coltsfoot Petasites palmatusSword ferns Polystichum munitumSage Salvia officinalisLavendar cotton Santolina chamaecyparissusSedum Sedum albumSedum Sedum spathulifoliumHens & Chicks Sempervivum tectorumThyme Thymus repensCreeping Thyme Thymus spOrnamental GrassCarex Carex sp


Deciduous TreesVine Maple Acer circinatumPaperbark maple Acer griseumBig Leaf Maple Acer macrophyllumFlowering dogwoods Cornus florida, C. nuttalliiWitchhazel Hamamelis virginianaSaucer magnolia, Star magnolia Magnolia soulangeana, M. stellataPacific crabapple Malus fuscaParrotia (Persian Ironwood) Parrotia persicaSwedish aspen Populus tremula ErectaFlowering Plum Tree Prunus pissardi nigraGarry Oak Quercus garryanaOak Quercus rubraCascara Rhamnus purshianaBlack Locust Robinia pseucoacacia 'Frisia"Rowan tree/Mountain Ash Sorbus aucupariaDeciduous ShrubsSaskatoonberry, Serviceberry Amelanchier sp.Blue mist spirea Caryopteris x clandonensisJapanese quince Chaenomeles japonicaMexican mock orange Choisya ternataRed osier dogwood Cornus sericeaCorkscrew Hazel - Harry Lauder's Walking Stick Coryllus avellana 'Contorta'Hazelnut tree Corylus avellanaSmoke Bush Cotinus coggygriaForsythia Forsythia x intermediaWitchhazel Hamamelis virginianaOceanspray Holodiscus discolorIndian Plum Oemlaria ceraciformisMockorange Philadelphus lewisiiNinebark Physocarpus Flowering currant Ribes sanquineumRose Rosa spEvergreen shrubsKinnickinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursiMexican mock orange Choisya ternataEscallonia Escallonia spFatsia Fatsia japonicaLavender Lavendula angustifoliaBox honeysuckle Lonicera nitidaHolly Mahonia Oregon Grape vine Mahonia aquifoliumSweet Olive Osmanthus burkwoodiiMugo pine Pinus mugoPortugese Laurel Prunus lusitanicaRhododendron Rhododendron sp.Rosemary Rosmarius prostrataSunshine Senecio greyiiSkimmia Skimmia japonicaYucca Yucca filamentosaRostrata Yucca Yucca rostrataHerbaceous PerennialsYarrow Achillia spOrnamental onion Allium spColumbine AquilegiaSea thrift Armeria maritimaHeartleaf bergenia Bergenia sp.Camas Camassia spMontbretia Crocosmia sp.Coneflower EchinaceaFireweed Epilobium angustifoliumWall flower Erysimum 'Bowles Mauve'California poppy Eschscholzia californicaSpurge Euphorbia characias ssp. wulfeniiDonkey spurge Euphorbia myrsinitesKing Frittilaria imperialisHardy geranium Geranium spSun rose Helianthemum nummularium(Stinking or Bearsfoot) Hellebore Helleborus foetidusDaylily Hemerocallis spCoralbells, alumroot Heuchera spIris Iris germanicaDaisy Leucanthemum sp.Lily Lillium spLupine Lupinus spHerbaceous perennials bulbs NarcissusAssorted perennials spring bulbs Narcissus spPoppies Papaver orientalPenstemon Penstemon sp.Coltsfoot Petasites palmatusSword ferns Polystichum munitumSage Salvia officinalisLavendar cotton Santolina chamaecyparissusSedum Sedum albumSedum Sedum spathulifoliumHens & Chicks Sempervivum tectorumThyme Thymus repensCreeping Thyme Thymus spOrnamental GrassCarex Carex sp


• Existingtrees:Removehighcombustibilitytreeslessthan20cm(8”)diameteratbreastheight(DBH).Aimtospacetreesto3-6metresbetweencrowns.

• Existingtrees:Pruneallbranchesoverhangingbuildingsanddecks• Raisethecanopyofalltreestothreetimestheheightoftheunderstorey(minimum2-3metres),OR

removetheunderstoreyvegetation.Donotprunethecrowns.• Removeanyleavesinthefallthatareclosetothebuilding.• Newlyplantedtrees:Asthetreegrows,prunelowerlimbstoaheightof3metresor10’toprevent

laddering.Donotprunethecrowns.• Relocatefirewood,propanetanks,andotherstoredcombustiblematerials.• Keepallgrassadjacenttobuildingsmowntoamaximumheightof20cmor8”.• CutthefoliageofOrnamentalGrassestoaheightof30cmor12”inlatefalltoremovepotentialfuel.• Perennials:Deadheadassoonastheyhavefinishedflowering.Cutdowninthefall(orwhenthestems

becomeoverlydry)toaheightof20cmor8”.• Shrubs:Prunedeadstemsfromshrubsannually.Removethelowerbranchesandsuckerstoraisethe

canopyawayfrompossiblesurfacefires.• Trees:Removeanyleavesinthefallthatareclosetothebuilding.Asthetreegrows,prunelowerlimbsto

aheightof3metresor10’topreventladdering.Donotprunethecrowns.

Additionally,clearallbranchesthatcouldfallonthehigh-voltagepowerlineswithinTheHavenproperty.Monitorvegetationencroachingonhigh-voltagepowerlinesalongDavisRoad,andrequesttreetrimmingbyBCHydroifnecessary.

MonitortheGabriolaFireDepartmentcurrentHazardRating,andensureanyuseofpowerequipmentorburningisincompliance.Thiswouldincludepowerequipmentusedformowing,woodchipping,ortree/limbcutting.

3.5 Invasive Plant and Weed ManagementInvasiveplantsarenon-nativespeciesthatareundesired,spreadrapidly,and/ornegativelyimpactthenativeecosystem,managedlandscapes,oranimalhealth.TheHavensitecontainsfewerinvasiveplantspeciesthanmanyotherpropertiesonGabriola,duetoactivemanagementtoremoveandcontrolthem.InvasiveplantsthathavebeenobservedatTheHavenincludeScotchbroom(Cytisus scoparius),Himalayanblackberry(Rubus discolor),deadnettle(Lamium galeobdolon),daphne(Daphne laureola),Englishivy(Hedera helix),Periwinkle(Vinca minor, V. major).OtherinvasiveplantsthatarereportedonnearbyGabriolasitesincludebroad-leavedplantain,bullthistle,curleddock,Canadathistle,Japaneseknotweed,pineappleweed,sowthistle,andyellowflagiris.TheLandscapeManagershouldbeawareofwhatallofthesespecieslooklikeandmonitorforanythatmayattempttoestablish.

Bestpracticesforinvasivespeciesremovalvarybyspecies,size,andtimeofyear.Regionally,theCoastalInvasivePlantCommitteehasthelatestnewsoninvasiveplantsandmanagementstrategies,www.coastalisc.com.Locally,theGabriolaLandandTrailsTrust(GaLTT)hasanexcellentwebsiteonlocalinvasivesandthelatestinguidelinesforremoval,athttp://galtt.ca/invasives.html.Refertotheseresourcesfordetailedguidelines.Generalrecommendations:

• Removeanyinvasivesbeforetheyhavetheopportunitytomatureandsetseed.Thisnormallymeansduringorbeforetheplantsetsflower.Iftheyaresmallenough,simplypullingthemwiththeirrootsintactisappropriate.Iftheplantsaremuchlarger,usingextractigatorsorpruningthemainstembelowthesoilsurfacemaybenecessary.Blackberryandbroomhavebudsbelowthesurfacethatrequirelighttobeactivated.Blackberryareknowntohavea‘node’belowthesoilsurface(anenlargedportionofthestem


Scotch broomCytisusscoparius

Daphne laureolaDaphne

Rumex crispusCurleddock

Sonchus sppSowthistle

Tanacetum vulgareCommontansy

Senecio jacobeaeTansyragwort

Matricaria discoideaPineappleweed

Fallopia japonicaJapaneseknotweed

Cirsium vulgareBullthistle

Cirsium arvenseCanadathistle

Himalayan blackberryRubusdiscolor

Lamium galeobdolonDeadnettle

Local Invasive Plant Species


whichstoresfoodandhasdormantbuds).Theremovalofthesenodesiseffectiveineradicatingtheplantwithoutdisturbingthesoilandexposingmoreweedseedstothesurface.

• Thenon-nativeblackberry(Himalayan,Rubus discolor;evergreen,R. laciniatus)patchesalongthewaterfrontdooffersomehabitatvalueandcontributetoshorelineprotectionassoilstablizers.Removingthemwouldrequirealargershorelinedevelopment,protection,orrestorationeffort.However,thepatchshouldbecontrolledfromspreading.

• Manyofthesespeciesaretoxic.Protectiveclothingshouldbewornwhenhandlingthem,andtheyshouldnotbeburned.

• AreasofEnglishIvy(invasiveplant)thatexistonthepropertyshouldbeprunedregularlytocontrolsize,floweringandseeding.Eventuallytheyshouldberemovedaltogether.Theirlifecycleistoclimbtreesandstructuresinavegetativeformpriortoenteringareproductivecycleoffloweringandfruiting.Birdstheningestanddispersefruittoallareasoftheisland.

• Disposalmethodsalsovarybyspecies.Ingeneralcompostingisnotrecommended.• Minimizesoildisturbancewhenremovingplants.Mulchorreplantwithnativespecies.• Ensuresoilormulchbroughtintothesiteishotcompostedandweedfree.• AnIntegratedPestManagementphilosophyshouldbeappliedtoweedmanagement.Identify,monitorand

decideonacourseofactionsuchas:mulching,pulling,soilcultivating,andheatcontrols.Herbicidesshouldbeusedonlyasalastresort,spotapplied,andwithpermissionfromTheHavenmanagement.Somenon-toxicweedcontrolsarefattyacidherbicide(Safer’sTopgun,orSuperfastPatioKiller)whichcanbeappliedinspringorsummertoactivelygrowingweeds(lessthan15cmtall),anaceticacidherbicide(vinegaracid,suchasEcoclearorPresidentsChoiceWeedController).(Gilkeson,2011)

3.6 Integrated Pest Management and Plant Health CareIntegratedPestManagement(IPM)isacomprehensiveandecologicallybasedapproachtomanagingplantpestsanddiseases.Methodscanbebiological,cultural,physical,orchemical.Syntheticpesticidesareusedonlyasalastresortandwhenallpreferredmethodsfail.IPMincludesamulti-tieredapproachtopestmanagementthatincludesrecognizingthelifecycleofthepestanditsinteractionwiththeenvironment.Effortstopreventpestanddiseaseareeconomicalandstrategic.Ifthereisanoutbreakofaseriouspest,managementmethodsshouldbechosenbasedonwhichistheleastdisruptive,leasthazardoustohumans,leastharmfultonon-targetorganisms,andmosteffectiveforthetargetpest.Controlsmaybecultural,suchashorticulturalpracticesoralteringtheenvironmenttobenefittheplantorharmthetargetorganism.Biologicalcontrolsincorporatetheuseoflivingorganismstosuppresspestpopulations,andcanincludepredators,pathogens,orbeneficialfungi.Physicalcontrolsincludemanualtechniquessuchasremovingeffectedbranches,barriers,heat,repellents,ortraps.Chemicalcontrolshouldonlybeusedasalastresort,andonlywithpermissionfromTheHaven’smanagementstaff.Follow-uponanytreatmentisnecessarytomonitortheprogressofthepestandtreatment.Recommendations:

• Planttherightplantforthesiteconditionofferingthebestchancetothrive.• Appropriatehorticulturalcarewillalsomaintainahealthyplant.Healthyplantsresistorrecoverfrom

pestsanddiseasesbetter,whereasplantsthatarestressedaresusceptibletoproblems.• Monitoringandidentificationisthenexttierofdefense,andwillbringissuestothelandscapemanager’s

attentionbeforetheyareatrueproblem.Defensiveactionneedonlyoccurifthereisaninfestation,andonethatislikelytocausedamageorsafetyconcern.

Thereisonlyoneseriousplanthealthissueknownonsiteatthistime.Anareainthesouth-westernportionofthepropertyhashadissueswithlaminatedrootrot(Phellinus weirri),ItwasoriginallydiagnosedbyBrianFisher,retiredarborist,anddiagnosedanddocumentedinthePGEreport.Thisisaveryseriouswooddecayfungusthatgraduallykillstheplant’srootsystem,oftenresultingintreeblowdown.Douglas-firandgrandfiraretheprimaryhosts.Thefungusspreadsprimarilybyroot-to-rootcontact,henceaninfectionoftenoccurs


inradialpatches.Itcanlivefordecadesinlargerstumpsanddeadmaterialleftinthesoil.Symptomsofaninfectedtreeincludecrownyellowing,andthinning,adistresscropofcones,reducedgrowth,andeventually,blow-down.Whilethesnags,hollowtrunks,anddecayingorganicmaterialcanhavewildlifevalue,thedangertohumansandbuildingsfromblow-downmeansitisbesttocontinuetoactivelymanagethisarea.Diseasemanagementinvolvesremovaloftheinfectedtrees,roots,andstumps,aswellasabufferofapparentlyhealthytrees.Manyoftheinfectedtreeswereremovedsoonafterthe2005assessment.Recentlysampleswereincubatedtodeterminefungalactivityandpresentednegativeresults.Recommendations:

• Continualreassessmenttomonitorthesituationwillkeeptheissueundercontrol.• Susceptiblespeciesshouldnotbeallowedtore-growinthisarea.Instead,favourcedar(Thujasp.),pines

(Pinus.sp.)ordeciduoustrees.

Thisareaisalsotheproposedsiteofthefuture“HotelHaven”accommodationbuilding.Whilethemycelliumofthisfungusdoesnotgrowinthesoil(Callan,2008),itmaybepresentinlargerootsandstumpsleftbehindaftertreeremoval.Recommendation:

• Fillfromexcavationshouldbecarefullyhandled,avoidingcontactwithsitesoils.Ideally,thefillcouldbeplacedinareasthatwillnothostsusceptiblespecies(potentiallythewaterfrontterraces,dependingonphasing).Alternatively,thesoilcanberakedorscreenedtoensurerootshavebeenremoved.Otherwiseresponsibleoff-sitedisposalmaybenecessary.

Theother,lessserious,diseasefoundonsiteisontheevergreenhuckleberry(Vaccinium spp.).Witches’BroomRust-Pucciniastrum goeppertianum- isarustfungusthatalternatesbetweenVaccinium spp.(huckleberry,blueberry,andcranberry)andtruefirs(Abies).FoundonthetipsofbranchesonVaccinnium ovatumandappearasaraisedrustcolouredswellingofthebranchesthemselves.Theculturalcontrolistocutoffaffectedareas.Itisnotaseriousdiseasebutshouldbemanagedtopreventspread.

3.7 Irrigation 3.7.1 Establishment IrrigationProtecttheinvestmentofplantsinstalledinnewlandscapesorasnaturalareaenhancementbyprovidingestablishmentmaintenanceforthefirstyear.Newlyinstalledlandscapesshouldhaveamoreregularirrigationregimenforthefirstoneortwosummerdryseasons,toallowplantstodevelopdeepandbroadrootsystemsthatcansupportthemthroughdrought.Neglectingestablishmentirrigationcanresultinplantloss,andcorrespondinglossofinvestment,aswellasunattractivelandscapes.Recommendations:

• Plantinthefall,preferablySeptember.Thiswillallowthewinterrainstohelpestablishhealthyrootsystemsthroughthefallandspringwithnaturalrainfall.

• Usehand-wateringfornewinfillplantingsofshrubsandgroundcoversthatareshowingsignsofstress,andtemporaryreservoir/bagirrigationsystemsaroundnewlyplantedindividualtrees.

• Forestablishinglargernewplantingbedsandgardensduringbuild-outoftheFacilitiesMasterplan,considerinstallingareusabletemporarydrip-lineirrigationsystemasthemostwaterandtimeefficientapproach.Theycanbeconnectedtoatemporaryfree-standingcisterntominimizetheamountofwater

Witches’ Broom Rust on the evergreen huckleberry


lossduetoleaks.Timersand/ormoisturesensorswillincreaseefficiencyofwateruse.Thesystemcanberemovedafteraone-twoyearestablishmentperiod,andreusedelsewhere.

• Establishmentirrigationschedulesfordroughtperiodsshouldbeasfollows:Trees,shrubsandgroundcovers–24litres/squaremeter(5gal/10sqft)every10daysifnoraineventoccursduringtimesoflowrainfall,ordroughtforuptoone-twoyear(s)ofestablishmentperiod(treesparticularly).

• Incorporatebeneficialbiologicalsupplementswhenplantinginnewlyinstalledsoils.Mycorrhizalfungioccurnaturallyinnativesoils,andformanimportantrelationshipwithplantroots,aidinginrootdevelopment,waterandnutrientuptake,andthereforevigorandgrowth.Newlyinstalledsoilsoftenhaveveryminimalbeneficialbiologicals.Commercialproductsareavailableandareappliedtoplantrootsattimeofplanting(productsavailablelocallyat‘TheBugFactory’inNanooseandTerralinkHorticultureinAbbottsford(seeAppendixAforSupplierInformation).

• Covernewlyplantedsoilareaswithaminimum75mm(3”)thickorganicmulch,shreddedcompostedleafmulch,woodchips(preferablyDouglas-firorhemlock)andbecarefulnottosmothersmallplants(herbaceousperennials)withmulchbykeepingmulch50mm(2”)awayfromtheplant.Forshrubsandtrees,keepmulch100mm(4”)awayfromthetrunks,andmainstemsoftheplanttopreventmoistureagainstthebranchesstemsandtrunks.

3.7.2 Maintenance IrrigationAsTheHavenisacentrewelcomingguestsfromallovertheworld,itisimportantthelandscapeslookhealthyandvibrant,andcreateaprofessional,comfortable,attractivesetting.Summerdroughtscanbestressfulforplants;manylookbetterandaremorehealthywithjudicioussupplementalwater.Atthesametime,watersupplyisacriticalinfrastructureissueatTheHaven.Allguestsareeducatedabouttheneedtoconservewater,soanyuseishigh-profile.Irrigationusemustbalancetheseconcerns.

Longer,drier,andhottersummersareapredictedtrendduetoclimatechange.Somenativespeciesfoundonsite,suchascedars,thataremarginallydroughttolerant,mayeveneventuallydieoutfromtheregion.(SwiftandRan,2014).Forthemostpart,thenativeandnon-nativespeciesfoundonsitearerelativelydroughttolerant.However,someornamentalplantsdocurrentlyreceivesomesummerirrigationsuchascontainerplants,newlyplantedannualsandperennials,shrubsandtrees.Irrigationwatercomesfromwinterseasonwaterthatiscollected,storedincisterns,andtreatedbeforeuse,andisthereforeaveryvaluableresource.Thesiteisgettingdrieratthesametimeaswaterresourcesarebecomingmorescarceandexpensive.Therefore,TheHavenisincreasinglymovingtowardsalandscapethatisextremelydroughttolerantandminimizestheuseofsupplementalirrigation.Recommendations:

• Provideirrigationduringdryperiodsforthefirsttwoyearsofestablishment.GivenTheHaven’swatersupplyconcerns,temporarylow-techsystemscouldbeinstalledfortreesandshrubs,suchasindividualslowreleasebagreservoirsthatcanbeusedindrought.Grassandherbaceousperennialsmayrequiretemporarylinesthatmaybefedbysmallgardenreservoirs.Pottedplantsmaybehookeduptoadripirrigationlineforsummerdrought.

• Spotwateringwithawatercanisagoodstrategyforwaterconservationthoughtimeconsuming.• Existingplantsthatregularlyrequireirrigationshouldbereplacedovertime,unlessthereisasignificant

reasonwhytheyshouldbesupported(forexample,amemorialtree,orthefoodgarden).DonMattsonhasandcontinuestomonitorandreplaceplantswiththosethatarewaterwise.

• Onlyplantnewspeciesthatareverydroughttolerant.SeeSection4forrecommendedpalettes.• Implementaregimenofminimalirrigationstrategies(suchasspotwateringforestablishedareas)only

inperiodsofextendeddrought,andonlyintheOrnamentalGardenzoneandforestablishmentperiodsthroughoutthesite.Measureandlogwaterapplicationdepth(mm)andevennessatleastoncepergrowingseason.Ensurethatwaterdoesnotpondorrun-offintendedareas.Forextendeddrought


watering,apply24litres/squaremeter(5gal/10sqft)every10daysduringtimesoflowrainfallordrought,forupto2yearsofestablishmentperiod(treesparticularly).

• Schedulespotwateringandirrigationapplicationsduringtheearlymorning.• Maintainthecurrentpracticeofnotirrigatingthelawns,allowingthemtogodormantinthesummer.• Maintainandenhancetheorganicmatterinthesoil,whichhelpsretainmoisture.Worktowardsadepth

of150mm(groundcovers)-450mm(shrubs)depthofhighqualitytopsoil(seeBCLandscapeStandard)fornewplantings(nativesrequireless).Supplementexistingbedswithanapplicationofcompostormulch.Itismosteconomicaltobringintruckloadsofmulchandsoilandstoreitonsiteforuseduringtheseason.Ifpossible,recyclecompostonsitebutensureitisweedfree(hotcompost)andscreenedforlargedebris,especiallyifusedintheOrnamentalzone.

• Applyorganicmulchtogardenareastohelpretainsoilmoisture.Aninitialapplicationof75mm,andyearlyapplicationof5mm.

• DeveloparelationshipwiththeBCHydropruningcrewstoprocurewoodchipsfromrecentpruningontheisland.Theyregularlylookforareastooffloadfulltrucksclosetotheirworkarea.FreshwoodchipsarefinetoaddtoareasintheforestorwoodlandzonebutshouldbecompostedforatleastoneyearintheOrnamentalzone.

• Uselow-techirrigationbags(suchasTreeGators,seeAppendixforSupplierInformation)forindividualtreesandshrubsthatmaybeunderwaterstressandoutsidetheOrnamentalGardenZoneirrigationsystem.Bagsareessentiallyreservoirsofwaterthatslowlydripwaterontospecifictreeandshrubrootzonesandareveryeffectiveforearlyestablishmentplants(plantsnewtotheirlocation)ortoreviveplantsthatareexperiencingwaterstress.

3.7.3 Reclaimed WaterThereisapossibilitythatduetotheincreasingguestcapacityoutlinedbytheFacilitiesMasterplan,atsomepointthesepticsystemflowwillsurpass5000imperialgallons/day,andregulatoryoversiteofTheHaven’ssepticsystemwillshifttotheMinistryofEnvironmentandtheirMunicipalWastewaterRegulations.Oneadvantagetothisregulatorysystemisitallowsfortreatedwastewaterreuse(termed“reclaimedwater”).Reclaimedwateruseisnotallowedunderthecurrentregulatoryauthorityguidelines(theMinistryofHealth’sSewageSystemRegulation,administeredlocallybyIslandHealth).Reclaimedwaterisusuallyusedfornon-potableuses,typicallytoiletflushingorirrigation.Thewaterwouldneedtobetreatedtoahighlevelofdisinfectionandfiltration,andspecialpipingandotherinfrastructurewouldberequired.,whichcanbecostlyFurtherstudyofneed,andthecurrentregulatoryenvironment,wouldberequiredtodetermineifirrigationorinteriornon-potableuse(toilets)wouldbethemoreusefulreuseifitbecomesallowableundertheapplicableregulations.Giventhemoreyear-roundneedoftoiletflushing,andthecurrentmandateofconvertingtoaverydroughttolerantlandscape,usingreclaimedwaterforirrigationmaynotbepreferred,evenifitdoesbecomepossible.Nonetheless,thepossibilityofreclaimedwaterbecomingaresourceforirrigationshouldbeconsideredduringanybuild-outprojectoftheFacilitiesMasterplan(suchasintegratingstub-outsorsleevingforpotentialfuturepiping).Recommendations:

• Investigatethepossibilityofusingreclaimedwaterifthesepticsystemflowsurpasses5000imperialgallons/dayandtheMinistryofEnvironment’sregulationscomeintoplay.

• MonitorthecurrentMinistryofHealth/IslandHealth’sstanceonthereuseofreclaimedwater.

Spot irrigation bags


3.8 Wildlife and HabitatAsanorganizationwithacommitmenttoresponsiblestewardshipoftheenvironment,TheHavenrecognizesthesiteisalsoahometoGabriola’swildlife,aswellasaplaceforpeople.Attimes,theneedsofeachcanconflict.Forexample,atreemaybeindeclineandasourceoffoodforinsectsandthereforebirds,butalsoatriskofblowdown.Denseshrubcoveroffershabitat,butcancontributetofireladdersintothetreecanopyorcanblockvaluableviewstothewater.Ottersmayfindareasunderdecksasadryplacetoden,butcancauseodorissues.Safetyforpeopleandguestcomfortmustbeprioritiesinpopulatedareasofthesite,butthebalancecouldshifttowardshabitatvaluesinotherareas.SpeciesthatutilizeTheHavensiteincludemammals(deer,raccoon,otter,rodents,minks,bats),birds(songbirds,woodpeckers,owls,eagles,kingfishersandothershorebirds,etc.),amphibiansandreptiles(snakes,lizards,frogs,salamanders,etc),invertebrates(insects,snails,spiders,worms,etc),aswellasanabundanceofbacteriaandfungi.WhiletechnicallynotpartofTheHaven’sproperty,themarineandshorelineenvironmenthostsspeciessuchasfish,crabs,shrimp,anemones,seastarsandtheirhabitatofseaweedsandseagrasses.ManagementofTheHaven’sshorelineedgecanhaveanimpactonthatimportanthabitatecotone.

• Allowingdecayingtreestoremainintheforestandwoodydebris,aswellasenhancingtheshrubbyunderstoreyareas,limitingpedestrianaccesstoforests,beachesandmeadowswillallowspeciestoutilizevegetationforhabitat.

• CanadaGeesemaybecomeaprobleminlawnareas.Bestpracticesaroundcontrolofgeeseare;toletgrassgrowlongerthan10cmor4inches.;limitmanicuredlawnareastoareasofactivityanddonotirrigatelawnsintimesofdormancy(summer)

• SomefrogsandsalamandersonGabriolaareBlueListed(http://www.env.gov.bc.ca/atrisk/toolintro.html)andsoareasofrefugeforthemishelpfulinretainingahealthypopulation.

• EncourageTheHaven’svisitorstoleavetheirpetsathome.Alldogsshouldbeonleashatalltimes.Thiswillavoidconflictswithwildlife,staffandguests.

• Allplantswillbeofinteresttodeerontheproperty.Knowingtheirhabitsandrouteswillassistthegardenerinapplyingprotectioninstrategicareasuntilplantsareestablished.Mostdeerproofplantlistrecommendationsareunreliable.Productssuchas‘Plantskydd’and‘Bobbex’areusefulforspotapplicationstodeterdeerespeciallyinnewplantings.

3.8.1 Trees as HabitatAlltreesprovidesomehabitatvalueatallstagesintheirlifecycle.Veterantreesandtreesindeclineofferthegreatestwildlifevalue.Wildlifetreesaredefinedasthosehavingnoticeablecharacteristicsthatprovidevaluablehabitat,suchassignsofwoodpeckeruse,cavities,hollowtrunksor“chimneys”,nestsites,orsnags.ObservedwildlifetreesweremappedandmanagementrecommendationsmadeaspartofthePGEeffort.Recommendations:

• Maintaincurrentmonitoringschedulebythecurrentgardener(DonMattson)andLimberTreeServiceoftwiceyearlywalkaboutandvisualassessment.Notesignificantwildlifetreesandlocationsinajournalandupdateplansanddrawingsasneeded.

• Leavingstumpsandsnagsduringtreethinningordangertreemanagement/removalisimportantinretainingwildlifehabitat.Allowingstandingdeadtreesthatarenotahazardtopropertyorpeopleprovideshabitatforbirds,insectsandotherorganisms.

• Performtreemanagementactivitiesoutsideofbreedingseasons(primarilyFebruary-Julyforbirds).

3.8.2 Understorey HabitatTheshrubandgroundcoverlayersoffertherichesthabitatforbirds,particularlyalongtheforestedges.UnderstoreydiversityanddensityhasbeengreatlyimpactedonGabrioladuetotheburgeoningdeerpopulation.Thedensesecondgrowthtreecanopy,andsoilcompactionandplantdamagefromfootand


vehicletraffic,hasfurthercreatedsomeareasofsparseunderstoreyonTheHavensite.RecommendationsforimprovingtheunderstoreyhabitatcanbefoundinSection3.2VegetationEnhancement.Furtherrecommendation:

• Performinvasivespeciesmanagement,suchasblackberryremoval,outsideofbreedingseasons(primarilyFebruary-Julyforbirds).

3.9 Woody Debris Management and MulchingAlltreeslosebranches,especiallyDouglas-firwhichisprevalentonthesite.Particularlyafterawindstormevent,branchescanbefoundalloverthegardens,paths,androadways.Currently,thegardenerormaintenancestaff,inordertomaintainaneatappearanceandtoreducefirerisk,collectsandstoresthemintheburnpileareauntilburned.Scraplumberandotherburnablematerialgetsaddedtothispile,whichisunattractiveandinpublicview.Inanunmanagedforestenvironment,fallenbrancheswoulddecomposewheretheyfall,contributingtothedufflayer,hostingfungi,mossesandlichen,providinghabitat,retainingmoistureandeventuallyreturningnutrientstothesoil.Analternativeapproachtothecurrentdebrismanagementpracticeistochipsmallermaterial,andreturnittotheforestfloorasamoistureconservingandsoilbuildingmulch.Compostedmulchshouldalsobeaddedtogardenbeds.Recommendations:

• Purchaseahighquality,sturdychipper.Chipsmallerdebrisandblowchipsbackintowoodsasmulch,orstockpileandatleastpartiallycompostbeforeapplyingtogardens.Firstprioritymaybetheforestedgesandhighertrafficareas.

• Leavelargerdiameter(greaterthan7cmdiameter)branchesandcoarsewoodydebrisinplaceasitisanimportantwildlifevalueandislessofafirerisk.Dependingonthedesiredappearanceandfunctionoftheareawheretheyfall,theycanmovetootherareasofthesite.RemovedebrisfromTheHavenFirePriorityZone1(seeSection3.4.1).Dispersingandlayingbranchestogroundlevelmaintainsmoisture,minimizingfireriskandspeedingdecomposition.

• Placementofchippedforestmulchshouldbelessthan100mmthick,andavoidsmotheringunderstoreyplantsandseedlings.

• Larger,cutlogscanberemovedasfirewood,ormoreinterestingpiecescanbemadeavailabletolocalwoodcraftpeople.

• Apply50mmofmulchannuallyorasneededtomaintaina50mmthicklayeratalltimesintheinallzoneswithbaresoil,foraneatappearance,weedsuppression,soilmoistureconservation,andsoilamendment.Mulchisnotrequiredwhereplantfoliagecompletelycoversthesoilsurface.Mulchfortheornamentalgardenareasshouldbeuniformincolorandappearance,andfreeofsticks.Non-composted(ie:freshlychipped)orbarkmulchislesspreferableforornamentalgardenareas,asitmayinhibitsomeplant’sgrowth,sealthesoilsurfacepreventingwaterentryandrobthesoilofnutrients.

• SourcematerialfromBCHydrotreechippings,localsourcesofwaste,andlocalarboristslookingforeaseofdisposal.BCHydrosub-contractswithdifferentcontractorseachyear,andrequestsforthechippingswillneedtoberegularlyrepeated.IdentifyanareathatisoutofpublicviewforstoringmulchforatleastoneyearpriortoapplicationonOrnamentalGardens(potentiallytheKelleyPooleGardenproperty).

• Chippingcouldbedonein-situorinadefinedarea.• Consideralterativelocations,outofviewofguests,foraburnpileforotherdebris,orevenbetter,remove

itfromthesite.• Avoidapplyingmulchdirectlyagainstthestemsortrunksofaplant,asthiswillencouragerot.• Donotcreatemulchfromdiseasedorinvasiveplantmaterial.


3.10 Composting and FertilizingThegardeneriscurrentlyresponsibleforcompostingvegetablewastefromthekitchen,aswellasfallenleavesandothernon-woodygardendebris.Thecompostisusedtoamendsoilinthegardens.Propercompostmanagementguidelinesmustbefollowed,includingavoidingmeatandcookedfood,layeringwithcarbonmatter,maintainingoptimalmoisturecontent,andregularturning.CompostturninghastraditionallybeenoneofthetasksforPhase1programworkdays,however,thismustalsobedoneregularlybystafftomakeitsuccessful.Donotcompostinvasivespeciesmaterials,unlessdonecarefullyaccordingtobestpractices,andinitsownpile,toavoidcontaminatingthemainpile.Materialsthatcanbeaddedtothecompostpilestoproducegreateramountsincludeleaves,weeds,straw,grassclippings,seaweed,woodchips,manures,sawdust,woodash,andbarkchips.Thethree-binsystemworkswelltocontinuallyhaveareadysupplyofcompost.

• Finishedcompostcanbeusedtotopdresstheplantingbeds,andtherecommendedfertilizerforthesite.• Soiltests(ifnotalreadycompleted)willillustratesoilnutrientvalue.Fertigationcanbecalibratedtothis

information.• TraditionallySeaSoil(acommerciallyavailablesoilmix)andseaweedhasbeenappliedtothebedsin

placeofchemicalfertilizer.Concernsofoverharvestingbeachdebris(the‘wrackline’whichisimportanthabitat)havepromptedtheuseofCompleteOrganicFertilizers(COF),whichincludessustainablyharvestedkelpmeal(seeAppendixDforrecipe).Aspricescontinuetoriseforgoodorganicsoil(suchasSeaSoil)alternativessuchaslocallysourcedmanuresmixedwithwoodchipsareaviableoptiontoexplore.

• PrepareCOFbypurchasingingredientsfromthelivestockfeedstores(suchasTheRavenPetFeed)andmixingonsite(seeAppendixDforrecipe).

• Avoidtheuseofchemicalfertilizersastheywillnegativelyaffectlivecultureinthesoil.

3.11 Soil CompactionHealthysoilisacriticalcontributortoplanthealth.Soilisamixtureofmineralparticles,organicmatter,microorganisms,water,andair.Inadditionaltomulching,composting,addingtopsoilandbiologicalsupplements,andfertilizingstrategiesasalreadydiscussed,avoidingsoilcompactionisanimportantfactorinmaintainingairandmoisturecontent.Recommendations:

• TheHavencouldconsidermoreclearlydefiningtrailsandparkingareasonthesite,particularlyintheforestzoneswheretheunderstoreyissparseandtheseelementsarelessdefined.Inparticular,amoredefinedtrailsystem,andevenaraisedboardwalksegment,shouldbeconsideredfornearthelarger,old-growthtreesinTheHavenLot.Interpretivesignagecouldmakethetrailsmoreofasitefeature.

• Tomaketrafficareasmoredistinct,considerusingamulchorgravel,edgingwithshells,orevenropingoffusinganattractivewoodbollardwithropeorcablesystemorsplitrailfences.Lightingcouldbeintegratedintothebollards.

3.12 Memorials and Human AshesThereareanumberofmemorialfeaturesthroughoutthesite,includingtrees,benches,artworks,orarbours.ManymembersofTheHavencommunitythathavediedhavealsohadtheirashesscatteredonthesiteortheseashore.Someofthesesitesaremarkedonthesite,andsomearenot.Withthedevelopmentplanscalled

Delineated trails and boardwalks protect tree roots


forintheFacilitiesMasterplan,someoftheseelementsmaybedisturbedorrequirerelocation.Thisshouldbeaddressedonacase-by-casebasisinasensitivemannerbyTheHavenmanagementstaff.Recommendations:

• NewmemorialsarerecommendedasanonymouslyplantedtreesaspartofareplantingstrategyontheHavenGrounds.LocationsshouldconsiderthedevelopmentplansoftheFacilityMasterplan,andfamilymembers/lovedonesshouldbeawarethatdisturbanceandpotentiallyremovalofthetreemayhappen.

• Memorialelements,whetheraplantorbuiltfeature,shouldalsobechosenandapprovedinconsiderationoffuturemaintenanceorotherneedsandvalues.Forexample,memorialtreespecieswouldideallybenativeandotherwisesuitedtotheaestheticandwatersupplyconsiderationsoftheFacilitiesMasterplan.

• Consideranonymouscairnsastemporarymemorials.• LocateareasoflandscapewhereanonymousMemorialTreeGrovesmaybeplanted,suchas

decommissionedsepticfieldsorwoodlandedges.

3.13 Paved Areas and Trails Roads,paths,trails,pavedpatiosandterracesarealsoelementsofthelandscapethatrequiremaintenanceforsafetyandappearancereasons.• Alltrash,cigarettebutts,mulchandlandscapedebrisshouldberemovedfromtheseareas.• Patiosandotherpavedgatheringareasshouldbesweptregularly.Avoidleafblowersduetonoiseand

poweruse,andperformpowerwashingonlywhencisternsarefull.• Removeweedsfrompavement.• Asdiscussedinsection3.11soilcompaction,considerstrategiesformakingtrailsmoredefined.• Ensurenewpavedareasareconstructedtoprofessionalstandards,withappropriateexcavation,soil

compaction,aggregatebases,settingbeds,andappropriatedepthandtypeofpavingmaterials.Manyoftheexistingpavedareasonsitehavebeenpoorlyconstructed,withcracksanddifferentialsettlementcausingdangeroustriphazardsandobstaclesforwheelsandwheelchairs.Maintenancestaffshouldmonitorallpavedareasforhazardsandensuretheyarerepairedinatimelymanner.

• Ifpermeablehardpaving,suchasporousconcreteorpermeablepavers,isused,regularmaintenancewillberequired,permanufacturersinstructions,toavoidbecomingcloggedwithfinedebris.

3.14 Other Landscape Elements Maintenance Otherelementsthroughoutthesitelandscapeswillalsorequiremaintenance,includingsignage,lighting,arbors,furnishings,decks,andartwork.Anyfuturemaintenancecontractswillneedtoconsiderandclarifyhowtheseelementsaretobemaintainedandwhoisresponsible.

3.14.1 LightingAconsistentlightingdesignshouldbedevelopedforeaseofmaintenanceandvisualconsistency.Considerationsincludelow-energyusage,dark-skycompliance,andtargetingforpedestrianuse.

3.14.2 SignageCurrently,signagetakesmanyformsattheHaven.Inthisregard,lesssignageispreferablewithuniform(notentirelybutsomesimilarelements)understatedform.TheKelleyPoolegardensignandtheWelcomesignattheHavenarecheerful,neat,andrelativelysimple.Recommendations:

• Createauniformsignagestrategywithsimpleconstructiontoenableonsitecreationandmaintenance.

• Signageshouldnotbeattachedtolivingtrees. Avoid attaching signage to living trees


4.0 LANDSCAPE ZONES

Differentareasofthesiterequirevaryinglevelsofmaintenance.Areasinprimepublicgatheringrequireahigherlevelofmaintenance.Naturalareasinthecornersofthesiterequiremuchless.Thissectiondescribesthegeneralzonesofthesiteandthelevelofmaintenanceexpectedforeach.Thelocationsofthesezoneswillchangeovertimeduringbuild-outoftheFacilitiesMasterplan.AzoneoverlayoftheexistingsitecanbefoundinFigure6.

4.1 Woodland Gardens4.1.1 Zone Description and Maintenance Level Theseareareasofthesitethatareinhigh-profileareasandneedamorerefinedlevelofplantingandmaintenance,whilebeingundertheforestcanopy,andwithanaturalwoodlandgardencharacter.Theyincludetheentrydriveandgatewaygardens,andgardenssurroundingbuildingsorfrequentedpathways.Astheyareoftenadjacenttobuildings,andthereisastrongoverlapwiththeconceptofthePriorityZone1forfireriskmanagementseeSection3.4.Theseareasshouldbeprimarilylandscapedwithnativeunderstoreyspecies,inaninformalbutlushmanner.ThelandscapemaintenancelevelshouldcorrespondtotheBCLandscapeStandardLevel2(Groomed).Thisclassificationhasspecificstandardsthatcanbeusedtodevelopmaintenancecontracts.Theobjectiveofthislevelistopresentaneat,orderly,groomedappearance,althoughonestepbelowLevel1’s“near-perfect”standard,whichisunnecessaryforTheHaven’snaturalsettingandcharacter.TheappearancestandardofLevel2includeskeepingplantshealthyandvigorous,withfewweedsandnoinvasiveornoxiousweeks,andlittleaccumulateddebris.Seasonalplantingsarekeptlushand“showy”duringtheirseasonalbloom.Whenneighboringforestzoneareas,orinlessfrequentlyusedareasofthesite,theplantingdensityandlevelofmaintenancecantransitionlessintensivestandardsbeyond5mofabuilding,pathway,orgatheringarea.

4.1.2 Existing Species Woodland GardensWhilethisislikelyanincompletelist,thesearethedominantnativespeciesfoundintheforestareasofthesite.

TreesCoastalDouglasFir Pseudotsuga menziesii ssp menziesiiGrandfir Abies grandisWesternredcedar Thuja plicataWesternhemlock Tsuga heterophyllaWesternyew Taxus brevifoliaArbutusorMadrona Arbutus menziesiiAlder Alnus rubra

Understorey ShrubsEvergreenHuckleberry Vaccinium ovatumTallOregongrape Mahonia aquifolium

Woodland garden character

Figure 6 Landscape Zones of Existing Site

Figure 7 Ornamental Gardens Map


DullOregonGrape Mahonia nervosaSalal Gaultheria shallonKinickinnik Arctostaphylos uva-ursiRedhuckleberry Vaccinium parvifoliumSalmonberry Rubus spectabilisThimbleberry Rubus parvifloraBaldhiprose Rosa gymnocarpaNutkarose Rosa nutkanaIndianplum Oemleria ceraciformisSnowberry Symphoricarpos albusTrailingsnowberry Symphoricarpos mollisSwordfern Polystichum munitumUnderstorey GroundcoversVanillaLeaf Achys triphyllaWayfindingplant Adenocaulon bicolorAlumroot Heuchera micranthaTwinflower(shrub) Linnaea borealisColtsfoot(moist) Petasites palmatus

Orchids & OddballsIndianPipe Monotropha unifloraCoralroot Corallorhiza maculata ssp. mertenianaRattlesnakeplantain Goodyera oblongifolia

4.1.3 Recommended Species for Woodland and Forest GardensThegeneralprincipleforthiszoneistomovetowardsamoreuniformpaletteofnative,droughttolerantspecies.Speciesshouldalsohavealowflammabilityratingduetotheproximitytobuildings.Tominimizefuelladderscarryingfireintothecrowns,whenunderatreecanopy,shrubsshouldbechosenaslowgrowing.Alternatively,thetreecanopyshouldberaisedtothreetimestheheightoftheunderstory.Smallertreesshouldbethinned,especiallyhighflammabiltyspeciessuchascedar.Thiswillalsoallowmorelightandairintothebuildings,andsupportmorevigorousunderstoreygrowth.Ifchoosingtoplantnewtrees,orallowingnewvolunteertreestogrow,prioritizedeciduoustrees,againforlightandflammabilityreasons.Duetotheproximitytopopulatedareas,speciesshouldalsobenon-poisonousifingestedorhandled.

Recommendedspecies,inadditiontothenativespeciesalreadygrowingintheseareas,asnotedin4.1.2:

Trees - Understorey Forest EdgeFloweringdogwood Cornus nuttalliiVinemaple Acer circinatum

Garryoak Quercus garryanaBigleafmaple Acer macrophyllum

OtherspeciescanbechosenfromTable2-FireResistantSpecies.


4.1.4 Special Management ConsiderationsTreesadjacenttothenewsepticwoodlanddispersalsystemshouldbevisuallymonitoredonayearlybasisforchangestothefoliageandcanopyduetochangesinhydrologyandpossiblerootdamage

4.2 Ornamental Gardens4.2.1 Zone Description and Maintenance Level Theseareareasinthecenterofthesitethatincludeareasofhigheractivity,adjacenttobuildingsandlawnareas,thatareusedforoutdoorclassrooms,play,andfrequentlytravelledthrough.Plantsinthiszonehaveahigherlevelofmaintenanceandaredesignatedforspecialviewgardensandcolourdisplay(Level2-groomed,BCLandscapestandards).Theseareasalsoincludebuildingentrancesandsurroundsandpottedplants.Fireriskisalsoaconsiderationinthisarea(seesection3.4).

4.2.2 Ornamental Gardens List of Existing Plants and their Locations (See Figure 7)Whilethisislikelyanincompletelist,thesearethedominantspeciesfoundintheornamentalgardenareasofthesite.

1 - South Lodge Whale WindowWisteriaVine Wisteria sinensis

Boxwood Buxus sempervirens

Lilac(canberemoved) Syringa vulgaris

Ivy Hedera helix

Heather Erica carnea

(StinkingorBearsfoot)Hellebore Helleborus foetidus

King Frittilaria imperialis

Sedum Sedum album

Blueoatgrass Helictotricon semperviron

CreepingThyme Thymus sp.

Hosta Hosta sp.

Daisy Leucanthemum sp.

Swordferns Polystichum munitum

VariegatedHolly Ilex

Herbaceousperennials various

DwarfAlbertaSpruce Picea glauca albertiana ‘Conica’

Yucca Yucca filamentosa

Escallonia Escallonia sp

Ornamental Garden Zone character


2 - Puffin Lodge Palm(donated) Trachycarpus fortunei

DwarfAlbertaspruce Picea glauca albertiana ‘Conica’

Rosemary Rosmarius officinalis

Sweetolive Osmanthus burkwoodii


Iris Iris germanica

Spurge Euphorbia characias ssp. wulfenii

3 - Lodge - Handicap Door to Reception

Lilacbush(canberemoved) Syringa vulgaris


Largeleafperriwinkle* Vinca major (invasive)

4 - Rock Garden

Ivy(onthelattice) Hedera helix

DwarfAlbertaspruce Picea glauca albertiana ‘Conica’Mexicanhairgrass(concreteplanter) Stipa tenuissimaLavender Lavendula angustifoliaSedum Sedum spHeather Erica carneaRhododendronbush Rhododendron sp

PortugeseLaurel Prunuslusitanica

Poppies Papaveroriental

Cotoneaster Cotoneaster horizontalis var. perpusillus


Sunshineflower Senecio greyii

WeepingBirchTree Betula pendula ‘Youngii’

SwordFern Polystichum munitum

Assortedperennialsspringbulbs Narcissus sp

AssortedperennialsDaisy Leucanthemum x’Superbum’

Assortedperennials Helianthus sp

Japanesequince Chaenomeles japonica

5 - Grape Arbor - Joann’s Memorial

Grapevine Vitis vinifera

Bamboo Phyllostachys aurea*

Holly Ilex sp. (invasive)

Springbulbs Tulipa,

6 - Hexagonal Contained garden/Ben Wong Memorial


Herbaceousperennials mix

WeepingBirchTree Betula pendula ‘Youngii’


Skimmia Skimmia japonica

Rhododendron Rhododendron sp

Daylily Hemerocallis sp

MonkeyPuzzleTree Auracarea auracana

WeepingBirchTree Betula pendula

7 - Hexagonal Contained garden with Ornamental Plum

CorkscrewHazel-HarryLauder’sWalkingStick

Coryllus avellana ‘Contorta’

PortugeseLaurel Prunus lusitanica



Coltsfoot Petasites palmatus

FloweringPlumTree Prunus pissardi nigra

8 - Corner Thunderbird Field garden

DwarfAlbertianaSpruce Picea glauca albertiana ‘Conica’

EnglishIvy Hedera helix

SmokeBush Cotinus coggygria

Mahonia(midfield) Mahonia x Charity

9 - Dry Garden (along side Orca)

Sedum Sedum album

Sedum Sedum spathulifolium

Hens&Chicks Sempervivum tectorum

CreepingThyme Thymus sp

Californiapoppy Eschscholzia californica

Lavendarcotton Santolina chamaecyparissus

10 - Heather Garden (edge of Thunderbird Field Septic)

Swordfern Polystichum munitum


Lavender Lavandula angustifolia

Cedar Thuja plicata

Boxleafhoneysuckle Lonicera nitida

Barberry Berberis thunbergii Cultivar

Hazelnuttree Corylus avellana

Oak Quercus rubra


Juniper Juniperus sp.

Holly Ilex x variagatus*

Sedum Sedum sp

Thyme Thymus repens


Skimmia Skimmia sp

Rhododendron Rhododendron sp.

11 - Satir garden Forsythiabush Forsythia x

Bamboo Phyllostachys aurea*


Hazelnut Corylus avellana contorta

Mugopine Pinus mugo

Cotoneaster Cotoneaster dammerii

Broom Spartium junceum

Sage Salvia officinalis

WeepingAtlascedar Cedrus atlantica glauca pendula

12 - Chickadee & Pond Juniper Juniperus sp

CreepingThyme Thymus sp.



Portugeselaurel Prunus lusitanica


Skimmia Skimmia japonica

Yellowflagiris Iris pseudoacorus

Rhododendronbush(sidePhoenix) Rhododendron sp

13 - Phoenix Garden Forsythia Forsythia x intermedia

Fatsia Fatsia japonica

Boxleafhoneysuckle Lonicera nitida


Mexicanmockorange Choisya ternata

Cotoneaster Cotoneaster sp.

14 - Raven Garden Pampas Cortaderia selloana

Juniper Juniperus sp


Cotoneaster Cotoneaster dammerii


Herbaceousperennialsbulbs Narcissus

15 - Kingfisher Garden Spanishbroom Spartium junceum

Sedum Sedum album

Bamboo Phyllostachys aurea

16 - Kingfisher Back Garden

Boxwood Buxus sempervirens

Japanesemaple Acer palmatum

17 - Sandpiper Garden Heath Erica x veitchii

Lily Lillium

LemonBalm Melissa officinalis

Crocosmia Crocosmia sp

Rhubarb Rheum sp.

18 - East Sandpiper Garden

OrnamentalPlum(mayberemoved) Prunus pissardi nigra

BlackBamboo Phyllostachys nigra

Choisya Choisya ternata

19 - Hot-tub Pampas Garden

Pampas Cortaderia selloana

Yucca Yucca sp

Buddleiabush Buddleia

20 - Stump Garden MexicanHairgrass Stipa tenuissima

Yucca Yucca sp


Sage Salvia officinalis

Wallflower Erysimum ‘Bowles Mauve’

SpanishBroom Spartium junceum

Sunshine Senecio greyii

Montbretia Crocosmia sp.

Sedum Sedum album


21 - Cormorant Garden Cedar Thuja plicata


Italianplumtree Prunus ‘Italian Plum’

Ginkgotree Gingko biloba

Yewtree Taxus brevifolia

CherryTree Prunus edible

AppleTree Malus edible

22 - Eagleview Garden (across from Lodge)

Japanesefloweringcherry Prunus serrulata ‘Kanzan’

Mexicanmockorange Choisya ternata

Blackbamboo Phyllostachys nigra

Boxhoneysuckle Lonicera nitida

23 - Rachel’s Tree MonkeyPuzzleTree Auracarea auracana

24 - Seagull Deck

Yewtree Taxus brevifolia

4.2.3 Recommended Ornamental Garden Zone SpeciesSelect plants from Table 2 - Fire Resistant Species.

4.2.4 Special Management Considerations• Safetyisaprimaryconcernandmonitoringoverheaddebris&cleaningupafterstormsisanimportant

taskofmaintenance.• Irrigation-knowledgeofthelocationofwateroutletsandgardenwatertapsshouldbereviewedwith

gardenandmaintenancestaff.Hosesshouldbeproperlystoredafterusenottointerferewithguestexperienceandsafety.Tapsshouldbecheckedattheendofeveryshifttoensureallwateristurnedoffandminimumleakageoccurs.

• Westernredcedarshouldbephasedoutoftheornamentalgardensasahedgingplant.Currentlytheexistingtreesarebeingprunedbackseverely.AstheFMPisbuiltout,removethesetreesandconsiderusingothersuitableplantsasanalternative

• Lilacshaveprovidedscreening,fragranceandcutflowersinthepast.Theyaresusceptibletopestsanddiseaseandcreateextraworkforthegardeners.AstheFMPisbuiltout,removetheseplantsandreplacewithsuitableplants.

• Plantsnearbuildingandlandscapedeviceswhichrequiremaintenanceshouldbeprunedtoallowcrewsaccesstotheareawithoutdifficulty(eg.Honeycombfilters,electricaloutlets,lights,etc).

4.3 Meadow Lawn Zone Management4.3.1 Zone description and Maintenance LevelInareasofhighuse,(suchastheplayareasofthesepticlawnandinfrontoftheLodge),anareaofturfisabletowithstandfoottrafficandrecreationalactivitiessuchas:yoga,hacky-sac,frisbeeandotheractivities.Yearlyaerationandtopdressingwithcompostorsandyloamandseedwillcontinuetoprovideadenselawntolerantoffoottrafficandactivities.ThelevelofmaintenanceisLevel3–withmowingheightstobehigher–5cmandtrimmingtobedoneeachmowing(seeBCSLALandscapeStandards).Plantsareselectedfortoughnessandlowmaintenanceneeds.Routinemaintenanceismoderatetolowintensity.Vegetationismanagedtoaccommodateactivity.


4.3.2 Rejuvenation and Establishment in High Activity Meadow Lawn Zones• Turfareaswillimproveifaeratedregularlyandtop-dressedwithsandandweedfreecompostorloam.• Reseedafteraerationintheearlyfallanduseamixofthefollowing:• Includeendophytesfordroughttoleranceandgrowthenhancement• Reseedingmix:60%perennialrye,30%finefescue,10%bluegrass,3%Dutchwhiteclovermaybeadded

ifbeesarenotaconcern.(areasoflowactivitymayuseGarryOakuplandmixfromPickSeeds70%RoemersFescue&30%CaliforniaOatgrass)

• Mowing-grassshouldbelefttogrowaminimumof5cm(twoinches)inheight.Clippingsshouldbeallowedtostayonthegrasstoaddtohumusandnitrogentothesoil.

• Fertilizationandliming-dolomiticlime(exceptinclayareaswhereAgriculturallimeshouldbeused)maybeincorporatedintothetopdressingafteraerationinthespring,onlyinareasofhightraffic.

• Edgesofhighuselawnsmaybelettogrowlonger,andcouldsupportspringbulbsforfurtherinterest.Nativebulbssuchascamas,noddingonionandfritillaria’smaybeplantedtoenhancespringinterestandmovetowardsamoremeadowtypelawn.

• LawnsnaturallygodormantinsummerandtheHavenhaspracticedthismanagementstrategy.Lawnswillgreenupwithrainsastheyoccur.Topdressingwithseedthereforeshouldonlybedoneinthefallwhenthereismoisturetoassistgermination.

4.3.3 Special Management ConsiderationsSomelawnareasaresepticfields.Theseshouldbemonitoredforsignssuchaspatchesofgreen,weedygrowthduringsummerdrought,whichcanindicatesepticsystemproblems.

4.4 Shoreline Zone Management4.4.1 Zone Description and Maintenance LevelTheHavenshorelinehasdifferentzonesofecologyandvegetation:• Uplands(shrubandtreelayer)• Backshore(beachsand,rock,grassesanddriftwood)• UpperIntertidal(wracklineofseaweedanddebris)• IntertidalandSubtidal.LimitingpedestrianaccesstotheshorelineandallowingtheUplandandBackshoreareastoregeneratewillcreateahealthiershorelineecosystem.Inthecentralshorelinearea,viewsmaybeprotectedwhileincreasinghabitatvaluebyinstallingamixedgroundcoverandgrasslayerinsteadoflawnattheshoreline.Inlesscentralareas,allowingshrubbyandtreevegetationwillassistinerosioncontrolduringstormevents,andincreaseshadyshorelinehabitatvalue.Theseareasalowermaintenancezonewherethemainobjectiveistopreservehabitatandecosystemfunctioningwithpassiveactivityalongtheshoreline.

4.4.2 Existing Shoreline SpeciesTreesArbutus Arbutus menziesiiShorepine Pinus contorta Shrubs and GroundcoversBlackberry Rubus discolorOceanspray Holodiscus discolorSnowberry Symphorocarpus albaEvergreenhuckleberry Vaccinium ovatum


NutkaRose Rosa nutkanaSalal Gaultheria shallonTallOregonGrape Mahonia aquifoliumDunegrass Elymus mollis

4.4.3 Recommended Shoreline SpeciesAllowthelowershrublayertoreestablishalongthebanksofthenorthandsouthshorelinewithlimitedpathsofaccesstothebeach.Allowsometreestoframeviewstotheocean.Therecommendedspeciesareincludedintheexistingspecieslist.Inthecentrallawnarea,considerconvertinglawntoanattractiveandbiodiversemixoflowgrowinggroundcoversandgrassesfromthelistinTable2.

4.4.4 Special Management Considerations for the Shoreline Zone• Limitbeachaccesspointsandestablishamore

biodiverseshorelinehabitatbydefiningpathways,suchasalongsidethehot-tubandcisternwhichisacurrentlyusedaccesspointwithagentleslope.

• Sea-Levelrise-Assealevelriseoccurs,theshrublayerwillmovebackfromtheshorelineandmaybepartofashorelinemitigationstrategyasoutlinedintheFMPAppendixK.Thisstrategymayincludehardandsoftstrategiesincludingwallsandconstructedberms.

• Stormimpacts-Allowingtheshorelinetorevegetateinstrategicareasandlimitingpedestrianaccesstotheshorelinemayassistinmitigatingstormimpactsanderosion.

4.5 Forest Management Zone4.5.1 Zone Description and Maintenance LevelTheforestzoneislocatedontheedgesoftheHavenpropertysurroundingthefacilityandincludesTheHavenownedresidentialpropertiesalongMalaspinaDrive.Theseareasincludelargeandsmalltrees,butgenerallyareamixoftreesthatare80yearsofageandsomethatareolder,approximately2-300yearsold.Themainobjectivesinthisareaaretopreservetrees,habitatandecosystemfunctioning,allowinglimitedpassiveactivitythroughtheforestindesignatedpathways.MaintenancelevelisLevel5,BackgroundandNaturalAreas(BCSLALandscapeStandards)whichincludesthefollowingmaintenance:

• Annualinvasiveplanteradication.• FiremanagementtoreducetheriskofignitionespeciallyduringthemonthsofApriltoSeptember.• Assessingtreehazardsevery5yearsorwhenreported.

4.5.2 Existing Forest Zone SpeciesTreesCoastalDouglasFir Pseudotsuga menziesii ssp menziesii

Shoreline Zone Character - A healthy shrub vegetated and low maintenance shoreline edge

Central Shoreline Zone Character - An attractive and bio-diverse groundcover shoreline with defined pathways allows for both views and habitat


Grandfir Abies grandisWesternredcedar Thuja plicataWesternhemlock Tsuga heterophyllaWesternyew Taxus brevifoliaArbutusorMadrona Arbutus menziesiiAlder Alnus rubraUnderstorey layer

Broadleaf EvergreenEvergreenHuckleberry Vaccinium ovatumTallOregongrape Mahonia aquifoliumDullOregonGrape Mahonia nervosaSalal Gaultheria shallonKinickinnik Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

DeciduousRedhuckleberry Vaccinium parvifoliumSalmonberry Rubus spectabilisThimbleberry Rubus parvifloraBaldhiprose Rosa gymnocarpaIndianplum Oemleria ceraciformisSnowberry Symphoricarpos albusTrailingsnowberry Symphoricarpos mollisSwordfern Polystichum munitum

Ground cover VanillaLeaf Achys triphyllaWayfindingplant Adenocaulon bicolorAlumroot Heuchera micranthaTwinflower Linnaea borealis

Orchids & Oddballs IndianPipe Monotropha unifloraCoralroot Corallorhiza maculata ssp. mertenianaRattlesnakeplantain Goodyera oblongifolia

4.5.3 Recommended Species for Forest ZoneExistingspeciesshouldbemaintainedandreplantedwhennecessary,especiallyshrubsandgroundcover.

4.5.4 Special Forest Zone Management Considerations• Inmanyareastheunderstorylayerissparse.Treethinningandunderstoreyenhancementmeasuresare

requiredtoincreaseforesthealth.SeeSection3.2.1.• Establishclearroutesforfootpathcirculation,particularlythroughtheforestednaturalareas,andwhere

theunderstoreyiscurrentlysparseandfoottrafficisrandom.Trailroutesshouldconsiderexistingdesire


lines,futuredevelopmentplans,andspecialfeaturestohighlightoravoiddisturbing.Asimplestake-postandcablebarriersystemorlogwheelstopsandbarrierscanmarktrails,parkingareasandroadedges.

• Constructaboardwalktrailsegmentandseatingareasaroundorthroughtheold-growthtreestoprotectthemfromcompactionwhilehighlightingthemassitefeatures.Alternatively,constructwoodchippathwaysthatareraisedratherthandugdownbelowgrade.

• Mulchareasthataresensitivetocompactionwithchippingsfromtreemaintenanceorleavescollectedfromthelawnareas.

• Createdenseareasofgroundcoverbyreplanting,andreseedingexistingandexposedareasofsoilthatarenotusedascirculationpathsorparking.

• Defineroadwaysandedgesofroadwayswithmulchorgroundcoverandbyusinglogs,stake-postandcablebarriersystemorlowsplitrailfencestodefineedgestoparkingareas,andlogsaswheelstops.

5 LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT WORK PLAN

5.1 Service modelCurrentlytheheadgardenerisaseasonalemployeeoftheHaven.DonMattsonhasretainedthisroleforthelast15years.HenowhasanapprenticewhowillcontinueinhisroleintothefutureasDonpreparesforretirement.Thismodelofin-housemaintenancewillcontinueintotheforeseeablefuture.

5.2 Personnel and RolesThegardenersandmaintenancestaffworktogethertomaintainthegroundsoverthecourseoftheyear.WhilethegardenersareonsitefromMarchtoOctober,theyareresponsibleforgroundsresponsibilitiesincludinghorticulture,treecare,irrigation,planting,compostmaintenance,andthevegetablegarden.Maintenancestaffassistthegardenersinthelawncareanddebriscleanup.

5.3 Seasonal MaintenanceSeeAppendixfortheAnnualScheduleataGlance.

5.4 Record Keeping• Aweeklyjournaloftasksshouldbekeptbythegardenerandkeptforreference.Itemssuchasplants

installedandplantsremovedshouldbenoted.Pestsandpestlocations,andtreatmentshouldbenoted.Irrigationfrequencyandquantitiesshouldbenotedforfuturereference.

• Notingsuspecttreelocationsanddescribingtheirappearanceshouldbenotedandsummarizedforthearborist.

• Alargeplanofthetreemappinnedupinanareawhereitcanbemonitoredwillhelpkeeptrackoftreesthatrequiremonitoring.

• Amonthlymonitoringreportshouldbecreatedtofollowuponareasofconcern.

6 PLANT MAINTENANCE BEST PRACTICES

6.1 Tree Assessment and Monitoring PracticesDonMattsonhasmonitoredthetreesbasedonthePGEreportsince2005.HazardTreeshavebeenremovedasnecessaryandothershavebeenmonitoredforchangesintheircondition.Twiceperyear,DonMattsonandLimberTreeServicemonitortreesvisuallyinareasalongpathwaysandroads,buildingsandstructuresto


determinewhethertreesneedfurtherinvestigation.Thisvisualassessmentincludes:reviewofthecanopyandpercentagehealth,limbandtrunkassessmentforwounds,growthsorotherstructuralissues,andoverallvigor.AsthismethodhasbeenworkingwellfortheHaven,itisourrecommendationthiscontinue.Ifaconditionisobservedthatrequiresadditionalattention,particularlyforlargertrees,itshouldbebroughttotheattentionofthearboristincharge.Visualinspectionandmonitoringshouldinclude:• Changestothefoliageanddeadbranchesinthecanopy(noting%decreaseorincrease)• Lean(%increaseordecreaseovertime)• Trunkandlargebranches(forcracksswellingandotherchanges).• Heavyconing(signofstress)

6.2 Tree PruningTreepruningshouldbeperformedbyqualifiedworkerswhoarefamiliarwiththepracticesandhazardsofarboricultureandtheequipmentusedinsuchoperations.ThisinformationisbasedonANSIA300pruningstandard.Pruningobjectivesshouldbeestablishedpriortotheworkplan.Treesshouldbeprunedto:

• Reduceriskfromfallingbranches• Reduceriskfrommajorstructuraldefects• Reducediseaseandpests• Reducedensityoflivebranches• Provideclearanceforcirculation• Increaselightlevelsbelowandreducewindresistance• Restoredamagedtrees• Reduceheightand/orspread• Improveaestheticsorsatisfyaspecificneedsuchasviewmanagement.

Pruningtechniquesfortrees:• Pruningtoolsusedinmakingcutsshouldbesharpanddisinfectedtopreventcrosscontamination.Anvil-

typepruningtoolsshouldnotbeused.Climbingspursshouldnotbeusedwhenclimbingtrees,exceptontreeremovalsorinemergencies.Spursmaybeusediftreebarkisthickenoughtopreventdamagetothecambium.

• Prunetreesforvehicularandpedestrianvisibilityandsafetyinareasofcirculation.• Cleaningthecrownshouldconsistoftheselectiveremovalofdead,diseasedandbrokenbranchesto

reduceriskand/orimprovethetree’sappearanceandhealth.• Thinningthecrownshouldconsistofpruningtoincreaselightpenetrationandairmovementorto

reducetheweightofthecrownontheoverallstructureofthetree.Thinningshouldresultinanevendistributionofbranchesonindividuallimbsandthroughoutthecrown.

• Raisingthecrownshouldconsistoftheselectivepruningtoprovideverticalclearancefromtheground.• Reductionofthecrownshouldconsistofselectivepruningtodecreaseheightand/orspread.

Considerationshouldbegiventotheabilityofaspeciestosustainthistypeofpruning.Eachspecieswillhavelimitationssuchasbirchandmaples,whichtendtobleedinthespring.

• Toppingcrownsshouldnotbeusedfornormaltreemaintenanceasitdisruptsthenormalgrowthofatreeandencouragesthegrowthofweaklyattachedbranchesthatbecomehazards.

• Notmorethanone/fourthofthefoliageofabranchorlimbshouldberemovedwhenitiscutbacktopreventexcessivelossoffoliage.

• Smallbranchpruningcuts:Acollarcutshouldbemadeclosetothetrunkorparentlimbwithoutcuttingintothebranchbarkridgeorcollarandwithoutleavingastub.Whenreducingthelengthofabranch,acutshouldbisecttheangelbetweenabranchbarkridgeandanimaginarylineperpendiculartothebranchorstem.Ultimatelythegoalistolessentheamountofsurfaceareaoftheexposedcut.Thefinalcut


shouldresultinonesmoothsurfacewithadjacentbarkfirmlyattached.Whenremovingadeadbranch,thefinalcutshouldbemadejustoutsidethecollarofthelivingtissue.Thelivecollarshouldremainintactanduninjured.

• Largebranchpruningcuts:Topreventdamagetotheparentlimbwhenremovingalargebranchthebranchesshouldberemovedinawaythatdoesnotcausedamagetootherpartsofthetree.Branchestoolargetosupportwithonehand,shouldbeprecuttoavoidsplittingortearingofthebark.Wherenecessary,ropesorotherequipmentshouldbeusedtolowerlargebranchesorportionsofbranchestotheground.

• Newlyplantedtrees:Atplantingtimepruningshouldbelimitedtocleaning.Branchesshouldberetainedloweronthetrunktoallowtrunktapertodevelop.Oncethetreeisestablished,dependingonthespecies,acentralleadershouldbedeveloped.Astrongscaffoldbranchstructureshouldalsobeselected.Interferingbranches,rubbingandpoorlyattachedbranchesshouldberemovedorreduced.Cleaningandthinningshouldbeperformedtoimprovetreebalanceandstructure.

• Woundtreatment:Wounddressingsshouldnotbeusedtocoverwoundsorpruningcuts.Barkwoundrepairsshouldconsistofremovingonlydamagedorloosebark.

• Restorationpruning:Thisconsistsofselectivepruningtoimprovestructureformandappearanceoftreesthathavebeenseverelyheaded,vandalizedordamaged.

• Viewpruningmayincludespiralpruningtothindensecanopytreestoallowviewsthroughwithoutremovingthetree.Spiralpruningallowsabalancedstructuralapproachtopruning.

• Palmpruning:Palmsshouldbeprunedwhenfronds,fruitorloosepetiolesmaycreateadangerouscondition.Livehealthyfronds,atanangleof45˚+fromthehorizontalplane,shouldnotberemoved.Frondsremovedshouldbeseveredclosetothepetiolebasewithoutdamaginglivingtrunktissue.Palmpeeling(shaving)shouldconsistoftheremovalofthedeadfrondbasesonlyatthepointtheymakecontactwiththetrunkwithoutdamagingtissue.

• Utilitypruning:Thepurposeofutilitypruningistopreventthelossofservice,topreventdamagetoequipment,andtoavoidimpairmentandupholdtheintendeduseofthefacility/utilityspace.OnlyaqualifiedlineclearancetreetrimmershouldbeassignedtolineclearanceworkinaccordancewithANSIZ133.

6.3 Shrub MaintenanceTheadditionofshrubsandgroundcovertoborders,areasaroundtreesandareasthathaveexposedsoilisbeneficialtothegardeninanumberofways.Groundcoversprovidenaturalmulchthathelpstopreventsoilerosion,providecoverforbeneficialinsectsandaddaduff(partiallydecomposedorganicmatter)layertothesoil.Theuseofnativeplantsisstrategicastheydonotrequireextrawaterandcancontendwithsummerdroughtandwinterrain,onceestablished.Chooseshrubsandground-coverstocreatelivingmulchthatdonotrequirerakingorblowingandremoval.Plantswillprovideshadeandpreventerosionbetterthanmulch.Delineategrassandforestedgeswithshrubs,groundcoverandperennialsalongedgesofstructures,suchasfencesalongtheroadwaystocreateanedge.

Pruningtechniquesforshrubs:• Aproperlyprunedshrublooksasthoughithasnotbeenpruned.Pruningcutsshouldbehiddeninside

theplantwheretheywillbecoveredbyremainingleaves.Thefirststepinpruningashrubistoremovealldead,diseasedorinjuredbranches.Removebranchesthatcrossortoucheachotherandthosethatlookoutofplace.Iftheshrubisstilltoodenseorlarge,removesome(uptoathird)oftheoldestbranches,usuallyfromthebaseoftheshrub.Floweringshrubsshouldbeprunedafterfloweringtoensuresubsequentyearsflowerbudsdevelop.

• Pruningshrubsbyheadingorthinning:Whenshrubsareheadedbackorshearedroutinely(randomcuttingoftheendsoftwigsoryoungbranchestoabudornode,usuallywithhedgingshears),dense,thicknewgrowthisproducedneartheouterportionsofthecanopy.Asaresult,lesslightreachesthe


interiorportionsoftheplant,leaveswithinthecanopybecomesparseandtheplantappearstopheavy.Aircirculationisdecreasedandthepotentialfordiseaseisincreased.Toavoidthisproblem,headbacktheshrub’sshootstoseveraldifferentheights.Whenheadingback,makethecutaboveahealthyoutwardpointingbud.

• Thinning(cuttingselectedbranchesbacktoasidebranchormaintrunk)isusuallypreferredoverheadingback.Thinningencouragesnewgrowthwithintheinteriorportionsofashrub,reducessizeandprovidesafullermoreattractiveplant.

Appendix A Suppliers


Appendix A Suppliers

GreenThumbWholesalenursery,6261–HammondBayRoadNanaimo,BCV9T5M4Phone:250-758-0808Fax:250-758-1987www.greenthumbwholesale.comUsername:greenthumbPassword:plants2011

StreamsideNativePlantsDivisionofVikingMarine/OutdoorsLtd7455IslandHighwayWestBowser,BritishColumbiaV0R1G0Phone:250-757-9999TollFree:877-570-3138Email:[email protected]://members.shaw.ca/nativeplants/streamside_home.html

YellowPointPropagationLtd.DonPiggot(Nativeplantseedsupplier)13735QuennellRoadP.O.Box669Ladysmith,BCV9G1A5Tel:250.245.4635Fax:[email protected]:DonPigott

PickSeedGarryOakUplandMixhttp://pickseed.com/WCanada/nativeSeed/docs/reclamation_info_2012.pdf

NALTNativePlantNursery3145FrostRoadplants@nalt.bc.ca250-714-1990or250-668-7670http://www.nalt.bc.ca/index.php?p=1_24_Native-Plant-Nursery

IPMBiologicalssupplyhttp://www.thebugfactory.ca/online-store/Beneficialinsectsandmore,Nanoose.

TerralinkHorticultureInc.DistributorsofRootSheildbeneficialfungusforturf,trees,shrubs464RiversideRd.S.Abbotsford,BCV2S7M1Phone:604-864-9044TollFree:1-800-661-4559

VanNoortBulbCompany22264Hwy.#10Langley,BCV2Y2K6T:(604)888-6555F:(604)888-7640TollFree:(888)826-6667www.vannoortbulb.com

EMCOCORPORATIONDistributerofTreeGatorAndrewTemplerOutsideAccountManager2253McGarrigleRoadNanaimo,BCV9S-4M5Cell250-331-1632TollFree1(877)585-6677


Appendix B Monthly Maintenance ReportHaven Gardens Monthly Report Date 1

Elements Work Done this month Problems needing attention

Completed

Perennials

Shrubs and Ground cover

Pathways and circulation

Other

Trees & Specimen plants

Lawns

Appendix C Annual Maintenance Schedule at a GlanceTHE HAVEN LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT PLAN 2015 _ ANNUAL SCHEDULE AT A GLANCEM=Maintenance Staff G=Gardener Staff

DRAFT December 14, 2014

MEADOW LAWN CARE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MANAGEMENT COMMENTS NOTES

Mow and Trim M☐ M☐M☐M☐M☐M☐

M☐M☐M☐M☐

M☐M☐M☐M☐ M☐M☐ M☐ M☐M☐ M☐ see LMP Section 4.3

Edging G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ see LMP Section 4.3Aeration M☐ M☐ see LMP Section 4.3Top dress and seed M☐ M☐ see LMP Section 4.3

Leaf clean-up G☐ G☐ G☐see LMP Section 3.10. Arbutus leaves can require clean-up all year.

Vacuumed by Maintenance & composted by gardener.

Liming / fertilizing M☐ see LMP Section 4.3

Monitor for septic issues G☐ see LMP Section 4.3.3Gardener observes & communicates to Maintenance

HORTICULTURE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MANAGEMENT COMMENTS NOTES

Weeding + cultivating G☐ G☐G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐to be done early as soon as weeds appear

Pruning trees G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐Winter damage, fruit trees, ornamental shrubs see LMP Section 6.2

Perennial plant care G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ Cut back and deadhead as neededOrnamental grasses G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ Tidy or crop as part of fall clean-upFertilize (topdressing) G☐ G☐ G☐

Dead heading G☐ G☐ G☐Varies by zone and species, can be left to birds in Forest Zone

Monitor for Pest and disease G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐

Tent caterpillar on fruit, poplars and ornamentals, powdery mildew on roses, wooly aphids on stressed firs, leaf miners & borers on lilacs.

Lilacs and chronically ill plants to be removed and replaced with suitable plants.

Winterize sensitive plants G☐ G☐Uncover winterized plants in March, winterize plants in October

Enhancement and new planting G☐ G☐ G☐

Larger projects may be done by landscape contractor in fall preferrably Forest dispersal septic bed replanted.

Compost + Mulch G☐ G☐ G☐

Applications of Seasoil, wood chips & fine mulch can be done in collaboration with Maintenance

REGULAR TREE CARE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MANAGEMENT COMMENTS NOTES

Fire ladder removal M☐see LMP Section 3.4 and 3.2. Chip debris In conjunction with arborist and maintenance

Fruit tree harvest G☐Harvest fruit as ripe to prevent deer and insect attraction.

Fruit tree treatment G☐ Spray with Dormant oil in late winterDisease and hazard review G☐ G☐ In conjunction with arboristStorm debris clean-up M☐ M☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ M☐ M☐ see LMP Section 3.9. Chip debris In conjunction with arborist and maintenance

IRRIGATION CARE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MANAGEMENT COMMENTS NOTES

Handwatering G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐Check taps hoses for leaks at the end of each day of use.

Temp Irrigation system start-up G☐ see LMP Section X. Check for leaksTemp Irrigation system winterize G☐

Irrigation system monitor G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐Check for reservoir refills, leaks,& plant response.

OTHER CARE JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MANAGEMENT COMMENTS NOTESLitter clean-up M☐ M☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ M☐ M☐Inspect for pestsCompost turning G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ Once per month Gardener monitors carbon nitrogen ratio

Compost maintenance G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐Plant/Construction interface & monitoring

Ensures Tree trunks & root zones are protected & monitored for health. In conjuction with arborist and maintenance.

Vegetable Garden G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐ G☐Prepares beds, plants, monitors and harvests produce In conjuction with kitchen staff

Management level varies by zone. Refer to Landscape Management Plan

See below for forest management schedule

Turf should be managed to look neat. It is not irrigated, and allowed to go dormant in summer.


Appendix D Fertilizers

Fishfertilizer,compost,wellrottedmanures,andSeasoilareacceptablefertilizers.Useseakelpformicronutrients,andalfalfamealfornitrogen(ifnecessary,tonotencouragealfafaasweeds).Therearealsoorganiccompletefertilizersavailablecommercially,suchasGaiaGreen.

Topdressingwithcompost,SeasoilorNutri-mulchinearlysummerisagoodpracticetoreplenishorganicmaterial-to2inchesor5cmdepth,takingcaretokeepitawayfromthetrunksoftrees,shrubsandsoftperennialstems.

Organic Mix RecipeBuythemealatRavenFeedandlimeandrockdust,bonemealatSharcareorBuckerfieldsinNanaimo;WheelbarrelorWildroseGardenCentresonGabriola.Useabiggarbagecontainerwithalidtomixitinandstorage(30litreorso).ThisRecipeisfromSteveSolomon’sbook,GrowingVegetablesWestoftheCascades,Updated6thEdition:TheCompleteGuidetoOrganicGardeningmeantforvegetablesbutsuitableforornamentalplants.Evenlydistribute4litresper100squarefeetora¼cuppermediumsizedplant1xperyearandcultivateintothesoil.

Measureallmaterialsbyvolume—bythescoop,bucketful,jarful,orwhatevercontaineryouwanttouse,aslongasit’sthesameforeachingredient.Proportionscanvary10percenteitherwayandstillproducethedesiredresults.Mixuniformly:

4partsalfalfameal1/3partordinaryagriculturallime,bestfinelyground1/3partgypsum(ordoubletheagriculturallime)1/3partdolomiticlime(leavethisoutinclaysoils)Plus,forbestresults:1partbonemeal,rockphosphate1/2to1partkelpmeal


Appendix E Tree Protection Zones

TRUNKDIAMETERMINIMUMPROTECTIONREQUIREDAROUNDTREE

Trunkdiameter(BH) Distancefromtrunk20cm 1.2m25 1.530 1.835 2.140 2.445 2.750 3.055 3.360 3.675 4.590 5.0100 6

Tree root protection criteria:

Douglas fir -Pseudotsuga menziesii Generallythesetreeshavegoodtomoderatetoleranceforconstruction,tolerantofsomegradechange,to25%ofrootzone.

Maturetreesneed1.00ftperinchdiameteroftrunkat4.5ftbreastheight.Youngtreesneed.75ftperinchdiameterofcalliper.

Grand fir-Abies grandisGenerallymoderatetopoorconstructiontolerance

Maturetreesneed1.25ftperinchdiameterYoungtrees.75to1’perinchdiameter

Western hemlock-Tsuga heterophylla Generallypoortomoderatetolerancesusceptibletowindthrow,intolerantofgradechanges

Youngtreesneed1’perinchdiameterMaturetreesneed1.25’perinchdiameter

Western red cedar-Thuja plicata Generallythesetreeshavepoortomoderate,sensitivetogradechanges&watertablechange.

Maturetreesneed1.25ftperinchdiameteryoungtreesneed1’perinchdiameter


Root Zone protection criteria;

Protectrootzonesfrom:compaction&changesingrade.

Useathicklayerofmulch(woodchips6-12“deep)toprotecttreesfromdroughtandreducecompactionofsoil.Watertreeswellbeforemulching.

Erectbarrierstotheextentoftherootprotectionzone(asstatedabovebasedonacombinationoftreetypeandtoleranceandsizeoftree).Barriersshouldbesturdyandmustlimitanyaccesstotherootzone.Removemulchafterconstruction.

Limitaccesstotheconstructionsitetooneaccessroutetolimitsoilandrootzonedisturbance.

Furthercriteriamaybedevelopedonatreebytreebasis:forexamplesometreerootsmaybeprunedtoallowforfootingsetc,ifexcavationisdonewithanairspadetoexposerootsandcleanlyprunewithoutdamagingthestructuralintegrityoftheroots.


COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME COMMENTSSouthLodgeWhaleWindowWisteriaVine Wisteria sinensis PruneLateFallBoxwood Buxus sempervirens PruneasnecessaryforsizeLilac Syringa vulgaris Donotreplace,retaintillrenovation,disease

prevalentIvy Hedera helix Removeorcontroltopreventflowerinandseed

setHeather Erica carnea AmmendwithfinecompostedwoodchipsPrune

afterflowering(StinkingorBearsfoot)Hellebore

Helleborus foetidus DeadheadafterfloweringRemoveoldleavesinlatewinter

King Frittilaria imperialis PrunebackasitdiesbackSedum Sedum album RemoveflowerstalksinhighvisibilityareasBlueoatgrass Helictotricon

sempervironCutbackinlatewinterbeforenewshootsarrive

CreepingThyme Thymus sp CutbackasnecessarytorejuvinategrowthHosta Hosta sp. CutbackasnecessaryDaisy Leucanthemum sp. Deadheadforrepeatflowers,cutbackhardinfallSwordferns Polystichum munitum PruneoldleavesinspringinOrnamentalGarden

zoneVariegatedHolly Ilex sp. Pruneasnecessaryforsize(invasiveplant)Herbaceousperennials various PruneasnecessaryDwarfAlbertaSrpuce Picea glauca albertiana

'Conica'Nopruningnecessary

Lilac(canberemoved) Syringa vulgaris Donotreplace,retaintillrenovation,diseaseprevalent

Yucca Yucca filamentosa RemovelowerleavesasnecessaryEscallonia Escallonia sp. PruneafterfloweringforsizePuffinLodgePalm-Donated Trachycarpus fortunei Prunewhenfrondsbrown:seereportpruningDwarfAlbertaSrpuce Picea glauca albertiana


Rosemary Rosmarius officinalis Pruneasnecessaryforsize/shapeSweetOlive Osmanthus burkwoodii PruneafterfloweringforsizeHeather Erica carnea Ammendwifinecompostedwoodchips,Prune

afterfloweringIris Iris germanica Mayneeddividingtorenewevery2yearsSpurge Euphorbia characias

ssp. wulfeniiPruneasnecessaryforsizeafterflowering(seedsareprolificandmayneedtoberemovedtopreventspread)

Appendix F Maintenance Needs of Existing Plants


COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME COMMENTSSWLodge-HandicapDoortoReception

LilacBush(canberemoved)

Syringa vulgaris Donotreplace,retaintillrenovation,diseaseprevalent

Yucca Yucca filamentosa RemovelowerleavesasyellowedLilacBush(canberemoved)

Syringa vulgaris Donotreplace,retaintillrenovation,diseaseprevalent

Largeleafperriwinkle* Vinca major Prunebacktocontrolasnecessary,consideredinvasive

RockGarden-KeyMap4Ivyonthelattice Hedera helix Removeorcontrolsoitdoesnotflowerandset

seedDwarfAlbertaSrpuce Picea glauca albertiana


ConcreteplanterwithMexicanHairGrass

Stipa tenuissima Cutbackasnecessarytorejuvinategrowth

Lavender Lavendula angustifolia Pruneafterflowering&inlatewinterSedum Sedum sp DeadheadinhighlyvisiblezonesHeather Erica carnea Ammendwithfinecompostedwoodchips,Prune

afterfloweringRhododendronBush Rhododendron sp Pruneafterfloweringtocontrolsize,deadheadin

highvisibilityareasPortugeseLaurel Prunus lusitanica Pruneasnecessaryforsize,thintoallowlightinto

thecanopyPoppies Papaver oriental PruneasitdiesbackCotoneaster Cotoneaster

horizontalis var. perpusillus

Pruneasnecessaryforsize

Yucca Yucca filamentosa RemovelowerleavesasyellowedSunshineflower Senecio (Brachyglottus)

greyiiPruneafterflowering&inlatewintertocontrolsize

WeepingBirchTree Betula pendula 'Youngii' Pruneasnecessaryforsize&toallowaircirculationincanopy

SwordFern Polystichum munitum PrunebackoldleavesinspringAssortedperennialsspringbulbs

Narcissus sp, Tulipa, Allium

Removeleavesasitdiesback

AssortedperennialsDaisy

Leucanthemum x'Superbum'

Deadhead-prunebackasitdiesback

Assortedperennials Helianthus sp Deadhead-prunebackasitdiesbackJapanesequince Chaenomeles japonica Pruneafterflowering


COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME COMMENTSGrapeArbor-Joann'sMemorialGrapevine Vitis vinifera PruneinlatewinterBamboo Phyllostachys aurea* Pruneoldculmsasnecessary,removenewshoots

tocontrolgrowth(consideredinvasive)Holly Ilex sp. Donotreplace,consideredinvasiveSpringbulbs Tulipa, removeleavesasitdiesbackHexagonalContainedgarden-(Ben'sMemorialGarden)Herbaceousperennials mix Deadhead-prunebackasitdiesbackWeepingBirchTree Betula pendula 'Youngii' Pruneasnecessaryforsize&toallowair

circulationincanopyHeather Erica carnea Ammendsoilwithfinercompostedwoodchips,

PruneafterfloweringSkimmia Skimmia japonica prunetocontrolsizeifnecessaryRhododendron Rhododendron sp Prunebackafterfloweringtocontrolsizeif

necessaryDaylily Hemerocallis sp DeadheadanddivideasnecessaryMonkeyPuzzleTree Auracarea auracana Topupmulchasnecessary,prunedeadbranches

asnecessaryWeepingBirchTree Betula pendula Prunetoallowaircirculationandtrimlengthof

branchesasnecessaryinfallHexagonalContainedgardenwithOrnamentalPlumCorkscrewHazel-HarryLauder'sWalkingStick

Coryllus avellana 'Contorta'

Pruneoldcanestothegroundtorenew,prunesuckersandwatersproutsasrequired

PortugeseLaurel Prunus lusitanica PrunetocontrolsizeinlatespringSunshineflower Senecio greyii Pruneafterflowering&inlatewintertocontrol

sizeYucca Yucca filamentosa RemovelowerleavesasnecessaryColtsfoot Petasites palmatus RemovelowerleavesasnecessaryFloweringPlumTree Prunus pissardi nigra PrunebackafterfloweringCornerThunderbirdFieldgardenDwarfAlbertianaSpruce

Picea glauca albertiana 'Conica'

Nopruningnecessary

EnglishIvy Hedera helix InvasiveremoveSmokeBush Cotinus coggygria PrunetocontrolsizeMahonia(midfield) Mahonia x Charity PrunetocontrolsizeDryGarden(alongsideOrca)Sedum Sedum album DeadheadanddivideasnecessarySedum Sedum spathulifolium Deadheadanddivideasnecessary


COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME COMMENTSHens&Chicks Sempervivum tectorum DeadheadanddivideasnecessaryCreepingThyme Thymus sp CutbackasnecessarytorejuvinategrowthCaliforniapoppy Eschscholzia californica Allowtoreseedandweedoutasnecessary

(collectseedheadstoredistributeasnecessary)Lavendarcotton Santolina

chamaecyparissusCutbackasnecessarytorejuvinategrowth

HeatherGarden(edgeofThunderbirdFieldSeptic)Swordfern Polystichum munitum CutbackoldfrondsinlatewintertorejuvinateHeather Erica carnea Ammendwithfinecompostedwoodchips,Prune

afterfloweringLavender Lavandula angustifolia CutbackinlatewintertorejuvinategrowthCedar Thuja plicata Trimasnecessary-removeandreplacewith

appropriateplantBoxleafhoneysuckle Lonicera nitida PrunetocontrolsizeafternewgrowthappearsBarberry Berberis thunbergii

CultivarPruneinlatewintertocontrolsize

Hazelnuttree Corylus avellana RemoveoldstemsfromthegroundinJulyAugusttopreventsuckerformation

Oak Quercus rubra PrunetoraisecanopyortothincanopyJuniper Juniperus sp. Pruneasnecessarytocontrolspreadandcutout

deadordyingbranchesHolly Ilex x variagatus Prunetocontrolsize-removeandreplacewith

appropriateplant(invasive)Sedum Sedum sp DeadheadanddivideasnecessaryThyme Thymus repens CutbackasnecessarytorejuvinategrowthEscallonia Escallonia sp PruneafterfloweringtocontrolsizeSkimmia Skimmia sp PruneafterfloweringtocontrolsizeRhododendron Rhododendron sp. Deadheadinhighlyvisiblezones,pruneforsize

afterfloweringSatirgardenForsythiabush Forsythia x Pruneforsizeafterflowering,removeold

branchesfrombaseBamboo Phyllostachys aurea Removeoldculmsandnewculmstocontrol

spread,(consideredinvasiveandflammable)Rhododendron Rhododendron sp Deadheadinhighlyvisiblezones,pruneforsize

afterfloweringHazelnut Corylus avellana

contortaRemoveoldstemsfromthegroundinJulyAugusttopreventsuckerformation

Mugopine Pinus mugo RemovecandlesinspringtocontrolgrowthCotoneaster Cotoneaster dammerii Cutbackasnecessarytocontrolsize


COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME COMMENTSBroom Spartium junceum Consideredanoxiousweed&ishighlyflamable,

shouldbereplacedwithasuitableplantSage Salvia officinalis CutbackinlatewintertorejuvinategrowthWeepingAtlascedar Cedrus atlantica glauca

pendulaPlantinpoorhealthremoveandreplacewithasuitableplant

Chickadee&PondJuniper Juniperus sp Pruneasnecessarytocontrolspreadandcutout

deadordyingbranchesCreepingThyme Thymus sp. CutbackasnecessarytorejuvinategrowthSunshineflower Senecio greyii Cutbackinlatewintertocontrolsize&

rejuvinategrowthRhododendron Rhododendron sp Deadheadinhighlyvisiblezones,pruneforsize

afterfloweringPortugeselaurel Prunus lusitanica Prunetocontrolsizeinearlyspringorlate

summerHeather Erica carnea ammendsoilwithfinercompostedwoodchips,

PruneafterfloweringSkimmia Skimmia japonica MalefemaleplantsproduceberriesYellowflagiris Iris pseudoacorus Invasive.Remove(replacewithNativeIrissetosa)RhododendronBush(sidePhoenix)

Rhododendron sp MemorialtoDonErnieandJoann

PhoenixGardenForsythia Forsythia x intermedia Pruneafterfloweringtocontrolsize,pruneout

oldcanestorejuvinateFatsia Fatsia japonica PruneinlatewintertocontrolsizeBoxleafhoneysuckle Lonicera nitida PrunetocontrolsizeafternewgrowthappearsSwordfern Polystichum munitum PrunebackoldleavesinspringinOrnamental

gardenzoneMexicanmockorange Choisya ternata Pruneafterfloweringtocontrolsize,pruneout

oldcanestorejuvinateCotoneaster Cotoneaster sp. PruneinlatewintertocontrolsizeHavenside-NoMaintenanceitemsHavenhaus-NoKeyMapWisteriaVine Wisteria sinensis PrunebackhardinlatefallHollyMahoniaOregonGrapevine

Mahonia aquifolium Prunetocontrolsizeinearlyspring

RavenGardenPampas Cortaderia selloana Prunebackinearlyspring


COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME COMMENTSJuniper Juniperus sp Pruneasnecessarytocontrolspreadandcutout

deadordyingbranchesCotoneaster Cotoneaster dammerii PrunetocontrolsizeifnecessarySwordfern Polystichum munitum PrunebackoldleavesinspringinOrnamental

gardenzoneHerbaceousperennialsbulbs

Narcissus Deadhead&removeleavesastheydieback

KingfisherGardenSpanishbroom Spartium junceum Consideredanoxiousweed&ishighlyflamable,

shouldbereplacedwithasuitableplantSedum Sedum albumBamboo Phyllostachys aurea Pruneoldculmsasnecessary,removenewshoots

tocontrolgrowth(consideredinvasive)KingfisherBackGardenBoxwood Buxus sempervirens PrunetocontrolsizeafternewgrowthappearsJapanesemaple Acer palmatum PrunetocontrolsizeinlatesummerorfallSandpiperGardenHeath Erica x veitchii Ammendsoilwithfinercompostedwoodchips,

PruneafterfloweringLily Lillium Deadhead&removeleavesastheydiebackLemonBalm Melissa officinalis Controlgrowthbycuttingbloomsandpreventing

seeddispersalCrocosmia Crocosmia sp Deadhead&removeleavesastheydiebackRhubarb Rheum sp. removeleavesasitdiesbackEastSandpiperGardenOrnamentalPlum(mayberemovedashealth&maintenanceisanissue)

Prunus pissardi nigra Removeasrequired

BlackBamboo Phyllostachys nigra Pruneoldculmsasnecessary,removenewshootstocontrolgrowth

Choisya Choisya ternata pruneafterfloweringtocontrolsize,pruneoutoldcanestorejuvinate

Hot-tubPampasGardenPampas Cortaderia selloana PrunebackinearlyspringYucca Yucca sp Removelowerleavesasyellowed,orspottedBuddleiabush Buddleia Prunebackhardinfalltopreventseedspread

(consideredinvasive)StumpGarden


COMMON NAME BOTANICAL NAME COMMENTSMexicanHairgrass Stipa tenuissima Cutbackinlatewintertocontrolsize&

rejuvinategrowth,itwillreseeditselfYucca Yucca sp Removelowerleavesasyellowed,orspottedHeather Erica carnea Ammendsoilwithfinercompostedwoodchips,

PruneafterfloweringSage Salvia officinalis CutbackinlatewintertorejuvinategrowthWallflower Erysimum 'Bowles

Mauve'Shearinmidsummertoencouragerepeatblooms

SpanishBroom Spartium junceum Consideredanoxiousweed&ishighlyflamable,shouldbereplacedwithasuitableplant

Sunshine Senecio greyii Pruneafterflowering&inlatewintertocontrolsize

Montbretia Crocosmia sp. Deadhead&removeleavesastheydiebackSedum Sedum album RemoveflowerstalksinhighvisibilityareasEscallonia Escallonia sp PruneafterfloweringforsizeCormorantGardenCedar Thuja plicata Trimasnecessary-removeandreplacewith

appropriateplantItalianplumtree Prunus 'Italian Plum' Pruneinearlyspring&applydormantoilGinkgotree Gingko biloba PrunetocontrolsizeYewtree Taxus brevifolia PruneasnecessaryforsizeCherryTree Prunus edible Pruneinearlyspring&applydormantoilAppleTree Malus edible Pruneinearlyspring&applydormantoilEagleviewGarden(acrossfromLodge)Japanesefloweringcherry

Prunus serrulata 'Kanzan'

Pruneasnecessaryforsize,thintoallowlightintothecanopy,earlyspringorlatefall

Mexicanmockorange Choisya ternata Pruneafterfloweringtocontrolsize,pruneoutoldcanestorejuvinate

Blackbamboo Phyllostachys nigra Pruneoldculmsasnecessary,removenewshootstocontrolgrowth

Boxhoneysuckle Lonicera nitida PrunetocontrolsizeafternewgrowthappearsRachel'sTree-MonkeyPuzzleTree Auracarea auracana PrunedeadbranchesorlowerbranchesasneededSeagullDeckYewtree Taxus brevifolia Carefullyremovedeckfromdamagingtree

Protectbarkfromconstructionwithburlaporcardboard


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References

The Haven Landscape Management Plan 2015

Documents

Transcript of The Haven Landscape Management Plan 2015