The Harlem Renaissance 1920’s & 1930’s. Cultural Times Development of the African American...
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The Harlem Renaissance
1920’s & 1930’s
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Cultural Times•Development of the African American middle class
•WWI created jobs in the North
•Development of African American literature, art, and music
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Attitude of the Times
•Artistic expression•Racial pride•Social and political equality•Times led to great appreciation and awareness of African American culture
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Music and Art•Means of expressing:–African roots–modern struggles–new freedoms
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Music•Jazz and Blues–Louis Armstrong–Duke Ellington
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The Banjo LessonHenry Ossawa Tanner
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JeunessePalmer Hayden
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Chain GangWilliam H. Johnson
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Literature•Many held to cultural language
roots–Gullah
•Hopes to challenge racial prejudices
•Freedom to express struggles•Motivation to overcome
obstacles
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Harlem
•Housing executives planned to create neighborhoods in Harlem designed specifically for white workers who wanted to commute into the city.
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Harlem, cont.•Developers grew overambitious, however, and housing grew more rapidly than the transportation necessary to bring residents into the downtown area. The once exclusive district was abandoned by the white middle-class. Harlem landlords began renting to black tenants.
•.
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•As a result, African-Americans began moving to Harlem en masse; between 1900 and 1920 the number of blacks in the New York City neighborhood doubled.
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Claude McKay•Originally from Jamaica •Began writing at age of 10•Famous journalist
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McKay’s Works•America•If We Must Die•Enslaved
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Countee Cullen•Grew up in NYC and Baltimore
•Adopted by powerful minister
•Became influential through his writing–Influenced English Romantics
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Cullen’s Works•Tableau•Incident
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Paul Lawrence Dunbar
•Born to slave parents in KY
•One of first recognized Af.Am. poets
•Befriended Douglass in Chicago
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Dunbar’s Works•The Lesson•Sympathy•We Wear the Mask
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Arna Bontemps•Friend of Langston
Hughes•Born of Creole
parents•Nashville connection!
Bontemps worked for many years as the librarian at Fisk.
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Bontemps’ WorksGod Sends Sunday (1931)
Black Thunder (1936—historical novel)
Personals (3rd ed., 1973 collection of poetry)
The Harlem Renaissance Remembered (1972)
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Langston Hughes
•Worked hard to pay for college
•Ambitious with poetry
•Influenced by Walt Whitman
•Wrote for musical audience
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Hughes’ Works•Weary Blues•Dream Deferred•I, Too•Mother to Son
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PresentationsYour assignment for this unit:–Create a handout on one poem from the packet.
–Handout includes your poem (including author), and a brief explication of the poem.
–You will do a formal reading of your poem and then briefly summarize your poetic analysis.