THE HAPSBURGS

SECTION 5

Question:What events led to the rise of the Hapsburgs?

Wars and the Growth of Nations

SECTION 5Wars and the Growth of Nations

The Habsburgs became the most powerful family in

Europe.

A Habsburg was elected emperor in 1273.

More well-planned marriages gave the Habsburgs control of much of the empire’s territory.

The Habsburgs used their position to arrange

marriages with powerful families.

Through marriage the Habsburg family gained control of Austria and

nearby lands.

THEIR DOMINIONS

THE HAPSBURGS, HAD CONTROLLED THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE FOR ALMOST 400 YEARS.

• THEIR DOMINIONS INCLUDED LANDS OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS.

• WHEN FRANCIS I WAS THE AUSTRIAN EMPEROR, THERE WAS A POLICY OF BECOMING VERY CONSERVATIVE AND THEY TRIED TO AVOID ALL LIBRERAL CHANGES.

• EVEN, THE WORD CONSTITUTION WAS PROHIBITED (It promoted liberalism)

• THERE WERE MANY LIBERAL CHANGES BEGUN WITH THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.

• Industrialism was growing in all Europe, and Austria was remaining old-fashioned.

Main problem of the Austrian Empire:

• Austrian territories included many ethnic groups, more than the Austrians themselves.

Czechs, Slovaks, Pole, Ukrainians, Romanians, Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, as well as Italians, Hungarians.

• 1848: These groups demanded Nationalist ideas, to become free.

• Emperor Francis Joseph, another Hapsburg, made some reforms. He granted a constitution that set up a legislature. But this legislature was controlled by German-speaking Austrians.

• 1866: The Dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary was created.

• Austria and Hungary were separate states, but Francis Joseph ruled as Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary. In other areas, they were independent.-

AUSTRIA

HUNGARY

THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

Many nationalist groups under the control of the Ottoman Empire wanted to become free. (Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania)

Many revolts and crisis in the Empire.

THE SICK MAN OF EUROPE

• The Ottoman Empire was called that way because of the many problems, it was in decadence.