The Growth ofThe Growth ofThe New England ColoniesThe New England Colonies

PuritanismPuritanism

Wanted to reform [purify] the Church of Wanted to reform [purify] the Church of EnglandEngland

Grew impatient with the slow progress of Grew impatient with the slow progress of Protestant Reformation in EnglandProtestant Reformation in England

SeparatistsSeparatists Puritans who believe that only visible saints Puritans who believe that only visible saints

should be admitted for church membershipshould be admitted for church membership Because the Church of England enrolled all Because the Church of England enrolled all

the king’s subjects, separatists felt they had to the king’s subjects, separatists felt they had to share their church with the “damned”share their church with the “damned”

Therefore, they believed in a “total break” Therefore, they believed in a “total break” from the Church of Englandfrom the Church of England

Sources of Separatist MigrationSources of Separatist Migration

PilgrimsPilgrims Ultimately left the Netherlands because they Ultimately left the Netherlands because they

didn’t think it was “pure” enough for themdidn’t think it was “pure” enough for them

Did not want to mix with the other religionsDid not want to mix with the other religions

1620, a group of 100 people negotiated with 1620, a group of 100 people negotiated with the Virginia Company to settle in their the Virginia Company to settle in their jurisdictionjurisdiction

The MayflowerThe Mayflower

Arrived far off course from Arrived far off course from destination – Plymouth Bay destination – Plymouth Bay outside the domain of the outside the domain of the VA co.VA co.

Squatters without legal right Squatters without legal right to land and authority to start to land and authority to start governmentgovernment

The May Flower CompactThe May Flower CompactNovember 11, 1620November 11, 1620

The May Flower CompactThe May Flower CompactNovember 11, 1620November 11, 1620

Written and signed before the passengers Written and signed before the passengers disembarked from shipdisembarked from ship

Not a constitution, but an agreement to form to Not a constitution, but an agreement to form to a crude government and submit to majority a crude government and submit to majority rulerule

Signed by 41 adult malesSigned by 41 adult males Led to meeting in assemblies to make lawsLed to meeting in assemblies to make laws John Carver elected governorJohn Carver elected governor

That First year…That First year… Winter of 1620-1621 extremely harsh (only 44 Winter of 1620-1621 extremely harsh (only 44

of the original 100 survived)of the original 100 survived)* weather* weather* starvation* starvation* disease* disease

None chose to leave in 1621 when the None chose to leave in 1621 when the Mayflower sailed backMayflower sailed back

The First ThanksgivingThe First Thanksgiving Survival owed to Squanto and the Wampanaog Survival owed to Squanto and the Wampanaog

IndiansIndians Native Americans were weak in the New England Native Americans were weak in the New England

area, epidemics had wiped out over ¾ poparea, epidemics had wiped out over ¾ pop Chief Massasoit signed treaty with settlers in 1621Chief Massasoit signed treaty with settlers in 1621

Colony survived with fur (especially beaver), Colony survived with fur (especially beaver), fish and lumberfish and lumber

Fall 1621 --- celebrated First ThanksgivingFall 1621 --- celebrated First Thanksgiving

Plymouth colonyPlymouth colony William Bradford was chosen governor of William Bradford was chosen governor of

Plymouth over 30 timesPlymouth over 30 times Worried about non Puritan settlements Worried about non Puritan settlements

springing up nearby and corrupting Puritan springing up nearby and corrupting Puritan society ----- A Model of Christian Charity?society ----- A Model of Christian Charity?

Plymouth stayed small and economically Plymouth stayed small and economically unimportantunimportant Merged with Massachusetts Bay colonyMerged with Massachusetts Bay colony

The First Seal of The First Seal of the MA bay colonythe MA bay colony

Puritan MigrationPuritan Migration

The MA Bay ColonyThe MA Bay Colony The Great Migration of the 1630’sThe Great Migration of the 1630’s Turmoil in England Turmoil in England

Charles I inherits 1625 – tries to bring back CatholicismCharles I inherits 1625 – tries to bring back Catholicism Conflicts with ParliamentConflicts with Parliament

Two main reasons for exodus?Two main reasons for exodus? Avoid economic ruinAvoid economic ruin Avoid religious persecutionAvoid religious persecution

Royal Charter to form MA Bay ColonyRoyal Charter to form MA Bay Colony Could govern colony as wished but could not violate Could govern colony as wished but could not violate

English lawEnglish law

The MA Bay colonyThe MA Bay colony 1630, approx. 1000 people established a colony with 1630, approx. 1000 people established a colony with

Boston as its hubBoston as its hub These Puritans: Similar and different to PilgrimsThese Puritans: Similar and different to Pilgrims

Escape attacks by conservatives in ChurchEscape attacks by conservatives in Church Didn’t want to leave the church or cut all ties with Didn’t want to leave the church or cut all ties with

England, only its impurities, different economic statusesEngland, only its impurities, different economic statuses John Winthrop – 1John Winthrop – 1stst Governor Governor

Believed he had a calling from god to leadBelieved he had a calling from god to lead ““A City upon a Hill,” --- a model communityA City upon a Hill,” --- a model community

Back in Europe…Back in Europe… While Massachusetts Bay colony was beginning, a While Massachusetts Bay colony was beginning, a

Civil War erupted in England in 1642Civil War erupted in England in 1642

PURITANSPURITANS vs. vs. ROYALISTSROYALISTS(Roundheads) (Cavaliers)(Roundheads) (Cavaliers)

Oliver Cromwell – Lord ProtectorOliver Cromwell – Lord Protector Puritans won, causing emigration to America to Puritans won, causing emigration to America to

virtually cease during the years of 1653-1658.virtually cease during the years of 1653-1658.

The New England WayThe New England Way Winthrop’s colony was one guided by English law Winthrop’s colony was one guided by English law

and the Bibleand the Bible Expected to work together for the common goodExpected to work together for the common good Voting rights granted to all Voting rights granted to all freemenfreemen – those who – those who

were church members and property ownerswere church members and property owners Freemen in each town then elected representatives to make Freemen in each town then elected representatives to make

laws for the colony – General courtlaws for the colony – General court ½ the men could vote½ the men could vote none of the women had right to votenone of the women had right to vote

The New England WayThe New England Way

The symbol of this cooperation –The symbol of this cooperation –MeetinghouseMeetinghouse Used for both town meetings and churchUsed for both town meetings and church

Puritans extremely religious – not tolerantPuritans extremely religious – not tolerant Belief in Predestination – god had already Belief in Predestination – god had already

determined who would be saved, chosen onesdetermined who would be saved, chosen ones Basic unit of social life in colonial New Basic unit of social life in colonial New

England -------- England -------- THE TOWNTHE TOWN

The New England WayThe New England Way Depended on educated people who could understand Depended on educated people who could understand

the Biblethe Bible General Court’s Laws: General Court’s Laws:

required parents to make sure that their children learned to required parents to make sure that their children learned to readread

1636, Harvard College, Yale (1701) – ministry 1636, Harvard College, Yale (1701) – ministry trainingtraining

1647, “the old deluder law1647, “the old deluder law 50 or more people = private tutor for kids50 or more people = private tutor for kids 100 or more people = mandatory school built100 or more people = mandatory school built

Characteristics of LifeCharacteristics of Lifein New England settlementsin New England settlements

• Educated farmers, artisansEducated farmers, artisans• Orderly families Orderly families • Patriarchy extremely importantPatriarchy extremely important

• Total obedience to fathers or husbandsTotal obedience to fathers or husbands• Worked in fields during harvestWorked in fields during harvest• Made family essentials like, soap, candles, yarn, Made family essentials like, soap, candles, yarn,

clothes, butter, cheeseclothes, butter, cheese

Characteristics….Characteristics…. Many large familiesMany large families

Average 6 childrenAverage 6 children Average marriage age, women (22), men (27)Average marriage age, women (22), men (27)

No food problem like JamestownNo food problem like Jamestown Diseases couldn’t survive in cold climateDiseases couldn’t survive in cold climate

Low mortality – Low mortality – average life expectancy was 70 years oldaverage life expectancy was 70 years old In one town, 85% of all children lived to adultIn one town, 85% of all children lived to adult

CommerceCommerce Very little need for indentured servants and Very little need for indentured servants and

slavesslaves Large families, fathers, and sons provided the Large families, fathers, and sons provided the

labor neededlabor needed Cold winters and poor soil prevented farmers Cold winters and poor soil prevented farmers

from raising a large surplus of crops to sellfrom raising a large surplus of crops to sell Business of New England: fishing and tradeBusiness of New England: fishing and trade

Distilled rum, built shipsDistilled rum, built ships Sold fish, grain, lumber, meat, turpentineSold fish, grain, lumber, meat, turpentine

Puritan RebelsPuritan Rebels

ConnecticutConnecticut Founded by minister, Thomas Hooker 1636Founded by minister, Thomas Hooker 1636 Left Massachusetts bc of religious differences Left Massachusetts bc of religious differences

with Puritanswith Puritans Left for more farmland (towns too close)Left for more farmland (towns too close) 1639, Fundamental Orders of CT adopted (11639, Fundamental Orders of CT adopted (1stst

written constitution in the colonies)written constitution in the colonies)

Rhode IslandRhode Island Founded by minister, Roger Williams, 1636Founded by minister, Roger Williams, 1636 Banished from Massachusetts Bay colony bc Banished from Massachusetts Bay colony bc

he questioned Puritan wayshe questioned Puritan ways Strict separation of church and stateStrict separation of church and state Land should be purchased from Indians (which he Land should be purchased from Indians (which he

did from the Narraganset Indians in 1636)did from the Narraganset Indians in 1636) Obtained a royal charter in 1644Obtained a royal charter in 1644

Religious freedom to all its inhabitantsReligious freedom to all its inhabitants Seen as a “sewer” by the PuritansSeen as a “sewer” by the Puritans

Another challenger…Another challenger… Anne Hutchinson “ a woman of ready wit”Anne Hutchinson “ a woman of ready wit” Found refuge in Rhode Island after she was banished Found refuge in Rhode Island after she was banished

from Massachusetts Bay colonyfrom Massachusetts Bay colony Refused to follow the New England WayRefused to follow the New England Way

Arrested in 1637, charged with weakening the authority of Arrested in 1637, charged with weakening the authority of the churchthe church

Held religious meetings in her homeHeld religious meetings in her home Claimed she received her religious insights directly from Claimed she received her religious insights directly from

godgod Clergy feared rebellion and thus banished her in 1638Clergy feared rebellion and thus banished her in 1638

New HampshireNew Hampshire Founded in 1638 by John WheelrightFounded in 1638 by John Wheelright Puritans in search of more landPuritans in search of more land Major City – ConcordMajor City – Concord Major Industries:Major Industries:

fishingfishing shipbuildingshipbuilding

Fear and ParanoiaFear and Paranoia Conflicts also existed within the MA bay colony.Conflicts also existed within the MA bay colony. The Salem Witch trials caused mass hysteria and The Salem Witch trials caused mass hysteria and

deaths. {Unsolved History: The Salem Witch Trials}deaths. {Unsolved History: The Salem Witch Trials} Possible Causes:Possible Causes:

New England’s environment of fear/accusationsNew England’s environment of fear/accusations Puritan beliefs and New England FolklorePuritan beliefs and New England Folklore Economic and Political tension divided the communityEconomic and Political tension divided the community Men’s fear of women gaining economic/social Men’s fear of women gaining economic/social

independence, which would threaten the power structure independence, which would threaten the power structure and social orderand social order