The Growing U.S. in the late 1800’s/early 1900’s Industrial Revolution & the Gilded Age.

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The Growing U.S. in the late 1800’s/early 1900’s Industrial Revolution & the Gilded Age

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Transcript of The Growing U.S. in the late 1800’s/early 1900’s Industrial Revolution & the Gilded Age.

Page 1: The Growing U.S. in the late 1800’s/early 1900’s Industrial Revolution & the Gilded Age.

The Growing U.S. in the late 1800’s/early 1900’s

Industrial Revolution & the Gilded Age

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Industrial Advantages of the U.S.

1. Growing labor supply (immigrants & children)

2. An abundance of natural resources (iron, oil, electricity)

3. Free enterprise – business that is free from govt. involvement

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Corporatebusiness

organization

Laissez-Faire

attitude ofgovernment

Capitalfor

investment

Largelabor

supply

Nationalmarket

Abundant resources

Technologyand

Inventions

SecondIndustrialRevolution

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2nd Industrial Revolution

Laissez-faire capitalism – little govt. regulation of the economy

Entrepreneurs – people who organize their own business

Labor was mostly immigrants (paid cheap) or poor children

Because of this, the U.S. became the industrial leader in the world during the 1890’s

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tY1gk6J6zc

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Government Regulations?

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Monopolies

Total control of a business or product (just like the game) consolidating corporations to control the market for a product attempting to destroy the competition controlling the majority of the production & distribution of a

product robber barons – polarization of wealth; businessman

who dominated their respective industries Andrew Carnegie – STEEL John D. Rockefeller – OIL Sherman Antitrust Act – outlawed

monopolies. But it was difficult to enforce

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Andrew Carnegie John D. Rockefeller

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How rich were the “robber barons” compared to Microsoft founder Bill Gates?

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Some of the more commonly known industrial leaders and bankers who were called Robber Barons include:

Andrew Carnegie

John D. Rockefeller

Cornelius and William Vanderbilt

Jay Gould

J. Pierpont Morgan

Jim Fisk

Daniel Drew

Robber Barons

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Total number of billionaires

1865

1900

2004

322

279

Chart shows the comparison in the number of billionaires from 1865 through 2004

Robber Baron is an insult term used to describe a class of enormously rich businessmen that emerged in the post civil war era. Today they would be known as

billionaires. They were both admired and hated at the time. They used ruthless, unscrupulous, and often illegal methods to create monopolies and develop

overwhelming economic power and control over their industries. In the late 1800’s a handful of these businessmen controlled over 90 percent of total U.S. wealth.

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Economic Ideologies

*Capitalism – private business own & operate most industries; competition determines cost of goods as well as workers’ pay

Government favored business in most disputes with its labor force

Social Darwinism – societies evolve over time by adapting to their environment; govt. regulation threatened the natural economic order (survival of the fittest)

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Growth of Cities

Increase in immigrantsPort of entry = Ellis Island, NY & Angel

Island, CAMost were Roman CatholicLed to racial & ethnic problems (ex. Wops,

Pollocks) Movement from rural to urban life (more

people living in the city)Jobs available in the citiesLed to overcrowding & lack of city services

– sanitation problems

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Immigrants at Ellis Island

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Settlement Houses

Neighborhood centers in poor areas staffed by professionals and volunteers who offered education, recreation, and social activities

Jane Addams – founded the most famous settlement house, called Hull House in Chicago.

Hull House focused on the needs of families and immigrants. Teaching citizenship and English.

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Hull House

Jane Addams - activist

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Discrimination & Civil Rights

Chinese Exclusion Act U.S. fed. law restricting Chinese for 10 years & any

Chinese American could not obtain U.S. citizenship; reaction to open immigration

Plessy vs. Ferguson Plessy (1/18th black) was thrown off railway car &

arrested for violating Separate Car Act of Louisiana U.S. Supreme Court case upholding racial

segregation; “separate but equal” practiced until 1954

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Fighting for Civil Rights Booker T. Washington

1st Civil Rights leader (original MLK); author believed in cooperation w/ whites instead of confrontation his work greatly helped lay the foundation for the 1960’s Civil

Rights Movement W.E.B. DuBois

publisher & author of equality writings; encouraged Harlem Renaissance; director of NAACP

“blacks should challenge and question whites, seek higher education, & assimilate into American culture”; they should know when to act “white” and/or “black”

Marcus Garvey founder of Universal Negro Improvement Association (uniting

all of Africa) Africans redeem Africa from European foreigners & return

home

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The New Workplace

Machines replaced skilled workers mass production – large amounts of products

being made Immigrants taking jobs Labor Unions grew

They increase workers’ power (power in numbers) Used as a bargaining tool against employer to get

what workers want (collective bargaining) Taft-Hartley Act – fed. law passed that monitors

activities & powers of labor unions

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Labor Unions

•American Federation ofLabor –they Individualized

Unions (ex. Mineworkers,

Steelworkers); opento only skilled workers

Knights of Labor - Open to

everyone – men, women, skilled & unskilled workers;

one big union

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Labor Union Rallies & Strikes

The Bisbee Deportation – in AZ; the Industrial Workers of the World demanded change in the copper mines, the Bisbee mining corp. refused; violence erupted – 2 men were killed, others beaten - the IWW members were deported to NM; the Bisbee company was never found guilty for their injustice

The Haymarket Riot – 1000s of union members in Chicago went on strike; 2 strikers were killed by police; workers protested; turned violent – 8 officers killed; officers killed several people; another example of unfair labor laws

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Labor Dispute & Strikes

Homestead Strike Pennsylvania (1892); between Amalgamated Assoc. of

Iron & Steel Workers (AA) – the whole town & Carnegie Steel Co.

AA wanted to prevent management from forcing workers to agree not to become a member of a union… got violent

Union VICTORY!!! Pullman Strike

nationwide conflict between unions & RRs (1894); violence erupted in Illinois with Pullman Palace Car Company & American Railway Union

President Cleveland ordered fed. troops to Chicago to end strike (he was not reelected); RRs won!

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Populist Party (The People’s Party)

Supported free coinage of silver, labor reform, immigration restrictions, & govt. ownership of RR & the telegraph/telephone system

Most populists were farmers and industrial workers (the common people) that were losing jobs and $$$ to immigrants & big business

William Jennings Bryan – a democrat & populist presidential candidate in 1896. He lost. This election marked the end of the populist movement.

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Progressive Reforms

all laws were designed to give the people greater control over their state legislatures & state officials

Amendments: 16th – income tax 17th – direct election of senators 18th – prohibition 19th – women’s right to vote

Election reforms: Recall – if enough voters sign a petition, the people can

remove the official Initiative – voters’ ability to propose new laws by petition Referendum – voters approve or disapprove laws already

being practiced

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Corruption

Machine Bosses bought voter support with jobs & favors reached out to immigrants by finding jobs attaining

citizenship, housing, etc. in return, expected their vote

used illegal tactics to maintain control (bought votes)

demanded bribes & pay offs for jobs Tammany Hall, a.k.a Tweed Ring

most notorious political machine stole millions of tax dollars

Spoils System

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muckrakers Progressivism – reformers who wanted to address city

life & corruption in order to achieve order & stability Journalists who practiced progressivism named,

“muckrakers” – bc they raked up the muck of society & exposed corrution & illegal business practices

Ida Tarbell – wrote about unfair business practices of the Standard Oil Co.; book: History of Standard Oil Company

Jacob Riis – wrote about slum life & business corruption; book: How the Other Half Lives

Upton Sinclair – wrote about unsanitary working conditions; book: The Jungle

Frank Norris – discussed how railroads were a monopoly

Lincoln Steffens – exposed corruption in city govt.

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Theodore Roosevelt – Progressive President

“Trustbuster” – broke up trusts (a group of companies under a single board of director that make a lot of $$$, there’s no competition)

Land conservation – doubled the number of national and state parks

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Taft (cont.)

Passed Sherman Anti-Trust Act:Supported 16th (income tax) & 17th (direct

elector of Senators) amendments; created Federal Children’s Bureau

Republics split (Progressive vs. Conservative ideas re: conservation & environment)

Election of 1912: Roosevelt (P) vs. Wilson (D)Wilson wins!


Modern U.S. History – Hamer February 23, 2011. The 1920’s were similar to the Gilded Age of the late 1800’s – beautiful and seemingly prosperous on the.

Modern U.S. History – Hamer February 23, 2011. The 1920’s were similar to the Gilded Age of the late 1800’s – beautiful and seemingly prosperous on the.

Gilded Age Gilded Age Major Themes 1860’s-1900. Major Themes Why was it called the Gilded Age? What does this term imply? How does Mark Twain relate to.

Gilded Age Gilded Age Major Themes 1860’s-1900. Major Themes Why was it called the Gilded Age? What does this term imply? How does Mark Twain relate to.

Latin American Revolutions 1800’s

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Art of the 1800’s

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1800’s- The Transportation Revolution

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POLITICS IN THE GILDED AGE POLITICAL MACHINES During late 1800’s, many cities run by a Political machine. This was an organized group, headed by.

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American Music - 1800's

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Gilded Ages and Gilded Archaeologies of American ...matthewsc/Gilded_Ages_Published... · Gilded Ages and Gilded Archaeologies of American Exceptionalism Christopher N. Matthews ...

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1800's political changes

1800's political changes

1800’s Southwest Indians

1800’s Southwest Indians

Aim: Why were the late 1800’s referred to as the “Gilded Age”?

Aim: Why were the late 1800’s referred to as the “Gilded Age”?

Gilded Age Politics - APUSH Revie€¦ · GILDED AGE POLITICS • Civil War hero Ulysses S. Grant wins the Presidency for the Republican party in 1868

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S 1800 -1-ES1 S 1800 -1-ES1C S 1800 -1-RS1 - Sauer … · S 1800 -1-ES1 S 1800 -1-ES1C S 1800 -1-RS1 4 cylinder 4 stroke air cooled engine with opposed cylinders, hydraulic valve

S 1800 -1-ES1 S 1800 -1-ES1C S 1800 -1-RS1 - Sauer … · S 1800 -1-ES1 S 1800 -1-ES1C S 1800 -1-RS1 4 cylinder 4 stroke air cooled engine with opposed cylinders, hydraulic valve

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Ch.8 and 9. The Gilded Age glittering layer of prosperity that covered the poverty and corruption that existed in much of society. In the late 1800’s.

Ch.8 and 9. The Gilded Age glittering layer of prosperity that covered the poverty and corruption that existed in much of society. In the late 1800’s.

People of the 1800’s

People of the 1800’s

The Gilded Age:. Old and New Immigrants OLD IMMIGRANTS (1800-1880) mostly Protestants from northern & western Europe (Germany, Ireland, Great Britain,

The Gilded Age:. Old and New Immigrants OLD IMMIGRANTS (1800-1880) mostly Protestants from northern & western Europe (Germany, Ireland, Great Britain,