The Great Yellow RiverThe Great Yellow RiverRiver... · The Great Yellow RiverThe Great Yellow...
Transcript of The Great Yellow RiverThe Great Yellow RiverRiver... · The Great Yellow RiverThe Great Yellow...
The Great Yellow RiverThe Great Yellow River 12 Year Environmental Flow Management Program
and Impact Assessment
Jiang Xiaohui
p1998-2009
gYellow River Conservancy Commission, China
OutlineOutline
1 Introduction1. Introduction2. Challenges 3. Adaptive measures : 4 Achievements4. Achievements5. Summary
1. Introduction
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China, about 5,400The Yellow River is the second longest river in China, about 5,400 kilometres in length. The Yellow River originates in the mountains of the west. The Yellow River catchment is about 790,000 km2.
400300
200The mean annual i f ll i brainfall is about
451mm, decrease from 800 mm to 150
200
from 800 mm to 150 mm from east to west. 500
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400800800
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2. challengesg
• 2.1 water scarcity
• 2.2 soil erosion2.2 soil erosion
• 2.3 deteriorated water quality
• 2.4 river ecosystem degrade
2. challenges:2.1 Water scarcity
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黄河流域
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黄河流域及相关地区
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黄河流域及相关地区
Irrigation area
2 2 Soil erosion2.2 Soil erosion
The Loess Plateau in the upper and middle of Yellow River covers an area of about 640,000 km²
2 2 Soil erosion – cont2.2 Soil erosion – cont.
Sediment in the Yellow River is average 1.6 billion t/year load, and 35 kg/m3 concentrationand 35 kg/m3 concentration
2.2 Soil erosion – cont.An average of 400 million m3 of sediment is deposited in the lower reach of the Yellow river per year. In the lower reach the river bed is higher than the surrounding ground by 10 metreshigher than the surrounding ground by 10 metres
LeveeRiver channel
Levee
13m
2.3 Deteriorated water qualityq y
A large volume of sewage effluent was discharged into g g griver without treatment. In 1998, only 26 percent of total reach, water quality was in good condition
2.4 river ecosystem degrade W tl d d-Wetland area decreaseCompared with 1986, in 1998:• the total area of source region wetlands decreased by 20%• the total area of source region wetlands decreased by 20%• swamp wetlands decreased the most, by 37%• the area of lake decreased by 14%the area of lake decreased by 14%
3000035000
1986年
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rea
(m2 ) 1998年
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地 地 地 地 地
Ar
滨海
湿地
河流
湿地
湖泊
湿地
沼泽
湿地人
工库塘
湿地
总面
积
Coastal River Lake Swamp Pond Total人Coastal River Lake Swamp Pond Total
2.4 river health ecosystem degrade fi h i d- fish species decrease
• the total number of fish and the species declined psharply,
• the number of state‐level protection species, p p ,endangered species and indigenous fish reduced
Category In the 1950s & 60s In the 1980s In 1998Fish types 152 125 47National
protected fish4 1 0
Endangered fish 8 6 3I di fi h 24 15Indigenous fish - 24 15
3. Adaptive management p gmeasures
• 3.1 Unified water allocation and Environmental FlowEnvironmental Flow
• 3.2 Artificial Floods
• 3.3 Ecological restoration
3.1 Water Allocation and Environmental Flow
YRCC was authorized by the State Council to implementYRCC was authorized by the State Council to implement unified water regulation in the Yellow River in 1999
• Environmental flow for no drying up
The warning flow at some gauging station in the lowerYellow River Unit:m3/s
Gauging station
Huayuan‐kou
Gaocun Sunkou Luokou Lijin
Warning flow 150 120 100 80 30
• Water regulation according to water right allocation ate egu at o acco d g to ate g t a ocat o
7080
)
506070
t(10
8 m3 )
304050
er r
ight
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Wate
0
Qinh
aiSi
chua
n
Gans
u
Ninx
i aNe
i men
ggu
Shan
nxi
Shan
xi
Hena
nSh
ando
ng
Hebe
iTi
anj i
n
Water right was distribute to province along the Yellow River in 1987, which account for 63% of total water, and the rest of them left for
the river
Established the Yellow River water regulation center, developed water regulation model and implemented thedeveloped water regulation model, and implemented the remote real-time monitoring and controlling of 78 gates in the Yellow River.
3 2 Artificial Floods 2002‐20103.2 Artificial Floods 2002‐2010
Objectives:Objectives:
• Flush river sediments• Recover flood plain and wetlands• Improve river morphology and reduce flood risk
Xiaolangdi Dam
Sanmenxia Dam
Guxian Dam
Luhun Dam
3.3 Ecological restorationg
•Ecosystem protection in the y pheadstream•Water and Soil Conservation in th iddl L Pl tthe middle Loess Plateau•Wetlands restoration in Delta areasareas
4 Achievements4. Achievements
• 4.1 No dry up in the lower Yellow River• 4.2 Water quality improvedq y p• 4.3 River channel capacity became bigger• 4 4 Delta wetland restoration• 4.4 Delta wetland restoration • 4.5 Social Impact and Sustainability
4. Achievements4.1 No dry up in the lower Yellow River
• In 1997, zero flow at Lijin Station was 226 days
• In 1999, integrated water regulation for the mainstream
began.The Yellow River has not dried up for the 11 years
4.2 Water quality improved4.2 Water quality improved
Water quality trends of mainstream of the Yellow RiverWater quality trends of mainstream of the Yellow River from 2002 to2006 were better
Percent of time in Grade III
4.3 River channel capacity became bigger4.3 River channel capacity became bigger
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Changes of river channel capacity in recent years near LijinChanges of river channel capacity in recent years near Lijin
4.4 Delta wetland restoration
New habitats for birds have increased, resulting in an increase in species from 189 in 2002 to 281 in 2009increase in species from 189 in 2002 to 281 in 2009
Wet land in the estuary
4.5 Social Impact and Sustainability4.5 Social Impact and Sustainability
Social Impact
Public and Government environmental
Social Impact
consciousness improvedLeave water for river is common recognizegKeeping Healthy Life of the Yellow Rivers is the objective of river management for YRCCobjective of river management for YRCC
Sustainability Assessment
Through 12 years of environmental flow management:
• YRCC and relevant bureaus have built powerful, efficient water resources management mechanism,efficient water resources management mechanism, forms a practical water resources management and regulation mode;regulation mode;
• Establishes water right orders and trains a lot of professional staff which is a fundamental guarantee forprofessional staff, which is a fundamental guarantee for its sustainable development.
Summaryy
With the guide of MWR YRCC have done many jobsWith the guide of MWR, YRCC have done many jobs for environmental flow to improve the river health, significant achievement has been progressedsignificant achievement has been progressed.
In 2010, YRCC was awarded Li GuangYao water Prizein Singapore based on its outstanding river management.