The Great Fire of London – 8.ročník

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The Great Fire of LondonThe Great Fire of London was a major conflagration that swept through the central parts of the English city of London, from Sunday, 2 September to Wednesday, 5 September 1666. The great fire started at the bakery of Thomas Farriner (or Farynor) on Pudding Lane, shortly after midnight on Sunday, 2 September, and it spread rapidly west across the City of London.

Detail of painting from 1666 of the Great Fire of London by an unknown painter.

Thomas Farrinor, baker to King Charles II of England, neglected, in effect, to turn off his oven. He thought the fire was out, he later claimed, but apparently the smouldering embers ignited some nearby firewood and by one o´clock in the morning, three hours after Farrinor went to bed, his house in Pudding Lane was in flames.

Thomas Farrinor, along with his wife and daughter, and one servant, luckily escaped from the burning building through an upstairs window, but the baker´s maid paid dearly for his carelessness, becoming the Great Fire´s first victim.

SUNDAY Farriner's neighbours tried to help

douse the fire; after an hour the parish constables arrived and judged that the adjoining houses had better be demolished to prevent further spread. The Lord Mayor Sir Thomas Bloodworth had the authority to override the demolition. The more experienced firefighters recommended demolition, but Bloodworth refused.

MONDAY By dawn on Monday, 3 September, the

fire was principally expanding north and west, the turbulence of the firestorm pushing the flames both more to the south and more to the north than the day before. A contemporary account said that, that day or later, King Charles II in person worked manually to help to throw water on flames and to help to demolish buildings to make a firebreak.

The inhabitants, especially the upper class, were growing desperate to remove their belongings from the City. This provided a source of income for the able-bodied poor, who hired out as porters and especially for the owners of carts and boats. Hiring a cart had cost a couple of shillings on the Saturday before the fire; on the Monday it rose to as much as forty pounds, a small fortune (equivalent to over £4000 in 2005).

TUESDAY

Tuesday, 4 September, was the day of greatest destruction. Firefighters had also created a large firebreak to the north of the conflagration. It contained the fire until late afternoon, when the flames leaped across and began to destroy the wide, affluent luxury shopping street of Cheapside.

WEDNESDAY

The wind dropped on Tuesday evening, allowing the firebreaks created by the garrison to finally begin to take effect on Wednesday, 5 September.

It consumed 13,200 houses, 87 parish churches, St. Paul´s Cathedral, and most of the buildings of the City authorities.

Less than 10 people died (we think 6 died), but over a hundred thousand people were made homeless.

THE MONUMENT

On Charles' initiative, a Monument to the Great Fire of London, designed by Christopher Wren and Robert Hooke, was built near Pudding Lane after the fire. Standing 61 metres tall and known simply as "The Monument„, it is a familiar London landmark which has given its name to a tube station.

THE MONUMENT

How do we know about the fire of London?

Samuel Pepys kept the detailed private diary during 1660–1669. It was first published in the nineteenth century, and it´s one of the most important primary sources. It provides a combination of personal revelation and eyewitness accounts of great events, such as the Great Plague of London and the Great Fire of London.

Portrait of Samuel Pepys

Parish records give us some information on this event.

The Great Fire of London (8.ročník)

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