The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewer Guide · illustrating the hazards the whales face on their...

The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewer Guide

“Ourgoalsaretohelpmorepeoplebecomeawareofthreatstograywhales,toencouragedecision

makerstoprotectthesewhalesandtopromotemorescientificresearchonmarinemammals.…

Inthisway,wecanultimatelypassontothenextgenerationsomethingthatisasgoodas-

ifnotbetterthan-whatwefound.”—Jean-MichelCousteau

SYNOPSISInThe Gray Whale Obstacle Course,Jean-MichelCousteauandtheOceanAdventuresteamtravelthelengthofthegraywhales'migrationroute.TheybegininthewarmwatersofMagdalenaBayinBajaCalifornia,Mexico,wherethegraywhalesgivebirth,nursetheircalves,restandplaybeforetheirlongjourneynorth.Thetripendsinthenutrient-richfeedinggroundsoftheBeringSeainAlaska.Theteamsearchesforcluesaboutthisresilientspeciestogainabetterunderstandingoftheincreasingchallenges,bothnaturalandman-made,thatgraywhalesfacealongtheway.

PRE-VIEWING ACTIVITIES• Brainstormallthewaysyoucanthinkofthatscientistscancollect

dataandtrackwhere,whenandhowgraywhalesmigrate.• Makealistofalltheharmfulandnonharmfulwaysthathumans

usetheoceanstoday.• ExploretheinteractivemigrationmaponThe Gray Whale

Obstacle Courseepisodepage.Discusstheconceptofoceanbasinsandlearninwhichoceanbasinthegraywhalemigrationtakesplace.

• ReadthedetailedepisodedescriptiononThe Gray Whale Obstacle Courseepisodepage.Payparticularattentiontothevocabularywords,andrecordanddefinethemontheOceanVocabularySheet.

FOCUS FOR VIEWING• UseThe Gray Whale Obstacle Course ViewingQuestionsthat

gowiththesegmentsyouwatch.

THEMEEducationandinvestigationofwhaleadaptationstonaturalandman-mademigrationobstacles

VIEWING TIMEOnehourtotal;viewinginshortersegmentsisrecommended

OBJECTIVESStudentswillbeableto• understandthehuman

activitiesthatimpactgraywhalemigrationandfoodsupply.

• identifyadaptationsthathelpthegraywhaletosurvive.

• learnabouttechniquesthathumanshavedevelopedinordertocollectdataandtrackwhalemigration.

• understandhowglobalwarmingeffectsgraywhales.

MATERIALS• OceanVocabularySheet

(studenthandout#1)• The Gray Whale Obstacle

Course ViewingQuestions(studenthandout#2)

• The Gray Whale Obstacle Course ViewingQuestionsWithAnswers(teachersheet)

• CopyofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseepisodeoftheJean‑Michel Cousteau: Ocean Adventures series

The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewer Guide �

WEB LINKSFoundatpbs.org/oceanadventures/episodes/whales• The Gray Whale Obstacle

Course episodedescription• TracetheMigrationInteractive• NavigatingtheLongWay

Homearticle• Tag,You’reIt!Trackingthe

GrayWhaleJourney• WhaleWatchergameFoundatpbs.org/oceanadventures/educators/whales• WhaleWatchergame

lessonplan• GrayWhaleAdaptations

lessonplan• GrayWhalesonthe

Movelessonplan• SanIgnacioLagoon

lessonplan

STANDARDSNational Science Education Standards Grades 5–8http://www.nap.edu/catalog/4962.html

Life Science – Content Standard C:PopulationsandecosystemsInterdependenceoforganismsBehavioroforganisms

Science and Technology – Content Standard E:Understandingaboutscienceandtechnology

Science in Personal and Social Perspectives – Content Standard F:NaturalresourcesEnvironmentalqualityPopulations,resourcesandenvironmentsNaturalandhuman-inducedhazardsScienceandtechnologyinsociety

FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITIES • Makeacollageshowingeither(1)allthedifferentwaysthat

whaleshaveadaptedtotheirenvironmentor(2)thetoolsthatresearchersusetostudyandcollectdataongraywhales.UsepicturesfromtheOcean AdventuresWebsitetohelp.

• ResearchontheInternetoratthelibrarytofindoutwhereallofthesaltminesoftheworldarelocated,thenmapthem.

• ReadtheTag,You’reIt!articleonThe Gray Whale Obstacle Course episodepage.Findoutmoreabouthowsatellitesareusedtostudywhalemigration.

• Howdograywhalesfindtheirwayonthemigrationroute?UsetheNavigatingtheLongWayHomereadingonThe Gray Whale Obstacle Course episodepagetodiscovertheirsecrets.

• PlaytheWhaleWatchergamewithyourstudents.Usetheaccompanyinglessonplanforhelp.

SEGMENT SUGGESTIONSNOTE:TheindicatedtimingsareapproximateandarebasedonthePBSbroadcast;homevideoversionsmaydifferslightly.

Theme: Adaptations

Location in The Gray Whale Obstacle Course: Feeding(3:36-6:30);MagdalenaBay (6:33-8:50);killerwhales (19:50-27:30);DepotBay (29:20-36:44);acousticpollution (41:36-44:59)

Pre-Viewing Questions • Whatdoyouthinkwhaleseatfornutritionalvalue?• Howdograywhalesfeedandhowmuchfooddoyouthinkthey

need?• Whatkindofenvironmentalpollutiondoyouthinkaffectswhales

duringtheirmigration?• Whydoyouthinkorcasarealsocalledkillerwhales?

Focus for Viewing • Forfeeding,usequestions6through12fromthe"Feeding"

sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.• ForMagdalenaBay,usequestions6through8fromthe

"MagdalenaBay"sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.

• Forkillerwhales,usequestions3through10fromthe"Killerwhales"sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.

• ForDepotBay,usequestions3and8fromthe"DepotBay"sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.

• Foracousticpollution,usequestions1through4fromthe"Acousticpollution"sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.


Post-Viewing Discussion Questions • Listthekindsofpollutionthatthegraywhalesfaceduringtheir

migration.• Whydokillerwhalesworktogetherwhiletheyfeedonthegray

whales?• Describetheadaptationsofgraywhalesrelatedtofeedingand

migration.

Follow-up Activity • UsetheGrayWhaleAdaptationslessonplantohelpyour

studentsexplorethedifferentadaptationsthathelpgraywhalessurvive.Labgroupscaninvestigatehowsoundtravelsunderwater,replicatehowblubberkeepsmarineanimalswarmandsimulatecommonfeedingmethodsofwhales.

• ConductlibraryorInternetresearchandwriteareportonaspecificwhalespecies.Writeaboutitsphysicalattributes,behaviors,migrationpatterns,andfeedingandmatinghabits.

Theme: Migration

Location in The Gray Whale Obstacle Course: Introduction(2:23-5:27); MagdalenaBay (6:33-8:50);satellitetagging (12:00-15:50);whalewatching (15:51-19:48);photoI.D. (36:45-41:35)

Pre-Viewing Questions• Describeallthedifferentwaysthatyouthinkresearcherscan

trackandcollectdataonhowmanywhalesareactuallyintheocean.

• Whatkindsoftechnologydoyouthinkareusedtostudywhalemigration?

• Whydoyouthinkwhales(orotheranimals)needtomigrate?Whydopeoplemove?

Focus for Viewing:• Fortheintroduction,usequestions1through4fromthe

"Introduction"sectionofTheGray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.

• ForMagdalenaBay,usequestions1through3fromthe"MagdalenaBay"sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.

• Forsatellitetagging,usequestions1through9fromthe"Satellitetagging"sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.

• Forwhalewatching,usequestions4through7fromthe"Whalewatching"sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.

• ForphotoI.D.,usequestions1through4fromthe"PhotoI.D."sectionofThe Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.

Science As Inquiry – Content Standard A:AbilitiesnecessarytodoscientificinquiryUnderstandingaboutscientificinquiry

Ocean Literacy: Essential Principles and Fundamental Conceptshttp://coexploration.org/oceanliteracy/

Essential Principle #1:Earth has one big ocean with many features.a. Theoceanisthedominant

physicalfeatureonourplanetEarth,coveringapproximately70percentoftheplanet'ssurface.Thereisoneoceanwithmanyoceanbasins,suchastheNorthPacific,SouthPacific,NorthAtlantic,SouthAtlantic,IndianandArctic.

h. Althoughtheoceanislarge,itisfiniteanditsresourcesarelimited.

Essential Principle # 5: The ocean supports a great diversity of life and ecosystems.i. Estuariesprovideimportant

andproductivenurseryareasformanymarineandaquaticspecies.

Essential Principle #6: The ocean and humans are inextricably interconnected.b. Fromtheoceanwegetfoods,

medicines,andmineralandenergyresources.Inaddition,itprovidesjobs,supportsournation'seconomy,servesasahighwayfortransportationofgoodsandpeople,andplaysaroleinnationalsecurity.


c. Theoceanisasourceofinspiration,recreation,rejuvenationanddiscovery.Itisalsoanimportantelementintheheritageofmanycultures.

e. Humansaffecttheoceaninavarietyofways.Laws,regulationsandresourcemanagementaffectwhatistakenoutofandputintotheocean.Humandevelopmentandactivityleadstopollution(pointsource,nonpointsourceandnoisepollution)andphysicalmodifications(changestobeaches,shoresandrivers).Inaddition,humanshaveremovedmostofthelargevertebratesfromtheocean.

g. Everyoneisresponsibleforcaringfortheocean.TheoceansustainslifeonEarth,andhumansmustliveinwaysthatsustaintheocean.Individualandcollectiveactionsareneededinordertoeffectivelymanageoceanresourcesforall.

Essential Principle #7: The ocean is largely unexplored.c. Overthelast40years,useof

oceanresourceshasincreasedsignificantly;thereforethefutureofsustainabilityofoceanresourcesdependsonourunderstandingofthoseresourcesandtheirpotentialandlimitations.

d. Newtechnologies,sensorsandtoolsareexpandingourabilitytoexploretheocean.Oceanscientistsarerelyingmoreandmoreonsatellites,drifters,buoys,subseaobservationsandunmannedsubmersibles.

Post-Viewing Discussion Questions • Whatroledoscientistsplayinhelpingtoprotectthegraywhale

population?• Listspecificdata-collectiontechniquesthatresearchersareusing

todaytoinvestigategraywhales.• Whataresomepossibleexplanationsforthedisappearanceof

one-thirdofthegraywhalepopulation?

Follow-up Activity • UsetheGrayWhalesontheMovelessonplantodeepenyour

students'knowledgeandunderstandingofwhere,whenandwhywhalesmigrateandalsotoexpandonyourstudents'map-readingskills.

• UsetheTracetheMigrationinteractiveonThe Gray Whale Obstacle Course episodeWebpagetofindoutmoreaboutwhathappensalongthemigrationroute.Createyourownmapillustratingthehazardsthewhalesfaceontheirjourney.

• Drawillustrationsoffourdifferentspeciesofwhalesandcomparethemanydifferentattributesthatareuniquetoeachwhale.

Theme: Calving grounds

Location in The Gray Whale Obstacle Course: SanIgnacioLagoon (9:00-11:59); MagdalenaBay (6:33-8:50)Pre-Viewing Questions• Whatareallthethingsababygraywhaleneedsfromitsmother?• Describehowyouthinksaltisminedfromtheoceans.

Focus for Viewing • FortheSanIgnacioLagoon,usequestions2through6from

the"SanIgnacio"sectionofTheGray Whale Obstacle Course ViewingQuestions.

• ForMagdalenaBay,usequestions1through5fromthe"MagdalenaBay"sectionofTheGray Whale Obstacle CourseViewingQuestions.

Post-Viewing Discussion Questions • Whatdoyouthinkasaltminedoestoitssurrounding

environment?• Listspecificwaysthatwhalestakecareoftheiryoung.• WhatisitaboutMagdalenaBaythatmakesitsuchagreat

nurseryforgraywhales?

The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewer Guide 5

Follow-up Activity• Learnhowsaltminingcanaffectthemigrationpatterns

ofwhalesbyusingtheSanIgnacioLagoon:EcologyorEconomylessonplan.

• Createaposterthatillustratesthebestenvironmentforawhalenursery.Makeacolor-codedlegendonthesidethatlabelsanursery'smostimportantattributes.

• Makealistofallthedifferentwaysyoucouldeducateyourschoolmatesandyourcommunityaboutwhatishappeningtothegraywhalepopulation.Dooneofthethingsonyourlist.

AdditionaleducatorresourcesforJean‑Michel Cousteau Ocean Adventures canbefoundatpbs.org/oceanadventures.

AUTHORElsieOvrahimisanOaklandmiddleschoolscienceteacherandanindependentcontractorfortheKQEDEducationNetwork.KQEDEducationNetworkusesthepowerofKQEDPublicMediatoinspirelearningbyprovidingcurriculummaterials,professionaldevelopment,onlineresourcesandspecialeventsforeducators,child-careproviders,families,youthandthecommunityatlarge.

CREDITS

Jean‑Michel Cousteau Ocean AdventuresisproducedbyKQEDPublicBroadcastingandtheOceanFuturesSociety.

TheexclusivecorporatesponsorisTheDowChemicalCompany.

Additionalmajorsupportcomesfrom:theWilliamK.BowesJr.Foundation,AnnBowersandTheRobertNoyceTrust,theWilliamandGretchenKimballFund,theHaroldK.L.CastleFoundation,andtheNationalMarineSanctuaryFoundation.

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TheGrayWhaleObstacleCourseViewerGuideTeacherHandout

The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewing Questions With Answers

Introduction (2:23-3:35)1. InwhichseasondothegraywhalesbeginarrivingintheArctic?

summer2. Whathasrecentlyhappenedtothegraywhalepopulation?

one-third of the population has mysteriously disappeared3. Howlongisthegraywhales'migration?

12, 000 miles round trip4. Wheredothegraywhalesmigratefromandto?

from the Arctic to Baja California, Mexico5. Whereintheoceandograywhalesfeed?(on the ocean floor)

Feeding (3:36-6:30)1. HowlongdoesthesunshineintheArcticsummer?

24 hours a day2. Howwilltheteamgetafirsthandlookatthegraywhales'food?

collect samples of mud from the ocean floor3. Howdograywhalesaltertheenvironmentwhentheyfeed?

they create underwater trenches4. Whatisthevisibilityunderwater?zero5. Howdidthediversknowthattheywereintherightspot?

they were in one of the trenches the whales had created6. Whatspeciesarethegraywhalesfeedingon?amphipods7. Howmanyamphipodsdidthemarinebiologistfind

inthemudsample?108. Dograywhaleshaveteeth?no9. Describethemouthofthegraywhale.bottom jaw is just gums;

all along the top jaw are plates of baleen10.Whatisbaleenmadeof?keratin, just like our fingernails11.Howdograywhalesusetheirmouthwhentheyfeed?

they open their huge mouth, bring in a mouthful of water and close their mouth, then use their tongue to squeeze the water out through the baleen, leaving the arthropods behind, stuck to their baleen

12.Whatisthelastpartoffeeding?they use their tongue to lick off the arthropods from their baleen

Magdalena Bay (6:33-8:50)1. Whatcouldthesuddendisappearanceofone-thirdofthegray

whalepopulationbelinkedto?depleted/poisoned food source and obstacles along migration

2. Wheredograywhalesgotomate,givebirthandplay? lagoons of Baja California, Mexico

3. Wheredotheresearchersbegintrackingthewhales?Magdalena Bay

4. Whatdothediversfindwhentheyinvestigatewhatwhales'feedingbehaviorlookslike? a sea floor that has no food for the whales

5. Whatdoesthisconfirmforthedivers? that the whales are not here to feed

NOTE:TheindicatedtimingsareapproximateandarebasedonthePBSbroadcast;homevideoversionsmaydifferslightly.

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6. WhatdoesdiverMattfindonandpickupfromtheseafloor? a patch of whale skin

7. Whatisthegraywhaleusuallyinfestedwith? a lot of parasites attached to its skin

8. Whydograywhalesneedarubbingbeach?so they can scratch their skin and possibly remove some of the parasites

San Ignacio Lagoon (9:00-11:59)1. WhatdoesthebraceletmeanthatDonSanteehastohaveon?

that you are in a protected area2. WhatdotheOceanAdventuresteammembersseewhenthey

gotothelagoon?breaching, mating and many other behaviors3. Whathappenedin1972?

gray whales started approaching boats4. Whatpercentageoffatisthemilkthatthecalvesnurseon?

50 percent fat5. Whendocalvespartfromtheirmotherandfendforthemselves?

when they are 7 months old6. HowwasSanIgnaciorecentlythreatened?a major corporation

and the Mexican government wanted a massive salt mine project to improve the economy

7. "Goodenvironmentalpolicy100percentofthetimeis__________togoodeconomicpolicy."identical

Satellite tagging (12:00-15:50)1. HowdowhalestraveloncetheyleavetheArctic?

hidden below the surface except to breathe2. Whatissatellitetagging?shooting a tag into gray whales

to aid in tracking the whales from space using a satellite and a transmitter

3. Whatdothetagsallowtheresearcherstodo? track the latitude and longitude of the whale

4. WhatgoodupdatedidJean-MichelCousteaugetduringthetwodaysoftagging?that they tagged four whales

5. WhenlookingattheGPScoordinates,whatdirectiondotheresearchersseethegraywhalestraveling?north

6. Whyarethemothersandcalvesthelasttoleavethelagoon?waiting for the calves to gain strength

7. Whymightallthetagshavestoppedtransmitting?rubbed off by calves on the sandy bottom

8. Whatistheteam'sbackupplan?to follow the whales the hard way -- visually

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Whale watching (15:51-19:48)1. "Thegraywhalehasevolvedto___________."hide2. WhatdoestheteamfindsouthofLosAngeles?

expert whale watchers -- the American Cetacean Society3. WhatarethetwokeythingsthattheAmericanCetaceanSociety

(ACS)looksattodeterminehowmanygraywhalesthereare?timing of the migrations, how many calves are surviving

4. Whatdoresearchersthinkgraywhalesuseoilrigsfor? point of navigation

5. Howmanymilesadaycanagraywhalecoverbyswimmingconstantly?80 miles a day

6. Whathappenedtothecalfcountaftergraywhalesweretakenofftheendangeredspecieslistin1994?first year they were fine, second year numbers dropped and researchers don't know why

7. Bytrackingpictures,whatdidresearchersdetermineaboutthesizeofgraywhalegoingnorthandgoingsouth?whether the whales were well fed when they began their migration and how much weight they lost from the migration and from giving birth

Killer whales (19:50-27:30)1. WhatdoesNancyBlack'sresearchlinktothehighnumberof

killerwhales?seasonal presence of gray whale calves2. Whatisthemostintensenaturalobstaclethatthegraywhales

encounter?killer whales3. Whatisagreatfoodsourceforkillerwhales?gray whale calves4. Howmanykillerwhalescanonegraywhalecalffeed? 20 to 305. Whyisitimportantforkillerwhalestoteachtheircalveshowto

feedongraywhales?important to their culture and to their survival

6. WhichtwowaysdograywhalestravelwhentheycrossMontereyBaytocontinueheadingnorth?the long way around hugging the shoreline of the bay or the shortcut straight across the bay over Monterey Canyon

7. Howdotheresearchersthinkkillerwhalesfindthegraywhalesinthedeepwater? they patrol the canyon listening for the gray whales

8. "Thesewhaleshavelostthesafetyofthe__________astheyenterdeepwaters."shore

9. Howdoorcaskillagraywhalecalf?lunge on top of and separate it from its mother, then bash it from the underside to give it internal injury

10.Howdoorcaseatthecalf?working together underwater, one holds the carcass while the others strip off the blubber; they don't compete or fight

11.Whywasthe2004seasonunprecedented?because of the high number of attacks: 16 attacks, 12 kills, only four escapes

12. "Whenweseefewercalvesborn,thenweseefewerattacksandfewer________whalesinthearea."killer

13. Howmanyofthecalvesbornwillnotsurvivethetripnorth?one-third

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Depot Bay (29:20-36:44)1. Whatdoesthegraywhaleneedinorderforitspopulationto

completelyrecover?a dependable source of food2. WhatdothewhalesdowhentheygettoDepotBay?stop3. WhatarethegraywhalescalledthatstopatDepotBay?

resident whales4. WhatdoesCarrieNewellhavetodotoprovehertheoryabout

residentwhales?identify specific whales that stay to feed at Depot Bay and return every year

5. HowmanyresidentshasNewelldocumented?566. Thesamplerevealedthat__________________________is

sustainingtheresidentwhales.mysid shrimp in the kelp7. WhatdidNewellfindwhenshetookasampleofthegray

whales'fecalmaterial?mysid shrimp fragments8. WhatdoesNewellsaywouldhappenifabunchofpollutants

weredumpedinthewatersofDepotBay?mysid shrimp would die; whales, rock fish and salmon would suffer; and the economy of Depot Bay would suffer

9. Whatisthenameofthewhalethathasbeenshotbyaharpoon?scarback

Photo ID (36:45-41:35)1. Howmanygraywhaleidentificationshavethe

researchersmade?more than 6,0002. WhatpartofthewhaleisusedforidentificationinthisphotoI.D.

technique?natural markings on sides and tails of the whales3. Whathaveresearchersconfirmedbyidentifyingindividual

whales?that resident whales range from Northern California to British Columbia

4. Whatistheestimatedsurvivalratefortheresidentwhalesfromyeartoyear?95 percent

5. WhatnewobstaclehavegraywhalesencounteredbyfeedinginthewatersofthestateofWashington?Native Americans seeking to hunt

6. WhatdidtheMakahpeopleofWashingtondoin1999? killed their first gray whale in 70 years; they said they were invoking treaty rights of 1855

7. WhydidtheMakahpeoplesaytheyneededtokillthisgraywhale?cultural reasons, failing tradition and ancient pride

8. Howmanyothertribeshavesignedupforpermitstokilltheirowngraywhales?17

9. Howdidthemalejuvenilegraywhaleloseitslife? got tangled in different types of netting; whale probably spun around and got caught

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Acoustic pollution (41:36-44:59)1. Whatisthenewinvisibleformofenvironmentalpollution?

acoustic pollution2. Whatkindofhumanactivitiesareheardunderwater?

underwater explosives, commercial shipping, high-frequency sonar, oil development, intrusive scientific research

3. Whatdoeshigh-frequencysonardo? interferes with behavior, causes standing and death

4. Whatdotheresearchersnoticehappenstokillerwhaleswhenthemilitaryturnsonmid-frequencysonarintheocean? they react negatively and can become beached

Global warming and other concerns (45:00-end)1. "ThewatersoffPointBurrowoncesustainedanentire_______."

culture2. Whereelseintheworldiswhalinggoingon?

Russia; aboriginal whaling in Alaska; Greenland; the Caribbean3. Whatisthegraywhalemostthreatenedby?global warming4. Whateffectsofglobalwarmingdopeopleofthisareasee?

retreat of the main ice pack, main ice pack breaking up, erosion problems, polar bears roaming, less ice in water, can't walk on ice

5. Whatdidtheolderresidentsaywasgoodaboutglobalwarming?warmer, use less gas, save money, better for the economy

6. Overthepastthreedecades,howmuchofthegraywhale'sfoodsourcehasbeenlostduetoglobalwarming?30 percent

7. Whatarethemanydifferentthreatsandhazardsthataffectthegraywhalepopulation?use of military sonar, human thirst for petroleum, increased number of ships in ocean, loss of food related to global warming and pollution, pollution on whales themselves, harassment, development

8. Whatarethegoalsforsavingthegraywhalepopulation? to increase awareness of threats to whales, to get decision makers to make better decisions, to increase public support for science, to pass on to the next generation something as good as, if not better than, what we started with

1A

TheGrayWhaleObstacleCourseViewerGuideStudentHandout

The Gray Whale Obstacle CourseViewing Questions

Introduction (2:23-3:35)1. InwhichseasondothegraywhalesbeginarrivingintheArctic?

2. Whathasrecentlyhappenedtothegraywhalepopulation?

3. Howlongisthegraywhales'migration?

4. Wheredothegraywhalesmigratefromandto?

5. Whereintheoceandograywhalesfeed?

Feeding (3:36-6:30)1. HowlongdoesthesunshineintheArcticsummer?

2. Howwilltheteamgetafirsthandlookatthegraywhales'food?3. Howdograywhalesaltertheenvironmentwhentheyfeed?

4. Whatisthevisibilityunderwater?

5. Howdidthediversknowthattheywereintherightspot?

6. Whatspeciesaregraywhalesfeedingon?

7. Howmanyamphipodsdidthemarinebiologistfindinthemudsample?

8. Dograywhaleshaveteeth?

9. Describethemouthofthegraywhale.

10.Whatisbaleenmadeof?

11.Howdograywhalesusetheirmouthwhentheyfeed?

12.Whatisthelastpartoffeeding?

Magdalena Bay (6:33-8:50)1. Whatcouldthesuddendisappearanceofone-thirdofthe

graywhalepopulationbelinkedto?

2. Wheredograywhalesgotomate,givebirthandplay?

3. Wheredotheresearchersbegintrackingthewhales?

4. Whatdothediversfindwhentheyinvestigatewhatwhales'feedingbehaviorlookslike?

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5. Whatdoesthisconfirmforthedivers?

6. WhatdoesdiverMattfindonandpickupontheseafloor?

7. Whatisthegraywhaleusuallyinfestedwith?

8. Whydograywhalesneedarubbingbeach?

San Ignacio Lagoon (9:00-11:59)1. WhatdoesthebraceletmeanthatDonSanteehastohaveon?

2. WhatdotheOceanAdventuresteammembersseewhentheygotothelagoon?

3. Whathappenedin1972?

4. Whatpercentageoffatisthemilkthatcalvesnurseon?5. Whendocalvespartfromthemotherandfendforthemselves?

6. HowwasSanIgnaciorecentlythreatened?

7. "Goodenvironmentalpolicy100percentofthetimeis__________togoodeconomicpolicy."

Satellite tagging (12:00-15:50)1. HowdowhalestraveloncetheyleavetheArctic?

2. Whatissatellitetagging?

3. Whatdothetagsallowtheresearcherstodo?

4. WhatgoodupdatedidCousteaugetduringthetwodaysoftagging?

5. WhenlookingattheGPScoordinates,whatdirectiondotheresearchersseethegraywhalestraveling?

6. Whyarethemothersandcalvesthelasttoleavethelagoon?

7. Whymightallthetagshavestoppedtransmitting?

8. Whatistheteam'sbackupplan?

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Whale watching (15:51-19:48)1. "Thegraywhalehasevolvedto___________."

2. WhatdoestheteamfindsouthofLosAngeles?

3. WhatarethetwokeythingsthattheAmericanCetaceanSociety(ACS)looksattodeterminehowmanygraywhalesthereare?

4. Whatdoresearchersthinkgraywhalesuseoilrigsfor?

5. Howmanymilesadaydoesthegraywhalecoverbyswimmingconstantly?

6. Whathappenedtothecalfcountaftergraywhalesweretakenofftheendangeredspecieslistin1994?

7. Bytrackingpictures,whatdidresearchersdetermineaboutthesizeofthegraywhalegoingnorthandgoingsouth?

Killer whales (19:50-27:30)1. WhatdoesNancyBlack'sresearchlinktothehighnumberof

killerwhales?

2. Whatisthemostintensenaturalobstaclethatgraywhalesencounter?

3. Whatisagreatfoodsourceforkillerwhales?

4. Howmanykillerwhalescanonegraywhalecalffeed?

5. Whyisitimportantforkillerwhalestoteachtheircalveshowtofeedongraywhales?

6. WhichtwowaysdograywhalestravelwhentheycrossMontereyBaytocontinueheadingnorth?

7. Howdotheresearchersthinkkillerwhalesfindgraywhalesinthedeepwater?

8. "Thesewhaleshavelostthesafetyofthe__________astheyenterdeepwaters."

9. Howdokillerwhaleskillagraywhalecalf?

10.Howdokillerwhaleseatthecalf?

11.Whywasthe2004seasonunprecedented?

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12. "Whenweseefewercalvesborn,thenweseefewerattacksandfewer________whalesinthearea."

13.Howmanyofthecalvesbornwillnotsurvivethetripnorth?

Depot Bay (29:20-36:44)1. Whatdoesthegraywhaleneedinorderforitspopulationto

completelyrecover?

2. WhatdothewhalesdowhentheygettoDepotBay?

3. WhatarethegraywhalescalledthatstopatDepotBay?

4. WhatdoesCarrieNewellhavetodotoprovehertheoryaboutresidentwhales?

5. HowmanyresidentshasNewelldocumented?

6. Thesamplerevealedthat____________________________issustainingtheresidentwhales.

7. WhatdidNewellfindwhenshetookasampleofthegraywhales'fecalmaterial?

8. WhatdoesNewellsaywouldhappenifabunchofpollutantsweredumpedinthewatersofDepotBay?

9. Whatisthenameofthewhalethathasbeenshotbyaharpoon?

Photo I.D. (36:45-41:35)1. Howmanygraywhaleidentificationshavetheresearchersmade?

2. WhatpartofthewhaleisusedforidentificationinthisphotoI.D.technique?

3. Whathaveresearchersconfirmedbyidentifyingindividualwhales?

4. Whatistheestimatedsurvivalratefortheresidentwhalesfromyeartoyear?

5. WhatnewobstaclehavegraywhalesencounteredbyfeedinginthewatersofthestateofWashington?

6. WhatdidtheMakahpeopleofWashingtondoin1999?

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7. WhydidtheMakahpeoplesaytheyneededtokillthisgraywhale?

8. Howmanyothertribeshavesignedupforpermitstokilltheirowngraywhales?

9. Howdidthemalejuvenilegraywhaleloseitslife?

Acoustic pollution (41:36-44:59)1. Whatisthenewinvisibleformofenvironmentalpollution?

2. Whatkindofhumanactivitiesareheardunderwater?

3. Whatdoeshigh-frequencysonardo?

4. Whatdotheresearchersnoticehappenstokillerwhaleswhenthemilitaryturnsonmid-intensitysonarintheocean?

Global warming and other concerns (45:00-end)1. "ThewatersoffPointBurrowoncesustainedanentire_______."

2. Whereelseintheworldiswhalinggoingon?

3. Whatisthegraywhalemostthreatenedby?

4. Whateffectsofglobalwarmingdothepeopleofthisareasee?

5. Whatdidtheolderresidentsaywasgoodaboutglobalwarming?

6. Overthepastthreedecades,howmuchofthegraywhale'sfoodsourcehasbeenlostduetoglobalwarming?

7. Whatarethemanydifferentthreatsandhazardsthataffectthegraywhalepopulation?

8. Whatarethegoalsforsavingthegraywhalepopulation?

Ocean Vocabulary Sheet

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The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewer Guide · illustrating the hazards the whales face on their...

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Transcript of The Gray Whale Obstacle Course Viewer Guide · illustrating the hazards the whales face on their...