THE GOLDEN AGE OF GREECE AND GREEK THOUGHT. BEFORE THE GOLDEN AGE Greco-Persian War- occurred...
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Transcript of THE GOLDEN AGE OF GREECE AND GREEK THOUGHT. BEFORE THE GOLDEN AGE Greco-Persian War- occurred...
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THE GOLDEN AGE OF GREECE AND GREEK THOUGHT
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BEFORE THE GOLDEN AGE
Greco-Persian War- occurred because of Athens’ support of Ionia
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Greco-Persian War Map
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TWO MAIN BATTLES
Battle of Marathon Surprising
win for Greeks
Story of
Pheidippides
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BATTLE OF THERMOPYLAE
100,000 Persians “defeated” by 7,000 Greeks
Story of “300” Spartans
Importance?
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EFFECTSIron weapons (used by Greeks) prove better than bronze weapons
Creation of phalanx
Delian League is formed- leads to Athens’ empire and disputes between Athens/SpartaBegins Golden Age of Athens
Greece no longer vulnerable to Persians
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WHAT IS A GOLDEN AGE?ATHENS was at the forefront of world in MANY areasIn Athens- based on Political, military, intellectual advancement
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ARCHITECTURE: THE PARTHENON
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WHAT MAKES IT GREAT?
Building style (columns, symmetry)
Building use (beauty vs. shelter)
Influences architecture of future
Use of “golden rectangle”- ratio of 1 to 1.61803
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ART:
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“THE SCHOOL OF ATHENS”
Sculpted their view of Greek gods
Showed what they viewed as “beauty” NOT what was real
Symmetry again!
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THEATRE
SOPHOCLES- social critic
EURIPIDES- non-religious plays
ARISTOPHANES- comedies
Comedy/Tragedy
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PHILOSOPHY
SOCRATES- Socratic methodDEMOCRITUS- first to propose atom theory
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POLITICS
Pericles- stable direct democracyLed programs
for poorKnown for
speeches- funeral oration
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ON THE OTHER HAND…Sparta- agricultural economyGovernment with checks and balancesExtremely militarized cultureActually better liked throughout Greece than Athens
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ENDED BY:
Peloponessian War
Death of Pericles- 429 BCE
LED TO: New age of Greek thought…WHY?
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Peloponnesian War
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SPARTA vs. ATHENS
Athens= strong navy
Sparta= strong army
Athens weakened by Sparta burning food supplyPlague kills 1/3 of Athens’ populationSparta still unsuccessful in defeating Athens
until 404 BCE
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THE RESULT
Sparta wins- but not really
Athens loses empire, power and wealth
Athenians lose confidence in democracy
Sparta also sapped of resources and declines both economically and militarily