The Global Positioning The Global Positioning SystemSystem

A Worldwide Information UtilityA Worldwide Information Utility

The Global Positioning The Global Positioning SystemSystem

A Worldwide Information UtilityA Worldwide Information Utility

February 2001February 2001

OverviewOverview

• PolicyPolicy• Applications & MarketsApplications & Markets• AugmentationsAugmentations• Sustainment & ModernizationSustainment & Modernization• International CooperationInternational Cooperation

PolicyPolicyPolicyPolicy

GPS is a Dual-Use SystemGPS is a Dual-Use System

• Cold War spinoffCold War spinoff– Developed in 1970s-1980s to support Allied Developed in 1970s-1980s to support Allied

forcesforces– Prominent in Gulf War, KosovoProminent in Gulf War, Kosovo– After KAL-007, civilians gained free access After KAL-007, civilians gained free access

to Standard Positioning Serviceto Standard Positioning Service

• Commercial use now dwarfs military Commercial use now dwarfs military useuse

• GPS policy is managed at a national GPS policy is managed at a national level by the Interagency GPS Executive level by the Interagency GPS Executive Board (IGEB)Board (IGEB)

Agriculture

Commerce State

Interior

NASA

Justice

Joint Chiefs of Staff

Defense Transportation

Interagency GPS Executive BoardInteragency GPS Executive Board

United States GPS PolicyUnited States GPS Policy

• Presidential Decision Directive signed Presidential Decision Directive signed in 1996, endorsed by Congress in 1998in 1996, endorsed by Congress in 1998

• GPS Standard Positioning Service to GPS Standard Positioning Service to remain free of direct user feesremain free of direct user fees

• U.S. to promote acceptance and use of U.S. to promote acceptance and use of GPS as a world standardGPS as a world standard

• Selective Availability -- ended May 2000Selective Availability -- ended May 2000• IGEB to manage GPS as a national assetIGEB to manage GPS as a national asset

United States GPS Policy, United States GPS Policy, cont’d.cont’d.

• Encourage private sector investment Encourage private sector investment in/use of GPS technologies and servicesin/use of GPS technologies and services

• Promote safety and efficiency in Promote safety and efficiency in transportation and other fieldstransportation and other fields

• Promote international cooperation in Promote international cooperation in using GPS for peaceful purposesusing GPS for peaceful purposes

• Advance scientific and technical Advance scientific and technical capabilitiescapabilities

• Strengthen and maintain national Strengthen and maintain national securitysecurity

Applications & MarketsApplications & MarketsApplications & MarketsApplications & Markets

Worldwide Sales of GPS Goods Worldwide Sales of GPS Goods & Services Will Reach $16B by & Services Will Reach $16B by

20032003

Worldwide GPS Revenues Worldwide GPS Revenues By Market SegmentBy Market Segment

Car NavigationCar Navigation

• On-board navigationOn-board navigation• Fleet managementFleet management• Roadside assistanceRoadside assistance• Stolen vehicle Stolen vehicle

recoveryrecovery• Enhanced servicesEnhanced services• Mass market Mass market

dominated by Japandominated by Japan• Dataquest: Unit sales Dataquest: Unit sales

of chips for car of chips for car navigation to reach navigation to reach 11.3M in 200111.3M in 2001

• $4.7B sales by 2003$4.7B sales by 2003

Consumer/RecreationalConsumer/Recreational

• Portable receivers Portable receivers for fishermen, for fishermen, hunters, hikers, hunters, hikers, cyclists, etc.cyclists, etc.

• Recreational Recreational facilities -- golf facilities -- golf courses, ski resortscourses, ski resorts

• Integration of GPS Integration of GPS into cellular phonesinto cellular phones– E-911 requirementE-911 requirement

• $3.8B market by $3.8B market by 20032003

Surveying/Mapping/GISSurveying/Mapping/GIS

• Sub-centimeter accuracySub-centimeter accuracy• 100%-300% savings in 100%-300% savings in

time, cost, & labortime, cost, & labor– Control survey point: Control survey point:

$10,000 in 1986; $250 in $10,000 in 1986; $250 in 19971997

• Rural electrificationRural electrification• Telecom tower Telecom tower

placementplacement• PipelinesPipelines• Oil, gas, and mineral Oil, gas, and mineral

explorationexploration• Flood plain mappingFlood plain mapping• $3.12B market by 2003$3.12B market by 2003

Tracking/Machine ControlTracking/Machine Control

• Package/cargo Package/cargo deliverydelivery

• Fleet and asset Fleet and asset managementmanagement

• Theft recoveryTheft recovery• Public safety and Public safety and

servicesservices• Farming, mining, and Farming, mining, and

construction construction equipmentequipment

• DGPS/RTK required for DGPS/RTK required for many applicationsmany applications

• $3B market by 2003$3B market by 2003

Public ServicesPublic Services

• City planningCity planning• Transportation Transportation

infrastructureinfrastructure– Road Billing Network Road Billing Network

(ROBIN)(ROBIN)– SnowplowsSnowplows

• Emergency responseEmergency response– Law enforcementLaw enforcement– Fire fightingFire fighting– Search and rescueSearch and rescue– ParamedicsParamedics– Disaster reliefDisaster relief

AviationAviation

• GPS approved for GPS approved for en-route navigationen-route navigation

• More efficient flight More efficient flight routing leads to fuel routing leads to fuel savingssavings

• Better tracking of Better tracking of aircraft enhances aircraft enhances safetysafety

• Closer spacing of Closer spacing of planes increases planes increases airspace capacityairspace capacity

• $710M market by $710M market by 20032003

Maritime NavigationMaritime Navigation

• GPS-based vessel tracking GPS-based vessel tracking and traffic management and traffic management maximizes effectiveness of maximizes effectiveness of waterwayswaterways

• Improved safety increases Improved safety increases maritime commercemaritime commerce

• Maritime DGPS service for Maritime DGPS service for enhanced accuracy and enhanced accuracy and safety available in 34 safety available in 34 countriescountries

• $210M market by 2003$210M market by 2003

Original Equipment Original Equipment ManufacturersManufacturers

• ChipsetsChipsets• Electronic boardsElectronic boards• Antennas, componentsAntennas, components• Standalone receiversStandalone receivers• $690M market by 2003$690M market by 2003

MilitaryMilitary

• GPS is a recognized GPS is a recognized NATO standardNATO standard

• GPS is required on GPS is required on all U.S. military all U.S. military systemssystems

• Precision munitions Precision munitions widely used during widely used during Gulf War, KosovoGulf War, Kosovo

TimingTiming

• GPS offers an inexpensive GPS offers an inexpensive alternative to costly, high alternative to costly, high maintenance timing equipmentmaintenance timing equipment

• Telecommunications network Telecommunications network synchronization & managementsynchronization & management– Phones, pagers, wireless systemsPhones, pagers, wireless systems

– LANs, WANs, InternetLANs, WANs, Internet

• Financial transactionsFinancial transactions

• Electrical power grid Electrical power grid management & fault locationmanagement & fault location

• Digital signatures for e-Digital signatures for e-commercecommerce

• Some estimate the timing Some estimate the timing market at $40-100Mmarket at $40-100M

Scientific ResearchScientific Research

• Monitoring Monitoring geological changegeological change– Glaciers, tectonic Glaciers, tectonic

plates, earthquakes, plates, earthquakes, volcanoesvolcanoes

• Wildlife behaviorWildlife behavior• Atmospheric Atmospheric

modelingmodeling– Water vapor contentWater vapor content

• Oceanic studiesOceanic studies– Tidal patternsTidal patterns– Surface mappingSurface mapping

• Time transferTime transfer

Environmental ManagementEnvironmental Management

• ForestryForestry• Wetlands Wetlands

managementmanagement• Natural resource Natural resource

managementmanagement• Fisheries boundary Fisheries boundary

enforcementenforcement• Endangered species Endangered species

and habitat and habitat preservationpreservation

• Hazardous material Hazardous material cleanupcleanup– Oil spills, toxic wasteOil spills, toxic waste

Emerging GPS ApplicationsEmerging GPS Applications

• Entrepreneurs and scientific Entrepreneurs and scientific researchers invent new applications researchers invent new applications almost every dayalmost every day

• Higher precision is necessary for many Higher precision is necessary for many cutting-edge applicationscutting-edge applications– Differential GPS (DGPS)Differential GPS (DGPS)– Relative DGPSRelative DGPS– Carrier phase positioningCarrier phase positioning– Real-Time Kinematic (RTK)Real-Time Kinematic (RTK)– Post-processingPost-processing

Precision AgriculturePrecision Agriculture

• Maximize use of resourcesMaximize use of resources– Optimized plowing of crop rowsOptimized plowing of crop rows– Tailored applications of seeds, Tailored applications of seeds,

fertilizer, water, pesticidesfertilizer, water, pesticides– Improved management of land, Improved management of land,

machinery, personnel, timemachinery, personnel, time– Greater crop yieldsGreater crop yields– Net benefit: $5-14 per acreNet benefit: $5-14 per acre

• Minimize environmental Minimize environmental impactsimpacts– Localized identification and Localized identification and

treatment of distressed crops treatment of distressed crops reduces chemical usereduces chemical use

– Precise leveling of fields prevents Precise leveling of fields prevents fluid runofffluid runoff

Open Pit MiningOpen Pit Mining

• Enhanced Enhanced management of management of assets, equipmentassets, equipment

• Progress tracked in Progress tracked in real-time, remotelyreal-time, remotely

• Improved machine Improved machine control saves time, control saves time, lowers maintenance lowers maintenance and fuel consumption, and fuel consumption, prevents accidentsprevents accidents

• Rapid surveying for Rapid surveying for drilling blast holesdrilling blast holes

• Smaller, more Smaller, more empowered workforceempowered workforce

Space ApplicationsSpace Applications

• Improved orbit and Improved orbit and attitude control for attitude control for spacecraft, International spacecraft, International Space StationSpace Station

• Space Station return Space Station return vehiclevehicle

• Advance Land Observing Advance Land Observing Satellite uses GPS to Satellite uses GPS to calibrate high resolution calibrate high resolution radar mapsradar maps

• Satellite formation flyingSatellite formation flying• Space launch range Space launch range

safetysafety

ConstructionConstruction

• Machinery, asset, Machinery, asset, and personnel and personnel managementmanagement

• Rapid surveys for Rapid surveys for laying foundation laying foundation piles, etc.piles, etc.

• Accident preventionAccident prevention

• Remote control of Remote control of machinery possiblemachinery possible– Japanese volcano damJapanese volcano dam

GPS/RTK technology was used in the GPS/RTK technology was used in the construction of the Øresund Bridge construction of the Øresund Bridge

between Denmark and Swedenbetween Denmark and Sweden

Europe is a Major Player Europe is a Major Player in the GPS Marketin the GPS Market

• Rapid growth projected, especially in Rapid growth projected, especially in car navigation sectorcar navigation sector

• Many European firms already provide Many European firms already provide GPS goods and servicesGPS goods and services– Scandanavian GNSS Industry CouncilScandanavian GNSS Industry Council

• European governments are European governments are investing in GPS augmentation investing in GPS augmentation and reference systemsand reference systems– Maritime DGPSMaritime DGPS– EGNOSEGNOS– EUREF Permanent NetworkEUREF Permanent Network

QuickTime™ and aGIF decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

The Market is Wide OpenThe Market is Wide Open

• Civil signals are freely available, right nowCivil signals are freely available, right now• Openly published GPS specifications allow Openly published GPS specifications allow

anyone to build receivers (no licensing anyone to build receivers (no licensing fees)fees)

• Hardware is becoming a commodityHardware is becoming a commodity• Huge potential exists in value-added Huge potential exists in value-added

servicesservices– Software developmentSoftware development– Embedded applicationsEmbedded applications– Localized GIS databasesLocalized GIS databases– Internet integrationInternet integration– Wireless marketsWireless markets

Unit Cost of Receivers Is Unit Cost of Receivers Is Falling At ~30% Per YearFalling At ~30% Per Year

00

$200$200

$400$400

$600$600

$800$800

19911991 19931993 19951995 19971997 19991999

Source: U.S. GPS Industry Council

Projected Relative Market ShareProjected Relative Market Share

AugmentationsAugmentationsAugmentationsAugmentations

Sustainment & Sustainment & ModernizationModernizationSustainment & Sustainment & ModernizationModernization

Constellation StatusConstellation Status

• 28 operational satellites28 operational satellites– 6 Block IIR satellites on orbit6 Block IIR satellites on orbit– 23 Block II/IIA operational satellites;23 Block II/IIA operational satellites;

• Last launch: January 30, 2001Last launch: January 30, 2001

• Next tentative launch date: August Next tentative launch date: August 20012001

• Continuously assessing constellation Continuously assessing constellation health to determine launch needhealth to determine launch need

Constellation Age by SatelliteConstellation Age by Satellite

0.000.00

2.002.00

4.004.00

6.006.00

8.008.00

10.0010.00

12.0012.00

Years

on

Orb

itY

ears

on

Orb

it

Predicted Mean Mission Duration

Block II: 8.90 yearsBlock IIA: 10.68 yearsBlock IIR: 10 years (est.)

Predicted Mean Mission Duration

Block II: 8.90 yearsBlock IIA: 10.68 yearsBlock IIR: 10 years (est.)

1414 1313 1616 1919 1717 1818 2020 2121 1515 2323 2424 2525 2828 2626 2727 3232 2929 2222 3131 3737 3939 3535 3434 3636 3333 4040 3030 3838 4343 464651514444

Operational Satellite Non-Operational

Operational Satellite Non-Operational

SVNSVN 4141

II IIA IIR

GPS Modernization ProgramGPS Modernization Program

• Need for upgrades recognized as GPS entered Need for upgrades recognized as GPS entered Full Operational CapabilityFull Operational Capability– Anti-jam military needsAnti-jam military needs– Better, more reliable civilian serviceBetter, more reliable civilian service

– Recognized growing importance of GPS to both Recognized growing importance of GPS to both sectorssectors

• 1996 Presidential policy and 1998/1999 Vice 1996 Presidential policy and 1998/1999 Vice Presidential announcements committed U.S. Presidential announcements committed U.S. to modernization and improvement pathto modernization and improvement path– New signals, better service ( no direct user fees)New signals, better service ( no direct user fees)– Selective Availability (SA) discontinuedSelective Availability (SA) discontinued– Over $1 billion added to future U.S. GPS investmentOver $1 billion added to future U.S. GPS investment

The End of Selective AvailabilityThe End of Selective AvailabilityMay 2, 2000May 2, 2000

-200-180

-160-140-120

-100-80-60

-40-20

0

204060

80100120

140160

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Time of Day (Hours UTC)

Horizontal Error (meters)Vertical Error (meters)

2 May 2000Colorado Springs, Colorado

ANALYSIS NOTES

- Data taken from Overlook PAN Monitor Station, equipped with Trimble SVeeSix Receiver- Single Frequency Civil Receiver- Four Satellite Position Solution at Surveyed Benchmark- Data presented is raw, no smoothing or editing

SPS CEP AFTER TRANSITION: 2.8 metersSPS SEP AFTER TRANSITION: 4.6 meters

P(Y)P(Y)

C/AC/A

Modernized Signal EvolutionModernized Signal Evolution

C/AC/A

P(Y)P(Y)

P(Y)P(Y)

P(Y)P(Y)

MMC/AC/AMM

Present SignalPresent Signal(Block II/IIA/IIR)(Block II/IIA/IIR)

22ndnd Civil; M-Code Civil; M-CodeBlock IIR-MBlock IIR-M

(IOC: 2008; FOC: 2010)(IOC: 2008; FOC: 2010)

33rdrd Civil CivilBlock IIFBlock IIF

(IOC: 2012; FOC 2014)(IOC: 2012; FOC 2014)

C/AC/A

P(Y)P(Y)

MM

P(Y)P(Y)

C/AC/AMM

1176 MHz1176 MHz(L5)(L5)

1227 MHz1227 MHz(L2)(L2)

1575 MHz1575 MHz(L1)(L1)

Block IIR-ModifiedBlock IIR-Modified

L1 L2

L1 Enhancements

• New ME code

L1 Enhancements

• New ME code

L2 Enhancements

• New ME code

• New civilian signal (selectable between C/A & R/C)

L2 Enhancements

• New ME code

• New civilian signal (selectable between C/A & R/C)

Modifications Status– Power system characterized– New high power amplifier brass-boarded – Initial backward compatibility tests completed

– New L-band panel designed– Software flexible M-code spectrum and signal power levels

– Modernizing towards the next generation of GPS

– Modifying Block IIR satellites

– Tailored constellation sustainment program

Block IIR ScheduleBlock IIR ScheduleFY00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

SV 10-21 Modification

ATPAug 00

Basic IIR Launches(JPO Projected Profile)

1st IIR SV Retrofit/Delivery/Launch

OCS 12th SV Retrofit/Delivery/Launch

1st IIF Lite Delivery/Launch

Dev

PDR CDR

USAF

USAF

USAF

USAF

USAF

USAF

USAF

USAF

USAF

USAF

USAF

USAF

USAF USAF USAF USAF USAF USAF

Legacy Update

IOCMearth

FOCMearth

Development Legacy OpsTransition

Block IIFBlock IIF

L1

L1 Enhancements

•ME code added

L1 Enhancements

•ME code added

L2 Enhancements

•ME code added

•New civilian signal (selectable between C/A & R/C)

L2 Enhancements

•ME code added

•New civilian signal (selectable between C/A & R/C)L2L5

New L5 Signal•New robust Civilian Nav Signal

New L5 Signal•New robust Civilian Nav Signal

• Modify six satellites already on contract to include

– M-code on L1 and L2– L5 signal

• Procure additional Block IIF satellites necessary to sustain constellation

– Six plus options

• Ensure compatible M-Code signal implementation

• Define Control Segment changes for implementation under SPI effort

Program Status– Recognized need to push up schedule for operational need date - Sep 05– Compressing development Program schedule– Revising long-lead and production program phasing

Block IIF ScheduleBlock IIF Schedule

USAF

FY00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

IOCMearth

FOCMearth

IIF Development

SV 1-6 Modification

ATP (Aug 00)

SV Deliveries

IAT

4 5 6 2 13

SV Launches

Last IIR Mod Vehicle

14

IIF

LL ProdSV 7 - 9 IAT

IOCL5

2012

FOCL5

2014

LLSV 10 - 12 IAT

Prod

USAF

7 8 9

10 11 12

OCS Version 6Ops

Transition

OCS Version 5

Development

JPO Projected Launch Profiles

V5 SW Delivery

V6 SW Delivery

Ops

Development

Transition

DAE Review

4/01

Operational Control SegmentOperational Control Segment

Incremental software versions and hardware upgrades to

support modernization requirements

MonitorMonitorStationStation

Master ControlMaster ControlStation (Schriever AFB)Station (Schriever AFB)

GroundGroundAntennaAntenna

• Control M-CodeControl M-Code• Transition from mainframe system to distributed system Transition from mainframe system to distributed system

architecturearchitecture• Support improved system security architecture; Accuracy Support improved system security architecture; Accuracy

Improvement Initiatives (add NIMA monitoring stations; Improvement Initiatives (add NIMA monitoring stations; improve Kalman filter); initial Block IIF functionalityimprove Kalman filter); initial Block IIF functionality

• Full Block IIF functionality; support L5Full Block IIF functionality; support L5

GPS III ProgramGPS III Program• Procure cost-effective GPS system to meet Procure cost-effective GPS system to meet

next generation military and civilian next generation military and civilian positioning, navigation, and timing needspositioning, navigation, and timing needs

SpaceSpaceSegmentSegment

ControlControlSegmentSegment

UserUserEquipmentEquipment

The GPS III OpportunityThe GPS III Opportunity

• Assess system-wide architectural alternatives Assess system-wide architectural alternatives to:to:– Achieve current and long term GPS performance Achieve current and long term GPS performance

goalsgoals– Reduce long term total ownership costsReduce long term total ownership costs– Capitalize on emerging technologiesCapitalize on emerging technologies– Provide flexibility and robustness to meet evolving Provide flexibility and robustness to meet evolving

requirementsrequirements

– Discover military and economic value of pushing to Discover military and economic value of pushing to higher performance capabilitieshigher performance capabilities

• ScopeScope– Military and CivilMilitary and Civil– Possible augmentation opportunitiesPossible augmentation opportunities

Ensure best GPS system for the next 30 years

GPS III Concept Exploration GPS III Concept Exploration PhasePhase

• 12-month study between government and 12-month study between government and industryindustry– Two contractors (Lockheed Martin, Boeing)Two contractors (Lockheed Martin, Boeing)– Firm Fixed Price contractsFirm Fixed Price contracts– $16M per contractor$16M per contractor– Awarded 8 Nov 00Awarded 8 Nov 00– Spectrum Astro (participating on company funds)Spectrum Astro (participating on company funds)

• Near term goalsNear term goals– Build technical requirements setBuild technical requirements set– Illustrate requirements through architectural Illustrate requirements through architectural

solutionssolutions– Complete Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and cost benefit Complete Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and cost benefit

assessmentassessment

GPS III Study Phase ProductsGPS III Study Phase Products

• Technical Requirements for Development Milestones Technical Requirements for Development Milestones

• Architectures that support Technical RequirementsArchitectures that support Technical Requirements

• Life Cycle Cost estimates for each ArchitectureLife Cycle Cost estimates for each Architecture

• Risk Analysis Risk Analysis

• Draft System Effectiveness and Performance MetricsDraft System Effectiveness and Performance Metrics

• Initial Test and Evaluation Master Plan (TEMP)Initial Test and Evaluation Master Plan (TEMP)

• Acquisition StrategyAcquisition Strategy

• Entry/Exit criteria for Development MilestonesEntry/Exit criteria for Development Milestones

• Technology RoadmapTechnology Roadmap

GPS III Architecture Study GPS III Architecture Study StatusStatus

• Successful initial meetings (Nov 00) and Laboratory Successful initial meetings (Nov 00) and Laboratory Days (Jan 01)Days (Jan 01)

• Near real-time communication in place (web-based)Near real-time communication in place (web-based)• Lockheed MartinLockheed Martin

– Three teams (System Engineering, Architecture, Life Three teams (System Engineering, Architecture, Life Cycle Cost)Cycle Cost)

– Solid initial architectural assessmentsSolid initial architectural assessments• BoeingBoeing

– Five teams (System Concept, User, Ground, Space, Five teams (System Concept, User, Ground, Space, Secondary Payloads, Operations and Support) Secondary Payloads, Operations and Support)

– Focusing on mission and requirements analysisFocusing on mission and requirements analysis• Spectrum AstroSpectrum Astro

– Signed Memorandum of Agreement (Dec 00)Signed Memorandum of Agreement (Dec 00)– Program plan, schedule, and team structure near Program plan, schedule, and team structure near

completecomplete– Providing innovative inputs to GPS III, working to Providing innovative inputs to GPS III, working to

improve position for follow-on phasesimprove position for follow-on phases

GPS III Acquisition StrategyGPS III Acquisition Strategy

FY00

Original ATP

(Apr 00)

0301 02

PD/RR Program Review

(MS I/II)

SRR

CompetitiveTrade Studies(Two contractors)

PD/RR(Two contractors)

ContractAward

ATP(Aug 00)

RFP/SSSARD

CARDInputs

ASR

RFP/SS

GPS III Acquisition Strategy, GPS III Acquisition Strategy, Cont’dCont’d

04 0705 06

Qual Vehicle TestingComplete

EMD(Single contractor)

LLP(MS IIIa)

CDR

Box/System Qual Tests Integ/Assy/Test

PDR

Down Select(MSII)

PD/RR(con’t)

International CooperationInternational CooperationInternational CooperationInternational Cooperation

International CooperationInternational Cooperation

• Promote acceptance and peaceful use Promote acceptance and peaceful use of GPS and its augmentationsof GPS and its augmentations– International offering of GPS to ICAO and International offering of GPS to ICAO and

IMOIMO• Service Service freefree of direct user charges of direct user charges• Non-proprietary signal standards for civil servicesNon-proprietary signal standards for civil services

– GPS Augmentations -- Worldwide GPS Augmentations -- Worldwide interoperabilityinteroperability• Space-based systems (WAAS, MSAS, EGNOS) for Space-based systems (WAAS, MSAS, EGNOS) for

aviationaviation• Land-based DGPS technology for maritime and Land-based DGPS technology for maritime and

terrestrial uses: already adopted by 35 countriesterrestrial uses: already adopted by 35 countries• Global, non-proprietary standardsGlobal, non-proprietary standards

Principles for CooperationPrinciples for Cooperation

• No direct user feesNo direct user fees for civil and public safety for civil and public safety servicesservices

• Ensure Ensure open marketopen market driven competition for user driven competition for user equipment and applicationsequipment and applications

• Open signal structureOpen signal structure for all civil services to for all civil services to promote equal access for applications promote equal access for applications development and value added servicesdevelopment and value added services

• Protection of the current radionavigation Protection of the current radionavigation spectrum from disruption and interferencespectrum from disruption and interference

• Use of GPS time, geodesy, and signal structure Use of GPS time, geodesy, and signal structure standardsstandards

• Seamless, global Seamless, global interoperabilityinteroperability of future of future systems with GPSsystems with GPS

• Recognition of national and international Recognition of national and international security issues and protecting against misusesecurity issues and protecting against misuse

U.S. - Japan CooperationU.S. - Japan Cooperation

• September 1998: Joint Statement signedSeptember 1998: Joint Statement signed• GPS based augmentationsGPS based augmentations• Largest commercial market share for Largest commercial market share for

products and servicesproducts and services• September 1999: Working Groups met in September 1999: Working Groups met in

Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.– PolicyPolicy– TransportationTransportation– Commercial & ScientificCommercial & Scientific

• February 2001: Plenary Meeting, TokyoFebruary 2001: Plenary Meeting, Tokyo

U.S. - Russia ConsultationU.S. - Russia Consultation

• May 19 in Washington, D.C.May 19 in Washington, D.C.• Excellent dialogueExcellent dialogue

– Many common viewsMany common views– Principles of CooperationPrinciples of Cooperation

• Next meeting in MoscowNext meeting in Moscow

U.S. - E.U. ConsultationsU.S. - E.U. Consultations

• Use of GPS and its augmentations for Use of GPS and its augmentations for commercial products and services commercial products and services incorporating open signal structureincorporating open signal structure

• 1998: U.S. presented draft Framework 1998: U.S. presented draft Framework Agreement based on GPS and its Agreement based on GPS and its augmentationsaugmentations– Consider inclusion of: International Advisory Consider inclusion of: International Advisory

Commission, Intent of Guarantee, Statement of Free Commission, Intent of Guarantee, Statement of Free ServiceService

• 2000: Cooperation concept2000: Cooperation concept– Stage 1: Framework Cooperative Agreement based Stage 1: Framework Cooperative Agreement based

on Principles of Cooperationon Principles of Cooperation– Stage 2: Working groupsStage 2: Working groups– Stage 3: Follow-on agreement to cover Galileo Stage 3: Follow-on agreement to cover Galileo

operations phaseoperations phase

U.S. - E.U. Draft AgreementU.S. - E.U. Draft Agreement

• Presented to the Commission on October 5Presented to the Commission on October 5• Embodies GPS Policy & Principles of CooperationEmbodies GPS Policy & Principles of Cooperation

– Government provided satellite signals free of user feesGovernment provided satellite signals free of user fees– Interoperability with GPSInteroperability with GPS– Open signals for critical infrastructure and safety-of-life Open signals for critical infrastructure and safety-of-life

servicesservices– Open specifications and markets for civil equipment and Open specifications and markets for civil equipment and

servicesservices– Users choose which system or combination best meet Users choose which system or combination best meet

their needstheir needs

• Recognizes efforts of other fora: ICAO, IMO, ITURecognizes efforts of other fora: ICAO, IMO, ITU• Accounts for different levels of system maturityAccounts for different levels of system maturity• Lays foundation for future cooperationLays foundation for future cooperation• Next round of talks scheduled for March 20-21, Next round of talks scheduled for March 20-21,

20012001

U.S. Questions About GalileoU.S. Questions About Galileo

• To be understood:To be understood:– Revenue stream generationRevenue stream generation– Future regulatory actionsFuture regulatory actions– Required use (mandate through standards)Required use (mandate through standards)– Interoperability of free open system with Interoperability of free open system with

fee-based encrypted systemfee-based encrypted system• Safety of life applicationsSafety of life applications

– Prevention of misusePrevention of misuse– Open specifications and standards for equal Open specifications and standards for equal

worldwide market accessworldwide market access– Spectrum useSpectrum use– Security serviceSecurity service

SummarySummary

• GPS is a key component of the global GPS is a key component of the global information infrastructureinformation infrastructure

• U.S. is committed to providing GPS service U.S. is committed to providing GPS service free of direct user fees to users worldwidefree of direct user fees to users worldwide

• Adherence to U.S. principles has led to GPS Adherence to U.S. principles has led to GPS standardization and market growthstandardization and market growth

• GPS modernization is under wayGPS modernization is under way• U.S. is continuing international outreach to U.S. is continuing international outreach to

further understanding of GPS, its further understanding of GPS, its augmentations, and its applicationsaugmentations, and its applications

• U.S. is fostering international dialogue to be U.S. is fostering international dialogue to be responsive to global user needsresponsive to global user needs