The Global EPAs Research ConferenceGlobalEPAsResearchConsortium/wp-content/uplo… · Essential for...
Transcript of The Global EPAs Research ConferenceGlobalEPAsResearchConsortium/wp-content/uplo… · Essential for...
The Global EPAs Research Conference
Tokyo, 16-17 January 2017
Non-Tariff Measures data collection and Classification
Ralf Peters
UNCTAD
Essential for Classification:Definition of Non-Tariff Measures
• NTMs: Policy measures, other than ordinary customs tariffs, that can potentially have an economic effect on international trade in goods, changing quantities traded, or prices or both
• Examples:
– SPS, TBT
– Quotas, Import licenses, Anti-dumping …
• NTMs can increase or decrease trade;No judgment over legitimacy
NTM
. NTB
It all started in 2005 / 2006 …
• UNCTAD Expert Group Meeting on NTBs
• Group of Eminent Persons on NTBs
• Multi-Agency Support Team (MAST):FAO, IMF, ITC, OECD, UNCTAD, UNIDO, World Bank, WTO
The Common Language:International Classification of NTMs
• MAST group updated old UNCTAD
NTM classification
• Various steps of testing and revising
• International Classification of
Non-Tariff Measures
Version 2012
International Classification of NTMs
Tree structure – Example
A SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURESA1 Prohibitions/restrictions of imports for SPS reasons
A2 Tolerance limits for residues and restricted use of substances
(…)A8 Conformity Assessment related to SPS
A81 Product registration requirementA82 Testing requirement
A83 Certification requirement
A84 Inspection requirementA85 Traceability requirement
A851 Origin of materials and parts
A852 Processing historyA853 Distribution and location of products after
deliveryA859 Traceability requirements n.e.s.
A86 Quarantine requirement
A89 Conformity assessments related to SPS n.e.sA9 SPS Measures n.e.s.
B TECHNICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE
C PRE-SHIPMENT INSPECTION AND OTHER FORMALITIES D CONTINGENT TRADE PROTECTIVE MEASURES
E NON-AUTOMATIC LICENSING, QUOTAS, PROHIBITIONS …F PRICECONTROL MEASURES INCLUDING ADDIT. TAXES …
G FINANCE MEASURES
H MEASURES AFFECTING COMPETITION
I TRADE-RELATED INVESTMENT MEASURES
At this level of
coding: 177
measures in the
classification
Revision of Classification:Towards the Version 2017
• Revising well developed Chapters A to I and P
– From experience of data collection
– Example: More detailed technical export measrues
• Develop 5 chapters currently not disaggregated
– Rules of Origin
– Post-Sales Services and Distribution Restrictions
– Intellectual Property
– Government Procurement
– Subsidies
• Open MAST group-led process with other experts
– Next meeting 25 September 2017 (tbc) at UNCTAD
And Now? How to improve Transparency or Understanding of NTMs?
Transparency
Comprehensiveness
• All currently applied measures
• Official governmental sources
Comparability
• Consistent data collection methodology for all countries
• Data quality check by UNCTAD
• Revision of methodology
Accessibility
• NTMs classified by nomenclature
• Products classified by Harmonized System
• Affected countries
• Full regulation detail
2nd Step: Data
NTM data collection of official measures
• From here… …to here
8
NTMs and Transparency: 57 countries and 80 per cent of world trade
This is a joint effort
Transparency in Trade Initiative: AfDB, ITC, UNCTAD, World Bank
Other partners and donors: ALADI, ERIA, WTO; Canada, EC, GRIPS,
Japan, Russian Federation, United States
unctad.org/ntm
Currently: China, Korea, EEC, ..
Updating, Japan, ….
Observations: 40'000 (by measure and country)
Variables in the database per obs.: 67
Accessing the TRAINS data: e.g. i-tip.unctad.org
Descriptive data analysis: Frequency Ratio
02
04
06
08
01
00
Pe
rce
nt
BR
N
CH
N
IDN
KH
M
MY
SS
GP
TH
A
VN
M
KA
Z
AU
S
CA
N
EU
N
JP
N
NZ
LU
SA
AR
G
BO
L
BR
A
CH
L
CO
L
EC
U
GT
M
HN
D
ME
X
NIC
PA
NP
ER
PR
Y
SL
V
UR
Y
IND
LK
A
NP
L
PA
KB
EN
CIV
CP
V
ETH
GIN
GM
B
NE
R
NG
A
SE
N
TG
O
Percentage of imported hs6 digit lines coveredby a technical NTM in non-agricultural products
East Asia Transition Economies
Developped Latin America
South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa
Source: UNCTAD TRAINS database
Classification and Data as a sound basis for… …
The UNCTAD Programme on Non-Tariff Measures and Regulatory Policies
To increase transparency and understanding of trade control
measures and regulations for policies to better promote sustainable
development
Find out more about MAST
unctad.org/ntm