The Geology of Mars Flight into Valles Marineris.
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Transcript of The Geology of Mars Flight into Valles Marineris.
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The Geology of Mars
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Flight into Valles Marineris
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Geological Processes
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Chaotic TerrainForms when subsurface water or ice causes a
loss of support and the ground collapses.
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GrabenA depressed block of
land bordered by parallel faults (graben is German for ditch).
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SappingSapping valleys are formed breaks the
surface and undermines rock and sediment,
causing it to collapse.
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Slumping
The grounds collapses and sinks or falls suddenly and
heavily.
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Subsidence
The sinking of ground surface due to the physical removal of ground surface.
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Landslides
Material that has fallen down a steep slope and material piles up at the
bottom.
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Layers
Formed by stacks of lava flows, ash from volcanoes,
dust, or by sediments deposited in water.
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Fractures/Faults
Result from breaks in the surface. They are
generally straight.
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Fracture Fault
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Gullies
Often found on crater walls or other slopes. May be
associated with past liquid water or areas once covered with snow.
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Fissures
Cracks that are found sometimes on the sides of
volcanoes. Lava flows may be seen moving away from the fissure, indicating
lava flow.
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Lava Flows
Formed by flowing lava. Flows can look “wavy” or
“fingery.” Flows are raised features.
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Collapsed Lava Tube
Look similar to channels. Lava once flowed
underground through a tunnel. Some aren’t
completely collapsed and look like a small chain of
craters.
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Channels
Formed by consistent flow of water over a long period
of time. Has a curvy or meandering shape.
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Streamlined IslandsThought to be associated
with the plast flow of water around a feature. Often
found in outflow channels wher large amounts of
water flowed.
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Sand Dunes
Often seen in the bottom of craters or channels.
Look like ripples of material.
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Yardangs
Formed by sand-sized particles being blown
against a surface, wearing it away.
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Regions of Mars
Tharsis
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Volcanic Plateau on Mars.
There are three enormous shield volcanoes Arsia
Mons, Pavonis Mons, and Ascraeus Mons, which are known as the Tharsis
Montes.
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Volcanic Plateau on Mars.
Arsia Mons Parvonus Mons
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Volcanic Plateau on Mars.
Ascraeus Mons
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Volcanic Plateau on Mars.
Olympus Mons is nearby.
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There are other small volcanoes.
Lava flows are common in the Tharsis region.
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Marineris
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Valles Marineris (the Grand Canyon of
Mars is found in this area.
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On Earth, it would stretch from San
Francisco, CA to New York, NY.
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There are many regions in Valles
Marineris.
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There are plateaus in the south, craters in the north and south, additional valleys in
the north
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Meridani
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A heavily cratered region.
Opportunity found evidence for water in
this region.
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The Aureum & Arsinoes Choases (chaotic terrain)
are found in Meridani.
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Syrtis Major
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This is a plateau & volcanic region.
You can see examples of wind
blow terrain.
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This is a highly cratered region.
Valleys and layering geology are found
here.
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Hesperia
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The southern part of the region is on a
plateau.
It is a highly cratered region in the south.
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Elysium Planitia is a major
volcanic region.
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Elysium Mons volcano found here.
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South and west from Elysium Mons you find
Elysium Chasma.
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Continue south and west and you find the Hyblaeus
Dorsa lava flows.
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Memnonia
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The southern part of the region has many
craters.
The craters in this region show evidence
of erosion.
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Tartarus Montes
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In the northeastern corner there are two
plains – Arcadia Planitia and Amazonus Planitia.