The Game of Chess€¦ · Web viewChess is a world renowned checkered board game that is played...
Transcript of The Game of Chess€¦ · Web viewChess is a world renowned checkered board game that is played...
The Game of Chess
Authors:DavidKayKevinStanXavier
Table of Contents
Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................2
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
History.............................................................................................................................................4
Chess Pieces.....................................................................................................................................5
Pawns......................................................................................................................................................6
Knights.....................................................................................................................................................7
Rooks.......................................................................................................................................................8
Bishops....................................................................................................................................................9
Queens..................................................................................................................................................10
Kings......................................................................................................................................................11
How to play chess..........................................................................................................................12
Strategies of chess.................................................................................................................................13
General Strategies.................................................................................................................................14
Initiative.................................................................................................................................................15
Exchanging Pieces..................................................................................................................................16
Phases of the Game...............................................................................................................................17
References......................................................................................................................................18
Index..............................................................................................................................................19
Introduction
Chess is a world renowned checkered board game that is played by people of all ages, backgrounds, ethnicities, and status. It is more likely that you have been exposed to the game than it is a completely new entity that you have never heard of. You might have seen people playing outside in public parks or even on television in that same setting. Whenever you search your friend’s, or even grandparent’s home for fun board games, more times than not you will come across the classic game of chess. Now-a-days people are playing chess on their computers on even on their smartphones or devices in their free or idle time. Nevertheless, chess is not just a “time-killer” game. It has long over its 1500 years of existence been a way to gage genius and develop the mind. Chess has been used to measure and improve people’s foresight, circumspection, and caution for real life applications. Chess grew its influence over its life to reach children at the youngest ages. Kids are now well familiar with the game of chess, and it is not uncommon to see children join chess clubs and enter chess tournaments at as early as elementary school. However, there are many children who are still beginners in chess and are willing to learn and improve. The objective of chess is simply to defeat your opponent by capturing their king piece. However, such a simple task is not easily accomplished. This manual is designed to give you an understanding on how to play the game of chess. It will teach you where the game originates, the use of each piece and their importance, and tips and strategies on how to be a successful player.
History
Chess has been traced back as far as the Gupta Empire in Eastern
India around the 6th century. The game eventually traveled to Persia then
southern Europe. From there it spread throughout the continent and in
the 1400s slowly formed into how we play it today. Pawns became
allowed to move two spaces for their first move, bishops could move
diagonally across the board, and the queen had the power to move with
the most freedom. Since then, chess has blown up in popularity. Chess
had its first world championship in 1886. Even the tournaments have
increased over time to ones specific to women, juniors, seniors, and even
computer players. In the 1900s, the World Chess Federation was
established to be a governing entity over all the international chess
competitions. Towards the end of the millennium in the 1990s, online
chess found its way into the world and has become a common approach
to playing the game. Chess is arguably the most famous board game in
the world and will continue to hold that position for years to come.
Chess Pieces
Chess is has a total of 6 different pieces: Pawns, Knights,
Rooks, Bishops, Queens, and Kings. Each player gets 8
Pawns, 2 Knights, 2 Rooks, 2 Bishops, a Queen, and a King. So
let’s begin with an introduction to how the pieces move and
their “value” based off of the Hans Berliner's system.
Pawns
Pawns can only move forward. Pawns usually only
move one space forward except when they are on the second
row. Then they may move 2 spaces forward if you want them
to. Pawns can only take enemy pieces diagonally forward. If
two pawns are in front of each of each other neither of them
may move. Pawns have a value of 1.
Knights
Knights are very mobile pieces. They move in “L”
shapes. It moves two squares vertically and one square
horizontally, or one square vertically and two squares
horizontally. Knights are the only pieces that can jump over
other pieces. They can only capture enemy pieces by landing
on them. They are valued to be a 3.2.
Rooks
Rooks can move as many spaces as they want
horizontally or vertically. They can take other pieces by
landing on them. Rooks have a value of 5.1.
Bishops
Bishops can only move vertically up or vertically down.
They take pieces by landing on them. Bishops have a value of
3.33.
Queens
Queens are the most versatile pieces in the entire game
because they can move in whichever direction they wish.
They have the highest value of 8.8.
Kings
Kings are the most important piece in the game. The
game is over when either of the opponents king is taken.
This is the piece you want to spend protecting. Kings can
move one space in any directions.
How to play chess
Objective: The goal of the game is to checkmate the other king.
Chess is a game played between two opponents on opposite sides of a board
containing 64 squares of alternating colors. Each
player has 16 pieces: 1 king, 1 queen, 2 rooks, 2
bishops, 2 knights, and 8 pawns. Checkmate
happens when the king is in a position to be
captured (in check) and cannot escape from
capture.
Your goal: to catch the other army's king (before
they catch yours)! When you have him attacked and he can no longer escape, it's
called "checkmate," and you win. This can happen as fast as 3 moves or as long as
300 moves.
You start of the game with an 8 x 8 board and line up your pieces accordingly. To
see who goes first you can flip a coin. The player then moves the pieces according
to their abilities then passes it to the next player. Regardless of the moves, players
always take turns; there is no doubling up or skipping. Capture an opponent's piece
by moving a piece into an occupied square. The captured piece is then removed
from the board and does not return for the remainder of the game. Continue play
with each player moving one piece per turn until the game ends. Play continues
until a King is checkmated or a stalemate occurs. Stalemate can occur in five
scenarios: A player's King is not in check, yet he cannot make another move, there
are not enough pieces on the board to checkmate either player, The exact same
position is repeated three times, Fifty moves have occurred with no pawns moving
and no pieces being captured, Both players agree to stop playing. The game ends
once the player gets a checkmate and takes the other players king.
Strategies of chess
“There are more possible games of chess than atoms in
the observable universe”- Garry Kasparov
The strategies of chess vary from rookie to grandmaster having
a vast amount of variability although there are still some basic
rules of thumb that hold true in most situations. Being able to
play chess well requires practice and dedication but having a
proper understanding of the game is needed before you can
fully enjoy the game.
General Strategies
Control the center of the board. The person who controls
the center four squares is in control of the board and can
dictate the pace and aggressiveness of the game. This can be
done in multiple ways by either having a defensive structure set
up on or around the center or having a hypermodern setup by
controlling the center by positioning your pieces around the
outer sides of the board threatening any of the opponent’s
pieces that would try to enter that zone.
Initiative
Maintain initiative as often as you can. Initiate in chess
refers to making a threat that cannot be ignored. Ideally putting
your opponent in check is a great play because it forces them to
react and have to make a play that is different from their plan.
Either by having to move their king, attack your threatening
piece, or blocking your threat. Often times putting a king in
check to force them to attack your threatening piece is used as
a baiting tactic to have them use a high value piece to kill
something of yours which you can then kill using a defending
piece guarding your threat.
Exchanging Pieces
Losing pieces in chess is inevitable so often times it is a
good idea to try to exchange pieces where you come out with
the greater point or space advantage. Anytime you can take
anything higher than a pawn with a pawn it is ideal but most
times it is not that simple. Exchanging pieces is when you trade
pieces of the same value. Often times this is done by the
attacking player whom controls less space with the better pawn
structure.
Phases of the Game
There are three segments to chess the opening, the middle
game or midgame, and the endgame. The opening is when you
try to develop your control of the center, king safety, and a
good pawn structure. Midgame is when most pieces have been
developed and when most of the piece trading occurs. And you
try to keep any advantage you gained in the opening or recover
if at a disadvantage. The endgame is the stage with only a few
pieces left. Pawns become very important as if they can
advance all the way across the board they can be “promoted”
to any other piece they wish. Often choosing Queen as it is the
most versatile and threatening piece. Because of the lack of
pieces and availability of space the board is very mobile leaving
the king very susceptible to checkmates.
References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess#Opening
http://mr-eurodisco.com/Games/Chess/Schack/ChessGame/Chess-
Game-Schack-spel-play-classic-game-of-CHESS.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_chess
www.thechesswebsite.com/chess-strategy/
http://www.chessplans.com/
http://www.gutenberg.org/files/16377/16377-h/16377-h.htm The Blue Book of Chess
http://www.chessvideos.tv/articleimg/pic1.png Center Board Control
Index
No index entries found.