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![Page 1: The Fundamentals of Public Speaking Audience Centered Process Delivering Your Speech Develop Your Speech Organizing Your Speech Introducing & Concluding.](https://reader031.fdocuments.net/reader031/viewer/2022020921/56649d8c5503460f94a73f76/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
The Fundamentals of Public Speaking
The Fundamentals of Public Speaking
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Anxiety / NervousnessAnxiety / Nervousness
• Nervousness is normalNervousness is normal
• Survey: Death vs. Public SpeakingSurvey: Death vs. Public Speaking
• This class is “safe”This class is “safe”
• This class is a place to practiceThis class is a place to practice
• Remember, the audience wants you to Remember, the audience wants you to succeed.succeed.
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Anxiety / NervousnessAnxiety / Nervousness
• Know your audienceKnow your audience
• Don’t procrastinateDon’t procrastinate
• Pick an appropriate topicPick an appropriate topic
• Prepare & be organizedPrepare & be organized
• InstructorInstructor opens floor for critique (feedback) opens floor for critique (feedback)
• Audience provides critique (feedback)Audience provides critique (feedback)
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“A Speech” vs. Conversation“A Speech” vs. Conversation
• Planned• Formal• Roles of audience
and speaker well defined
• Planned• Formal• Roles of audience
and speaker well defined
• Spontaneous• Informal• Roles are fluid
• Spontaneous• Informal• Roles are fluid
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Communications ProcessCommunications Process
SenderSender
EncodingEncoding
ReceiverReceiver
DecodingDecoding
StaticStatic
TransmissionTransmission
FilterFilter
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Visual Materials
• Visual Aids should support and reinforce your points
• Avoid irrelevant or distracting “eye candy” or gimmicks
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Organize Your Speech
Use major divisions:
• Introduction Get attention & focus audience
(joke, story, shocking statistic)
Provide an idea of where the speech is going
Preview structure (sometimes)
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Organize Your Speech• Body (Structured with subdivisions)
I. Major Idea
A. Supporting idea or evidence
B. Supporting idea or evidence
II. Major Idea A. Supporting idea or evidence
B. Supporting idea or evidence
• Conclusion Should remind audience of central idea
“Call to action”
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Rehearse
• First, in your head
• Then, out loud
• Work out pronunciations and inadvertent tongue twisters
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Deliver Your Speech
• Make eye contact
• Audiences will not perceive nervousness as much as you think
• Have water, but not milk, caffeine or carbonated beverages
• Spit out the gum
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Memorized Speaking
Advantages: - Can have direct eye contact
- No need for notes
- Can move around freely and gesture
Disadvantages: - Speaker may forget
- May sound overly mechanical or rehearsed
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Impromptu Speaking
Advantages: - Can move around freely and gesture
- Spontaneously and authentically delivered
Disadvantages: - May be less organized
- Difficult to cite evidence
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Extemporaneous Speaking
Knowing major outlined points, butnot memorizing exact wording
Advantages: - Well organized and researched - Audience sees authentically delivered speech
Disadvantages: - Takes time to prepare - Takes skill to deliver well - Notes are usually needed
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Characteristics of Effective Delivery
• Good eye contact• Gestures
- Pointing
- Hands on hip(s)
- “Parade rest”
- “Fig Leaf clutch”• Gesture functions
- Repeating/reinforcing, substituting, contradicting
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Characteristics of Effective Delivery
• Movement
- Can eliminate barriers between speaker and audience
- Maintain eye contact while moving
• Posture
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Characteristics of Effective Delivery
• Vocal Quality & Delivery
- Pitch
- Volume
- Articulation / Diction
- Examples of poor articulation
“Lemme”
“Dint”
“Seeya”
“Wanna”
“Mornin”
“Whayado?”
“Fogedaboudit”
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Characteristics of Effective Delivery
• Pronunciation
“aks”, “Nucular”
• Dialect
po’-lice vs. “po-lice’
um’-brella vs. Um-brell’-a
in’-sur-ance vs. in-sur’-ance
• Rate
• Pauses
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Organizing Supporting Details
Central Idea
Main Idea
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Summaries
• Remind the audience of key points• Can reinforce a conclusion• Can lead up to a call-to-action
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The Purpose of Introductions
• Get the audiences favorable attention
• To give the audience a reason to listen
• Introduce the subject
• Establish credibility
• Preview your main ideas
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Possible Introductions
• Illustrations or anecdotes
• Startling facts or statistics
• Quotations
• Humor
• Questions
• References to historical or recent events
• Personal references
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The Purpose of Conclusions
• Summarize the speech
• Restate main ideas
• Provide closure
• Motivate the audience to respond
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Conclusion Possibilities
• Reference back to the introduction
• Issue an appeal or challenge
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Speaking to Inform
Reading: Chapter 15 Please turn OFF all cell phones
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The Goals of Informative Speaking
• To enhance understanding
• To maintain interest
• To be remembered
• To present information objectively
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Strategies to Enhance Recall
• Build in Redundancy
• Make your Ideas Short and Simple
• Pace the flow of Information
• Reinforce the Key Ideas