The free citizen.(Orangeburg, S.C.) 1875-10-09. · n TTIZEN. A. WEBSTER, Editor and Proprietor. "...
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n TTIZEN. A. WEBSTER, Editor and Proprietor. " Tö:LTJME I. A Weekly Paper Devoted to Temperance, Literature and Politics. 0RANGEBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA, SATURDAY, MARCH 20, 1875. NUMBER 32. Tili: (il I.F STD ICM. llt'Vttnfitt lim In Toxi»« Wlnil :iml ««':»,lor -«.':.l\«"»lon nt Hiv *il«**rf*ji ol' lite .Son- tl il,.» ol .SlI'l-olH I. i< i «V-tolO ill tile lOllll Of III«* I'ol ol I'liiocl-«Un«« : iciii.i i«.I mill lil¬ li rt-i |<| HUN 4'ai'i'it'it 1*1*11111 Tlit'ii' lunn Oaf iou*. Itlir.Tlnu I'nrl.i Unman ItrtuifN in I Iii" «'onciiil ICnin. NowOrlciiu-i S|HVI:I1 In ('hi<-ni;n Timen. Knill) passengers who arri ved from Gal¬ veston to-night tlu» most harrowing ac¬ counts of tito clarets nf the cyclone were gathered, ns ii is estimated that some for¬ ty live« were lust ami near i2*»i* houses were swept away hy thc Hood, which cov¬ ered the city for fully two days, besides others made untenantable by the losing of* their foundations hy the water. The scene between the hours of 12, mid¬ night, oh Thursihiv, und I o'clock on Friday morning, witnessed TliK Mi 1ST I'liAllFlM. SCKNKS in thc island city, the events occurring then hoing of thc most thrilling and heart-rending character, houses being un¬ dermined and sent with their inmutes whirling tlmmgh the streets, some lodg¬ ing muí others I icing turned over in their progress to bury ulive tin- inmates in tho debris ur drown them as they attempted to escape. Nut until 7 o'clock Friday morning, did the wind change to the south and drive the water fruin the city, the fall being almost as rapid as had been the rise, and at >S (relock scarcely any water was left in tlie streets, boats in thc meantime being used, and busily plying between the suburbs and the heart ol'the city KKMOVINti WOMKN A N P ('111 I.DU KN lo places ol' safety, the greatest alarm ex¬ isting, as (lie waves during the night swept with immense force from thc mill' to tho bay. Scarcely had quiet bi en re¬ stored, with tho disappearance of the wa¬ ter, when the wind shifted, and increasing in force gradually won- around to the southwest, again sending the Water through the city fruin the west end, and by 8 «»'clock in the afternoon the strand and bay front, which bul a few hours be¬ fore were nearly dry, became covered with waler to the second floor, covering tho wharves, thc wind blowing at forty huies an hour, and sending the water up with immense turee, and A (¡A IN I* OOni Nil KVKUYTHINfi. 'fhe sturm continued until nightfall, when the wind went down, and the wilt« .'ell as suddenly its it rose, leaving innumerable wrecks of churches, houses, barns, and leaving many ships and slnnps high and dry in thc streets of the city, or lipon the beach, and damaging the stock nf gnnds in sume of die Store** tu a large extent, bul tn what exact amount .could .notbe ascertained up to Saturday morning, when the steamship Mary left thc harbor. At that time the stores «vere closed, thc merchants and citizens generally assembling to devise ways for the immediate itKi.iKK OK TIM: DESTITUTK in the way ol' fond, shelter, etc.. hun¬ dreds of them being without humes or anything to cat. The Howard associa¬ tion was also being organized, but even with its tull force they would hardly ho able tn meet thc wants of the distressed, who numbered at least five hundred. Every house in the city, cast of Saith street, from A street to the (iltlf, was wrecked or damaged to such an extent that they were untenantable. Till*. KA ll,KOA li 111(11 Ki KS, it seems, were badly damaged, some stating that it would require a week in repairing them, while others were equally ns confident thai ii would require two weeks to repair thc new Santa Ke bridge, and a mitch longer time to re¬ place the Houston bridge. The city bridges were entirely swept away, some of them being carried severa! miles fruin their original location. Not :i tree, not a shrub, is left standing upon the island, the scene presenting, as the .Mary left the harbor. A IIA II lt KN WASTK, notunlike a desert, excepting that the standing houses gave :i token of life. The steamship Mary started front her wharf at liai veston on Wednesday morn¬ ing while the wind was blowing a gale, ¡ind evidently it was thc intention of the ('alveston agent to semi her to lira- shear, but knowing it pe» ileus to put to sea during such a storm, Capt. Henson concluded to go no further than the buy, and, after getting a safe distance from the dh wa rf, let go both anchors, his udginont forbidding hint from proceed¬ ing further, notwithstanding thc, ns your reporter learned, "imperativo order" lo go to sea. Had he done so, the boat willi al! un board would doubt¬ less have been lost, as she could not have withstoi ul .nu: TintitiniiK (¡ru* SKAS that prevailed all (hat night. About one o'clock on Friday morning, when thc gale raged the fiercest and the seas dashing over the boat, and when noth¬ ing could be seen a boat's length dis¬ tant, t!te I'nglish bark Mary Mel lowell, a three mast vessel and thc largest tn thc harbor, was driven against thc steamship Mary, evett while thc former had ber anchor mit. Houston S|Mfi:il to New Yi>rk lleriilil. The following dispatch was sent by a special reporter, who pushed through to the city mi a schooner, lt is the first re¬ liable news from (lalveston since the storm began: "I reached here about, five o'clock thi- evening < I Kl bl, coming over in u schooner from Virginia Point. The city show:- 1ml little signs of thc storm. ' In the business part ol I he town the wharves are safe and sound, and tho streets show but little sign of the lorty- cight hours' inundation. TIM: LOSS OK I.II r. A grout many houses wi re unrooted, und a great nu inlier of shade lives were blown down. Thc water has subsided af this time, except what may bc standing "?in tue low places. The destructioii ot life in tuc city wits small, lt cannot he truly estimated yet, but uni more than :: «lo/oh lives have boon lost. A woman vas crushed by Ibo Palling of her hon-.-. Dr. Peet» city physician, was lust :it thc quarantine station, together with his grandson, Willie lllunt. Ile moved his lamily into the city and then went back to the station, which was destroyed. Sixty men at work on the breakwater were cut oil' from tile city. A xix K MILK inti rr. All were saved but four. One of these. Pal rick Lnmhigau, drifted lo Virginia Point on a plank (niue miles)and struck the Santa IV bridge and hung to it. Three vessels in port dragged their an¬ chors. One of them Is known tb he safe. Thc safe vessel is thc Memory, sui l'.ng- lish brigantine. The steamer Diana weathered thc storm nobly. < Inc of thc dredge boats fm ni Ked fish ison thc prairie hoar Virginia l'oint. Two schooners drove through the < ¡al- veston railroad bridge and their crews were lost. Seven house- wen- destroyed ¡lt Vir¬ ginia Point. The stnrin was the fiercest ever known here by any citizen. A number of wrecks are reported on the island coast, but nothing definite is known concerning t hem. Matrimonial Kcnimmy. Dr. Lorenz Von Stein, one ot" the mos! eminent of the Austrian political econo¬ mists, has recently made sonic admirable suggestions ¡ti a lecture to thc (¡crinan students in that city upon " woman in the sphere of nat ional economy " which ¡ire worthy of re-production in discussing this important question, although his sta¬ tistical theories are somewhat at variance with American practice and American management of thc household finances. Von Stein divides thc entire family in¬ come into two distinct parts. Thc li rsl, which depends entirely ll pun husilioss and capital, belongs to thc husband. Thc second part, which pertains to household economy, he subdivides into six paris. Four of these, including that piirt of thc income ttl be devoted to thc dwelling, lin standing wants, such as dress, light, lire and servants, thc expense of sickness, death, insurance and recreation, and ¡1 certain sum set apart as the family sav¬ ings-box for the subsequent benefit ol the children, are to bc under the i mine' (Hate jurisdiction of husband and witt together. The wife alone has the sob charge of thc other two parts, which in¬ clude the tinily and weekly expenses o housekeeping. Nc thereupon demand! tllilt the wife, who thus has charge o one-third of thc life-economy and an eulin jurisdiction in thc other two-thirds, slial make thc closest possible estimates of al items ol' expense and of the prices an< quantities of commodities. Upon thi¡ point and its importance he says: " lt i: more important that girls should khov how much a family with an income o 1,200 or 2,400 dorins should spend Ol Hour and meat, turnips ami sugar, that how much nitrogen and oxygen enter inti their composition-most important lb them to know how much it costs to fcc« a lamp during a winter, and how mud clothing and washing t he household needs or how much fuel is required to cook Iii live |>ersoiis. Willi lins supervision ove thc expenses under her charge, the wif is to have the care of the house and sc that all things are in order and notion: is wasted or lost." There is a vast deal of wisdom am sound philosophy in Dr. Von .Stein'ssui! gesf ¡ons. and t hey arc liol ¡tl toge I her with out a sentimental hearing. They have very evident hearing upon connubial ha j pi ness, since good and economical house keeping can make a happy home and hat housekeeping cannot, lt would probald; astound any person, even thc most ol servant, to know how much business th divorce courts have done which has grow out of dirty rooms, ill-cooked meals, III wisc provision bf commodities, had huj big, waste of money, etc. (.'arelcssnoí and improvidence have been the In¬ steps in tin-ruin of manya family, whil prudence, economy and thrift arc vcr sure to cement more closely the bonds . mutual love ill thc family. As \'o Stein says: "The frugal wife in her nen dress at breakfast, who sends her htishan to his business with good spirits, has mo: hold on him. year in and year out, ilia the spendthrift pleasure-seeker who tri« to charm him in thc evening hy her sill and jewels." A Pol ni for Postal-Card Senders. Thc postal laws prohibit any writ ii upon a newspaper or wrapper sent 1 mail, unless prepaid with letter posing and restricts thc writing on postal can to thc back (d' thc same. A single wo] is considered to be a violation ol' thc regulations, and papers which ove alivióos people la.!".-! "one paper" on tl wrapper, to Indicate the exact conten thereof, arc pretty sure to never rem their destination. The other dav (¡Iiicago finn received a postal card, ! which six cents additional postage« i'htirgedrtbec¡iuse on thc lower Iel! Inn coiner of the lac- was written "Senti i Wi." The jins Umist er general was ; pealed to. and seiil the following: "< ont lernen : In answer to your i qtllry, I have lo state thal liv a ruling this department anything whatever, e eept an address, written or printed up thc side of thc postal card intended the address, renders such card limitai hie, and thc same can liol he legally f< warded, unies.-, prepaid al lh< letter rs -three cents, lint if, hy iliad vertan it reaches its destination without sn prepayment, it is chargeable, with don the let ter rates, under the provisions section l-'ii', portal laws, edition of ls In accordance with thc said ruling, card submitted was rendered subject letter postage hy the writing inc date j the -ide d< signed for tho address, having been forwarded wildon' the j J payment of such |M»slagc,i( Ix-camc lia i 1.1 double the letter rates-six cents.'' Funeral Hiles of nu A fr i cnn nf Hank. A correspondent ul' the London Times ¡rives, the following vivid description ol tlie seenes which attend the death ol' a .. eahoeeer," or man ol' rank, in Ash antee: Well, immediately alter demise, the hody ol' a eahoeeer i> washed, anointed with sweet oils and grease, and sptitiklcd with gold-dust. The oils ami grease cause tin- gold-dust to stick to the corpse, which being black, throws oil' the bright color of the gold to perfection. The heard is trimmed into knots, and upon each knot are tied small heads of glass and thin particles ol' gold. lite Ashall- tees, you perceive, are as dainty in the decoration of the heads of their dead as the Assyrian dandies were ol' their own when living. In cloth of costly silk- emhroidcrcd damask, or in velvet or in other rich garments, the hoily is dressed and ornamented with armlets and necklaces of gold ami silver. Very of ten pure lu ni ps of un wrought nug¬ gets of gold, bored through and through, are strung upon a piece of hempen >tring and twisted round ila- forearms in the form ol' bracelets. Thusgavly bedizened and performed and cleansed the body is placed upon a chair in sitting attitude, or is shown recumbent upon a heil, trimmed with gaudy drapery. Winn this combined rite of purification and garniture has been completed the rela¬ tions assemble and begin to dame and sing. While the relations and friends are making merry a fetishinaii, or priest. i> led -lowly into the festive throng, and the female slaves of tin- dead eahoeeer arc brought before him. After the utter¬ ance nf various incantations he pretends that tin- fetish has denoted, liv means ot his í)(cd¡;ttinn, a certain slave for election to follow her master to the next world ; hut I need uni he a much trouble to suggest to vim that the members of the family always decide beforehand anning themselves which unfortunate wretch -hall accompany the deceased clue!', be¬ ing chosen, ami by thc choice condemned lo die. the .-lave is stripped naked. Around her neck a wisp ol' hay is wound and her anns are rudely pinioned with a rope ol' straw. She is now roughly dragged a second time to the presence of the let Uliman, who recommends her, inf a speech of blasphemous rhodomoiitades and rhetorical parade, to serve her master dutifully through the mazes of the unknown sphere to which he has been su m moued on a journey. During the delivery ol' the portentous exhorta¬ tion he ls busily employed in daubing a white-colored earth over the face of the weepihg slave : and w hen thc admonitory harangue has been exhausted he strikes her severely with his open palm upon either cheek. I n benighted zeal the Com¬ pany snatch up the sacerdotal euc They Strive to rival one another in repeating the assault with the harshest violence, and in dealing the keenest pain on her mule and trembling person. the executioners, moreover, are blessed and the congregated hand ol' cahoccers manifest their profound respect hy raising the foot of each executioner with both hands and by rubbing the sole upon the crown ol' their heads. The natives of the (¡ala coast have a loose conception of a state of purgatory dr prohat ion. and en¬ tertain the ¡dca that tile soul of the dead wander.-unrest i ugly for many yearsnho. i the world, and rei pl i res a servant for the performance of menial duties in his long and ceaseless wanderings. I lenee conies the custom ol' killim.' a slave al the death of a eahoeeer, lora eahoeeer may not draw waler, nor how wood, nor cook loud. Ilaving been removed by dint of cull's or manual force from the sight of the fe- tishiuan, the slave is hurried to a wooden box, into which tile carcass of the eaho¬ eeer will eventually he squeezed. Along the lid of the box the slave i< stretched upon her stomach, ami her feet ami head are grasped hy two executioners, so that her struggles may lie subject to control. A friend ol'the dead eahoeeer approaches thc prostrate creature and slashes her with a sword just below the right shoul¬ der-blade. Catching thc blond thal Hows from the wound, he smears the box. When a silllicieney ol' blood has been drawn for this purpose she is lifted from the lui. and is reviled, st ruck and covered with spittle by the bystanders. All the while she utter- the loudest and most grievous lamentations; and the louder and more grievous they are, the more ac- eeptahle do the torturers deem the sacri¬ ficial gratuity to the dead eahoeeer. She if then driven to the spot where sin- is to be slain. When the hoad has been cut oil' thc heart is plucked out through an opening ill lin- back. A n executioner re¬ ceives tlii- head with yells and frantic -'ams ol' joy. am! runs with it through the town. Savagely ami furiously he tosses ii to the ground and kicks it like a hall before him. snatches it up in his Hight, spit- upon it, llings it into the air. catches it in its descent, or, permitting it to drop heavily, kick- it again ami again. The doily is never buried, but is spurned aside lo be eaten h\ wild beasts or vullines. Mon lo (¿row Mushrooms. Mushrooms may be cultivated simply hy laking manure from the stable in small heaps, as little broken as possible, ami laying them about three inches thick mi a hot bcd made of altérnale layeis ol tanner - hark and liorsc-dllllg, thc upper¬ most layer consisting of filmer's bark about two inches thick, ( over the bed then with a lilt lc mannie and about three inches of good -oil. and over all a thick coat of straw. The manure containing the geno- may be known by the appear¬ ance nf white threads running through '.he lit t le heaps, and these lu mp-on break¬ ing will give forth a mushroom smell. Tho shed Pichi nd a hot-hon.-c or -table or lt cdW-huil-c i- good place l ira mush- moni he«', ns tm light is required, hut indy warmth and moisture. Calcareous earth ol'any kind will greatly help.the I production of mushroom*. In Paris j there ¡ire extensive underground mush- nunn gardens, several «d' thc proprietors of some nf thc I* renell mush room farms having many miles «it mushroom beds, cultivated entirely hy lamp light. In all moist climates they ought lo he pro- duced sn groat abundance ami variety, (teing rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, ami constituting, as old Krasni tl s Ilarwill said, .. an isthmus between the two grout continents of nature, the vegetable ami animal kingdoms," they supply a whole¬ some, dol'oioiis, ami nutritive food, ami Would limply repay the trouble of culti¬ vating.- ¡¡ural jVrw Yorker. Women ¡\t Fairs. The agricultural fair is abroad again, ami the mumal reports ami premium lists will soon lill tin* papers. There is Untiling much drier intrinsically than a premium list to a non-exhibitor, hut nevertheless it has its value in the social history of the time. We have heen struck in particular by th«' character of the articles in which women sire en¬ couraged toconuH'te, ami we think those ar! ¡« les are peculiarly significant of tho toil exacted from the sex ami the cul¬ ture commended to them. Although tnesc fairs are called agricultural, we are glad to see that they are also largely domestic and becoming more and more so. In no ease do we value the compe¬ tition and rivalry aroused so much as the direction ami attention of the mind towani improvement There aro always premiums on hinter itMil cheese anil usually on bread, and perhaps «m pickles and preserves and a few other staph s of housewifely produc¬ tion. This is very profit'r, and our only suggestion is that the com|tctition is not carried far.enough and with proper dis¬ crimination. We noticed, the other day, a prom i ll lil granted lor "thc liest one hundred dipped candles," when in this air«; of cheap kerosene and dear tallow, "dipped candles" must he a toilsome ¡up] expensive 1 uNnrv. We can not hut entertain a feeling ot indignation also at the encouragement «d' ehiborati hed- quilts and other products of the needle in which the amount < ¡altor involved set ms quite disproportionate td the use and beauty extracted. The American fa.in-wil'e is generally a hard-worked ju .xiii, and we believe that there : re nure restful diversions than in slaving he/ elf to trilles of this sort. We «lo ¡a« mean io frown mi the adornment of tin liouse amt the person, hut taste tc:.eh"s simplicity. The cn' n'etition sholl id he turned into other channels li lio. The clothing of the family, ami pirtieulary of th«- children, how much m;y he learned ami wived from a judi¬ en us comparison in this direction'.' In si io rt every branch of woman's effort in th«- exhibition community should IK" re¬ presented, hut with a view to the en¬ couragement of thc useful, the tasteful, th. lahor-.-aving, the healthful, rather than the merely curious, the prodigi- ouslv toilsome, or the soomlv iinjHissi- hh.* A suggestive field ol' exhibition is that of "female accomplishments," in which arc usually awarded "one dollar," or "two dollars" for a few indifferent paintings in oil or erayonings. This is a relic ol tlie New England teníale cul¬ ture, which llourished most violently lihout twenty years ago, and which ii fortunately is not yet extinct. We sliii- have to acknowledge our gratitude all the chromos for this, among ot to things, that they have aided in the ex¬ tinction ol' the passion for "painting, live dollars extra," which used to he a conspicuous feature of girls' education. The chromos are better pictures than the girls can paint, can he had for less than thc cost ol' material, and don't waste any time. Of course there are some excuses for it ; it was woman's «'rude ellort tit adorn the hare old farm houses, and she toiled religiously at it, heaven bless her, unconscious that she was daubing. lt was no worse than multiplying wicked tucks ad infinitum «ni the sewing machine, ami the great sin is that while they are painting and tucking they are growing np empty- headed, arni without the knowledge which would sustain life when it pressed hard. There ar«' other accomplishments not so exhibitiible hut better worth while. A familiarity with F.nglish literature will adorn the house more even than ehr«.mos and lillies, though these have their plaies. We have been struck hy the good sense of a Vermont grange which hllK' ottered ami just awarded premiums for the lu st Dower gardens. a wise encouragement to a healthy out¬ door art. 'I'he first prize was awarded to a lady who had raised ninety varie- tic- of geraniums ami soine very choice Howers, this in one of the remote hill town-. From horticulture the step i- easy lo liol.iny. and «o to a whole elliss of acc omplishments which ure really en dirging to the soul, recreativo and loni« to the winde he'mg. Of course it almos goes without saying that fairs, as coil corns women, should he in the hands o wollun. Sprhvifietd UrpubUran, \ roTTox press ol extraordinary j»owö has just heen pul up in Charleston,"- C. lt is so ensily controlled that at «m stroke a pre-ur«'.""of 1200 tons can h drought to hear upon a OOO pound hal of cotton, compressing lo a width « -even and a hall inch« -, and at thc nex stroke a hickory nut. held between th platt« ns can he ernked without htirtin the linger.- of the ladder. Fnortissoit Tin: maintains hi- repu ti linn as the gnat American weat he pptphct. Ile predicted for i-'eptentho ingorilic waves ami voilent I em pest s fl the sen. Facts.sustain tho I'rofcifsor. Liszt's [Maying < hie lady Of rank, at whose house I Liszt was spending thc evening eomniit- toil (lie extreme indiscretion ol* asking him tn ¡»lay, a violation id* all rules of et- ¡«juette ii moil}; great musical artists. Ile had lieen eiiehantiiig her guests with his divine music in the earlier part ot* tho evening; ami had just come in from sup¬ per, when she preferred her request. '? Madame, fat mannt Iris /na," was his answer (''Madame, 1 have eaten very lit¬ tle,"), and, with this implication of hav¬ ing played out the worth «if his supper lie left the house. His contradictory ele¬ ments only prove him to he what he is at the piano-half-demon, half-angel. If his mood happens to he a gloomy one. hi>lin- gers My ahout as if he had a demoniac imp at tia- end of each one. Iiis playV ing heeoines almost infernal in its wild passionate power, and he looks furtively at his audience with a malicious expres¬ sion of delight and triumph, watching the efleel he produces. Tlii- is his demon side. At oilier times he will play with tin- deep¬ est pathos, touching the keys so care¬ lessly, so tenderly, soweepingly, that I've seen men listen with tears running down their cheeks. And yet. when he rises from the piano, not ¡1 sound is heard. He is too irreal to he applauded. I li" does not need it. Ile merely walks quietly away from the instrument, waiting until some one recovers hroath or self-posses¬ sion enough to speak, and then perhaps the first break in the silence will he a long deep-drawn sigh, and " I low grand! " spoken in an undertone of awe. Liszt knows his own power well-none helter ' -and makes no conceal inen t of hi- opin- ' ion. 1 have heard that upon one occas- J sion a holy asked him whom he thought . the greatest living pianist this was many ycarsago- -and he answered prompt¬ ly, " ThaMicrg." " Hut," she said' aston- j ¡shed. " do you consider him superior in yourself ?" And his answer was most r L'oiiimeiidahle in its engaging frankness: Jl . .Madame. I had no idea you made any delcin e to me. I stand too high io he ?om pa red to ordinary pianists." Hooks. Tlie following passage from fîregory Sanatison is the 1110.M extraordinary peciineii ol' rhetorical power wc are ac- |iiaiiited withal. 1: 'lom Moore in his flowery essay on thc k ¡reek Fathers, which appeared in the a Cdin hurg Ucvicw, called it a most in- ¡1 pired piece of declamation, infinitely t u per io r lo anything of the same kind f 11 the whole ranjxe of Knglish literature, li ts effect is not spoiled in translation, a l is worthy ol" popularization. .loe n trenail, the leading writer of the old n sew (»ricans Ilcha-a young Irish exile, !S years of age, a genius, a poet, an ora- t or. a brilliant prose writer, endowed J' nth the greatest conversai ional powers, nd a hrave mu! gallant gentleman, ren- c lend this piece into Knglish. Poor s henan died in |S"»7 in New Orleans, the t itv of his adoption winn- he hoeame t anions. He nevi r stoic any man's noney, nor any man's thoughts. Had ie lived a few years longer In- would lave hecouie renowned all over our j omit rv. He rests in peace, out >>\' the s liriuoil ami villainies of our modern j ociety. in New Orleans, iii an ohscure . omer of the old Catholic S.t. Louis 'oinetery. We often visit the grave of j he inspired poet, and always leave it vi til the consolation that lew wf the iviin: amongst us can. when their last lotir comes, sleep so soundly as our dear loe Krellall. 'l'he following is his translation: A hook is not a mere collection of Manuscripts, Ivoitnd in vellum, and orna- neiited hy cunning hands, which amuses or a moment and passes away, ll is a lower an longs t men, which rules them, (ither like a tyrant or a merciful king, iurrendcring its sceptre after no tempo¬ rary reign, hilt renewing it> prerogatives from year lo year forever. When Horace lovingly warned his lit- île hook against its inevitiihle fate, and in-dieted for it the th u ni lungs of greasy .itizens or foolish school-hoys, he little hough! that he was addressing ti pilgrim >f eternity, charged with a divine mission if wisdom ami pleasure, which should ?case only when all thc sons of man bc- ?omeas generous as .Muecnas and as gifted is l-'laeclls. When Ihnner chanted his great lyric it the leasts ni* tile hospitahle (¡ reeks, the mel (o poietns) was unconscious that his traills would assume form and symmetry, ind, eoileeted in one mighty hook hy a relierons sovereign, liecoiné an heirloom if ago. until each of its hu ruing thoughts hot through the veins of humanity like irrows of empyrean lire. Who know- hut that these winged voids (ejica/'ir/nenia) 1 inscriheil upon his parchment to-day may reappear minngst reader- and students after many -entliries, and claim kindled and com- lauinnship with later ami more gifted cache rsoft hegospel. Who knows hu I I oat 1 fortunate sentence, springing suddenly from my pen. may contain a -ced nf im¬ mortality, which should burgeon and blossom into.i IHIIIIKIICSS forest of thought umler which innumerable generations might n elim- in dream lu I repose. I scatter (bis seed broadcast; if harren, let it rut ; if fruit ful. Iel il grow. The factory women of I'ngliind have inaugurated a movement in favor of the appointment ot' female overseers in facto¬ ries, and against legislativ* restrictions upon the Inlier of women. They he lleve they can. hy their own eïlbrts, obtain heiter hour.-, as men have done, without the interference nf parliament. . Tlli.iti: are 1,700,000 baptist's in tin I fui ted Slal«->. RIK) only 2fi0;000 in T'ng land. Virginia alone has as inanj it. Maim-, New Ilanipshire, V'^mont* and Massachusetts put toire.her. The ilenom- iiiation is very popiilar with negroes. A CALIFORNIAN'S MCXIXICKXCE.- One of thc California princes was casu¬ ally strolling with his wife through Tif¬ fany's jewelry cstablisninent. The wife culled lier husband's attention to a fate opal that was not yet set. It was taken out of the case, and thc value-$7,000- was named ns the juice. It was pur¬ chased in London, and had belonged lo Kugenic's collection. The lady said it would make a handsome brooch set with diamonds. His attention was attracted by something else, and she passed en. lier husband then conferred with the elerk as to tile beauty of a necklace and curings in addition to the brooch. The elerk was authorized to draw a design for an entire set of opals and diamonds! The design when submitted was accepted, and the wife received a surprise present from her husband of the finest set of opals and diamonds in the country. The cost was a mere trifle-$27,000.* It WHS a slight addition to the collection she already possessed of a large set of diamonds which were too valuable for her to bring with her to Saratoga. She, however, felt no risk in wearing emeralds and din. monds that excited the envy of those whose chief delight consists in thc dis¬ play (d' gems that cannot he rivalled. 11er coral set cost a thousand dollars, and there were other sets as valuable. She is handsome, and her laces ¡md emeralds were tln> astonishment of congress hall bal l-r< M »m.-Hartford Times. Cl j KA Tl X < ; AX IX X ( )( : ISN'T OI -I ) M A X. One dav last mouth, when trade wits lull, a Vicksburg grocery clerk procured i piece of sole-leather from a shoemaker, tainted it black, and laid it aside for fu¬ tiré use. Within a few days an old chap 'nun back in the country came in and liq ii i red fora plug of. chewing tobacco. The piece of sole-leather was tied up, »aid for, and the purchaser started for ionic. At the end of the sixth day he ( turned, looking downcast and dejected, md walking into the store he inquired of he clerk : "'Member that tcrbackori got here thc »tiler day?" "Yes." " Well, was that a new brand?" " No-same old brand." '. Kegular plug terbackcr, wal t?" -Yes.'' X %% "Well, then, it's me; it's rig herein ny jaws," Badly replied the . y "I mowed 1 was gittin purty old, l JI was lins handy oh bitin plug. I nev ir seed ¡ling afore this one thlltT couldn't tear o pieces at one chew. I fot-myjeeth on , . t) tins one, and hit and pulled and twisted ikea dog at a root,.and .I've kcpfAtjtS^*i¿~>^-t nd pulling for six diivspihd there she am lbw, the same as the'day vou sold her to ne!" "Seems to be good plug," remarked he clerk, as he smelled of the counter- eit. '. She's all right ; it's me. that's failing!" xclainied the old man. "Pass mc out onie line-cut, and I'll go home and deed he farm to the boys, and git ready for he grave."- Vicksburg JleralG? How NITRO-GLYCERINE is MADE.- Nitro-glycerine is made hythe action f nitric acid upon glycerine at a low em pera tu re. 'lité process consists es- cn tia! ly in the slow mixture of glycer¬ in- with the acid, everything being lacked in ice throughout the operation, md then in washing the nitro-glycerine rom thc excess of acid with water. During the iiroeesa irritating fumes arc riven oil" in large quantities. (Thc work- nen resemble skeletons, they are so un- leah hy.) When it is at last washed and cady "for use. nitro-glycerine is an oily ¡quid, having a specific gravity of 1.0. .'reshly made it is creamy white and ipaque. After prolonged contact with he atmosphere, it clears and becomes ti ra asparen t amber color. It has a sweet minuit ic taste, and produces tl violent leadiichc if placed upon the tongue, or .ven allowed to touch the skin, though the workmen and miners who are con¬ stantly using it soon get rid of this. At :¡'.i to 4(1 degs. Fahrenheit it freezes to ¡I white crvstaline mass. When frozen it ran not lie bred, and it is only safe dur¬ ing transportation when frozen. FLOATIXO.-Men arc drowned by rais¬ ing their arms above water, the unbuoyod iveight of which depresses the head, tither animals have neither motion or ihility to act in a similar manner, and therefore swim naturally. When a man falls into deep water, bc will rise to tho mrfnee, and will continue there if he loes not elevate his hands. If he moves lis hands under water, in any way lie »leases, his head will rise so high as to rive him free liberty to breathe; and if ic will use his legs, as in the act of walk¬ ing tor rather walking up stairs), his 'boulders will rise above the water, so that he may use the less exertion with his hands, or apply them to other ptir- Itoses. These plain directions are recom¬ mended to the recollection of those who liavi not learned to swim in their youth, as they may be lound highly advantage¬ ous in many cases. SARATOGA KXTRAVAOANCE.<- How much is there spent on dress in a season at Saratoga? It would be a curious puz¬ zle to solve. At a rough guess at least .jun,(Kio people visit this village every year. Two-thirds of these are women,or say, at a round ligure, (50,0(10. Thc aver¬ age number <>(' Jrésses-.ind for conveni¬ ence >ake. we'll leave out such trifles ns bonnets, gloves, peucils, etc.,-bought hy each ol' these G(),000 fair ones may bo safely set down at ten, «ind of those one- half' are 'certainly new. Two hundred dollars for an average Saratoga dress isa pretty low computation; but let it pass -let'us bc generous, and not swell their husband's bills to more than they already arc. Thal would give us $1,000 spent bv each fair visitor, and, as a total, tho round s,,nl Of $ßfi,000,000. How ninny schools and hospitals could lie founded with this amount?-Cor. St. Louis Jtte- puiXimn*
Transcript of The free citizen.(Orangeburg, S.C.) 1875-10-09. · n TTIZEN. A. WEBSTER, Editor and Proprietor. "...
nTTIZEN.
A. WEBSTER, Editor and Proprietor.
" Tö:LTJME I.
A Weekly Paper Devoted to Temperance, Literature and Politics.
0RANGEBURG, SOUTH CAROLINA, SATURDAY, MARCH 20, 1875. NUMBER 32.Tili: (il I.F STD ICM.
llt'Vttnfittlim In Toxi»« Wlnil :iml ««':»,lor-«.':.l\«"»lon nt Hiv *il«**rf*ji ol' lite .Son-tl il,.» ol .SlI'l-olH I. i< i «V-tolO ill tile lOllll OfIII«* I'ol ol I'liiocl-«Un«« : iciii.i i«.I mill lil¬li rt-i |<| HUN 4'ai'i'it'it 1*1*11111 Tlit'ii' lunnOaf iou*. Itlir.Tlnu I'nrl.i Unman ItrtuifNin I Iii" «'onciiil ICnin.
NowOrlciiu-i S|HVI:I1 In ('hi<-ni;n Timen.Knill) passengers who arri ved from Gal¬
veston to-night tlu» most harrowing ac¬counts of tito clarets nf the cyclone weregathered, ns ii is estimated that some for¬ty live« were lust ami near i2*»i* houseswere swept away hy thc Hood, which cov¬ered the city for fully two days, besidesothers made untenantable by the losingof* their foundations hy the water. Thescene between the hours of 12, mid¬night, oh Thursihiv, und I o'clock onFriday morning, witnessed
TliK Mi 1ST I'liAllFlM. SCKNKSin thc island city, the events occurringthen hoing of thc most thrilling andheart-rending character, houses being un¬dermined and sent with their inmuteswhirling tlmmgh the streets, some lodg¬ing muí others Iicing turned over in theirprogress to bury ulive tin- inmates in thodebris ur drown them as they attemptedto escape. Nut until 7 o'clock Fridaymorning, did the wind change to thesouth and drive the water fruin the city,the fall being almost as rapid as had beenthe rise, and at >S (relock scarcely anywater was left in tlie streets, boats in thcmeantime being used, and busily plyingbetween the suburbs and the heart ol'thecity
KKMOVINti WOMKN A N P ('111 I.DUKNlo places ol' safety, the greatest alarm ex¬isting, as (lie waves during the nightswept with immense force from thc mill'to tho bay. Scarcely had quiet bi en re¬stored, with tho disappearance of the wa¬ter, when the wind shifted, and increasingin force gradually won- around to thesouthwest, again sending the Waterthrough the city fruin the west end, andby 8 «»'clock in the afternoon the strandand bay front, which bul a few hours be¬fore were nearly dry, became coveredwith waler to the second floor, coveringtho wharves, thc wind blowing at fortyhuies an hour, and sending the water upwith immense turee, and
A(¡A IN I* OOniNil KVKUYTHINfi.'fhe sturm continued until nightfall,
when the wind went down, and thewilt« .'ell as suddenly its it rose, leavinginnumerable wrecks of churches, houses,barns, and leaving many ships and slnnpshigh and dry in thc streets of the city,or lipon the beach, and damaging thestock nf gnnds in sume of die Store** tu alarge extent, bul tn what exact amount
.could .notbe ascertained up to Saturdaymorning, when the steamship Mary leftthc harbor. At that time the stores«vere closed, thc merchants and citizensgenerally assembling to devise ways forthe immediate
itKi.iKK OK TIM: DESTITUTKin the way ol' fond, shelter, etc.. hun¬dreds of them being without humes oranything to cat. The Howard associa¬tion was also being organized, but evenwith its tull force they would hardly hoable tn meet thc wants of the distressed,who numbered at least five hundred.Every house in the city, cast of Saithstreet, from A street to the (iltlf, waswrecked or damaged to such an extentthat they were untenantable.
Till*. KA ll,KOA li 111(11 Ki KS,it seems, were badly damaged, somestating that it would require a week inrepairing them, while others were equallyns confident thai ii would require twoweeks to repair thc new Santa Kebridge, and a mitch longer time to re¬
place the Houston bridge. The citybridges were entirely swept away, someof them being carried severa! miles fruintheir original location. Not :i tree, nota shrub, is left standing upon the island,the scene presenting, as the .Mary leftthe harbor.
A IIA II ltKN WASTK,notunlike a desert, excepting that thestanding houses gave :i token of life.The steamship Mary started front herwharf at liai veston on Wednesday morn¬ing while the wind was blowing a gale,¡ind evidently it was thc intention ofthe ('alveston agent to semi her to lira-shear, but knowing it pe» ileus to put tosea during such a storm, Capt. Hensonconcluded to go no further than thebuy, and, after getting a safe distancefrom the dhwa rf, let go both anchors, hisudginont forbidding hint from proceed¬ing further, notwithstanding thc, nsyour reporter learned, "imperativoorder" lo go to sea. Had he done so,the boat willi al! un board would doubt¬less have been lost, as she could not havewithstoi ul
.nu: TintitiniiK (¡ru* SKASthat prevailed all (hat night. Aboutone o'clock on Friday morning, whenthc gale raged the fiercest and the seasdashing over the boat, and when noth¬ing could be seen a boat's length dis¬tant, t!te I'nglish bark Mary Mel lowell,a three mast vessel and thc largest tnthc harbor, was driven against thcsteamship Mary, evett while thc formerhad ber anchor mit.
Houston S|Mfi:il to New Yi>rk lleriilil.The following dispatch was sent by a
special reporter, who pushed through tothe city mi a schooner, lt is the first re¬liable news from (lalveston since thestorm began: "I reached here about,five o'clock thi- evening < I Kl bl, comingover in u schooner from Virginia Point.The city show:- 1ml little signs of thcstorm.
'
In the business part ol Ihe townthe wharves are safe and sound, and thostreets show but little sign of the lorty-cight hours' inundation.
TIM: LOSS OK I.II r.A grout many houses wi re unrooted,und a great nuinlier of shade lives wereblown down. Thc water has subsided afthis time, except what may bc standing"?in tue low places. The destructioii otlife in tuc city wits small, lt cannot hetruly estimated yet, but uni more than ::«lo/oh lives have boon lost. A woman
vas crushed by Ibo Palling of her hon-.-.Dr. Peet» city physician, was lust :itthc quarantine station, together with hisgrandson, Willie lllunt. Ile moved hislamily into the city and then went backto the station, which was destroyed.Sixty men at work on the breakwaterwere cut oil' from tile city.
A xixK MILK inti rr.All were saved but four. One of these.
Pal rick Lnmhigau, drifted lo VirginiaPoint on a plank (niue miles)and struckthe Santa IV bridge and hung to it.Three vessels in port dragged their an¬
chors. One of them Is known tb he safe.Thc safe vessel is thc Memory, sui l'.ng-lish brigantine. The steamer Dianaweathered thc storm nobly.
< Inc of thc dredge boats fmni Kedfishison thc prairie hoar Virginia l'oint.Two schooners drove through the < ¡al-
veston railroad bridge and their crewswere lost.Seven house- wen- destroyed ¡lt Vir¬
ginia Point.The stnrin was the fiercest ever known
here by any citizen.A number of wrecks are reported on
the island coast, but nothing definite isknown concerning t hem.
Matrimonial Kcnimmy.Dr. Lorenz Von Stein, one ot" the mos!eminent of the Austrian political econo¬
mists, has recently made sonic admirablesuggestions ¡ti a lecture to thc (¡crinanstudents in that city upon "
woman inthe sphere of nat ional economy " which¡ire worthy of re-production in discussingthis important question, although his sta¬tistical theories are somewhat at variancewith American practice and Americanmanagement of thc household finances.Von Stein divides thc entire family in¬come into two distinct parts. Thc li rsl,which depends entirely llpun husilioss andcapital, belongs to thc husband. Thcsecond part, which pertains to householdeconomy, he subdivides into six paris.Four of these, including that piirt of thcincome ttl be devoted to thc dwelling, linstanding wants, such as dress, light, lireand servants, thc expense of sickness,death, insurance and recreation, and ¡1certain sum set apart as the family sav¬ings-box for the subsequent benefit olthe children, are to bc under the imine'(Hate jurisdiction of husband and witttogether. The wife alone has the sobcharge of thc other two parts, which in¬clude the tinily and weekly expenses o
housekeeping. Nc thereupon demand!tllilt the wife, who thus has charge oone-third of thc life-economy and an eulinjurisdiction in thc other two-thirds, slialmake thc closest possible estimates of alitems ol' expense and of the prices an<
quantities of commodities. Upon thi¡point and its importance he says: " lt i:more important that girls should khovhow much a family with an income o
1,200 or 2,400 dorins should spend OlHour and meat, turnips ami sugar, thathow much nitrogen and oxygen enter intitheir composition-most important lbthem to know how much it costs to fcc«a lamp during a winter, and how mudclothing and washing t he household needsor how much fuel is required to cook Iiilive |>ersoiis. Willi lins supervision ovethc expenses under her charge, the wifis to have the care of the house and scthat all things are in order and notion:is wasted or lost."There is a vast deal of wisdom am
sound philosophy in Dr. Von .Stein'ssui!gesf ¡ons. and t hey arc liol ¡tltoge I her without a sentimental hearing. They havevery evident hearing upon connubial ha jpiness, since good and economical housekeeping can make a happy home and hathousekeeping cannot, lt would probald;astound any person, even thc most olservant, to know how much business thdivorce courts have done which has growout of dirty rooms, ill-cooked meals, IIIwisc provision bf commodities, had hujbig, waste of money, etc. (.'arelcssnoíand improvidence have been the In¬steps in tin-ruin of manya family, whilprudence, economy and thrift arc vcrsure to cement more closely the bonds .
mutual love ill thc family. As \'oStein says: "The frugal wife in her nendress at breakfast, who sends her htishanto his business with good spirits, has mo:hold on him. year in and year out, iliathe spendthrift pleasure-seeker who tri«to charm him in thc evening hy her silland jewels."
A Polni for Postal-Card Senders.Thc postal laws prohibit any writ ii
upon a newspaper or wrapper sent 1mail, unless prepaid with letter posingand restricts thc writing on postal canto thc back (d' thc same. A single wo]is considered to be a violation ol' thcregulations, and papers which ovealivióos people la.!".-! "one paper" on tlwrapper, to Indicate the exact contenthereof, arc pretty sure to never remtheir destination. The other dav(¡Iiicago finn received a postal card, !which six cents additional postage«i'htirgedrtbec¡iuse on thc lower Iel! Inncoiner of the lac- was written "Sentii Wi." The jins Umist er general was ;
pealed to. and seiil the following:"< ont lernen : In answer to your i
qtllry, I have lo state thal liv a rulingthis department anything whatever, eeept an address, written or printed upthc side of thc postal card intendedthe address, renders such card limitaihie, and thc same can liol he legally f<warded, unies.-, prepaid al lh< letter rs-three cents, lint if, hy iliad vertanit reaches its destination without snprepayment, it is chargeable, with donthe let ter rates, under the provisionssection l-'ii', portal laws, edition of lsIn accordance with thc said ruling,card submitted was rendered subjectletter postage hy the writing inc datej the -ide d< signed for tho address,having been forwarded wildon' the jJ payment ofsuch |M»slagc,i( Ix-camc liai 1.1 double the letter rates-six cents.''
Funeral Hiles of nu A fr icnn nf Hank.
A correspondent ul' the London Times¡rives, the following vivid description oltlie seenes which attend the death ol' a.. eahoeeer," or man ol' rank, in Ash antee:
Well, immediately alter demise, thehody ol' a eahoeeer i> washed, anointedwith sweet oils and grease, and sptitiklcdwith gold-dust. The oils ami greasecause tin- gold-dust to stick to the corpse,which being black, throws oil' the brightcolor of the gold to perfection. Theheard is trimmed into knots, and uponeach knot are tied small heads of glassand thin particles ol' gold. lite Ashall-tees, you perceive, are as dainty in thedecoration of the heads of their dead asthe Assyrian dandies were ol' their ownwhen living. In cloth of costly silk-emhroidcrcd damask, or in velvetor in other rich garments, thehoily is dressed and ornamented witharmlets and necklaces of gold ami silver.Very of ten pure lu ni ps of unwrought nug¬gets of gold, bored through and through,are strung upon a piece of hempen >tringand twisted round ila- forearms in theform ol' bracelets. Thusgavly bedizenedand performed and cleansed the body isplaced upon a chair in sitting attitude,or is shown recumbent upon a heil,trimmed with gaudy drapery. Winnthis combined rite of purification andgarniture has been completed the rela¬tions assemble and begin to dame andsing. While the relations and friendsare making merry a fetishinaii, or priest.i> led -lowly into the festive throng, andthe female slaves of tin- dead eahoeeerarc brought before him. After the utter¬ance nf various incantations he pretendsthat tin- fetish has denoted, liv means othis í)(cd¡;ttinn, a certain slave for electionto follow her master to the next world ;hut I need uni he a much trouble tosuggest to vim that the members of thefamily always decide beforehand anningthemselves which unfortunate wretch-hall accompany the deceased clue!', be¬ing chosen, ami by thc choice condemnedlo die. the .-lave is stripped naked.Around her neck a wisp ol' hay is woundand her anns are rudely pinioned with arope ol' straw. She is now roughlydragged a second time to the presence ofthe let Uliman, who recommends her, inf aspeech of blasphemous rhodomoiitadesand rhetorical parade, to serve hermaster dutifully through the mazes ofthe unknown sphere to which he hasbeen summoued on a journey. Duringthe delivery ol' the portentous exhorta¬tion he ls busily employed in daubing awhite-colored earth over the face of theweepihg slave : and w hen thc admonitoryharangue has been exhausted he strikesher severely with his open palm uponeither cheek. I n benighted zeal the Com¬pany snatch up the sacerdotal euc TheyStrive to rival one another in repeatingthe assault with the harshest violence,and in dealing the keenest pain on hermule and trembling person.the executioners, moreover, are blessedand the congregated hand ol' cahoccersmanifest their profound respect hy raisingthe foot of each executioner with bothhands and by rubbing the sole upon thecrown ol' their heads. The natives ofthe(¡ala coast have a loose conception of astate of purgatory dr prohat ion. and en¬tertain the ¡dca that tile soul of the deadwander.-unrest i ugly for many yearsnho. ithe world, and rei pl i res a servant for theperformance of menial duties in his longand ceaseless wanderings. I lenee coniesthe custom ol' killim.' a slave al the deathof a eahoeeer, lora eahoeeer may not drawwaler, nor how wood, nor cook loud.
Ilaving been removed by dint of cull'sor manual force from the sight of the fe-tishiuan, the slave is hurried to a woodenbox, into which tile carcass of the eaho¬eeer will eventually he squeezed. Alongthe lid of the box the slave i< stretchedupon her stomach, ami her feet ami headare grasped hy two executioners, so thather struggles may lie subject to control.A friend ol'the dead eahoeeer approachesthc prostrate creature and slashes herwith a sword just below the right shoul¬der-blade. Catching thc blond thal Howsfrom the wound, he smears the box.When a silllicieney ol' blood has beendrawn for this purpose she is lifted fromthe lui. and is reviled, st ruck and coveredwith spittle by the bystanders. All thewhile she utter- the loudest and mostgrievous lamentations; and the louderand more grievous they are, the more ac-
eeptahle do the torturers deem the sacri¬ficial gratuity to the dead eahoeeer. Sheif then driven to the spot where sin- is tobe slain. When the hoad has been cutoil' thc heart is plucked out through anopening ill lin- back. A n executioner re¬ceives tlii- head with yells and frantic-'ams ol' joy. am! runs with it through thetown. Savagely ami furiously he tossesii to the ground and kicks it like a hallbefore him. snatches it up in his Hight,spit- upon it, llings it into the air. catchesit in its descent, or, permitting it to dropheavily, kick- it again ami again. Thedoily is never buried, but is spurned asidelo be eaten h\ wild beasts or vullines.
Mon lo (¿row Mushrooms.
Mushrooms may be cultivated simplyhy laking manure from the stable insmall heaps, as little broken as possible,ami laying them about three inches thickmi a hot bcd made of altérnale layeis oltanner - hark and liorsc-dllllg, thc upper¬most layer consisting of filmer's barkabout two inches thick, ( over the bedthen with a lilt lc mannie and about threeinches of good -oil. and over all a thickcoat of straw. The manure containingthe geno- may be known by the appear¬ance nf white threads running through'.he lit t le heaps, and these lu mp-on break¬ing will give forth a mushroom smell.Tho shed Pichi nd a hot-hon.-c or -table orlt cdW-huil-c i- good place l ira mush-moni he«', ns tm light is required, hutindy warmth and moisture. Calcareousearth ol'any kind will greatly help.the
I production of mushroom*. In Parisj there ¡ire extensive underground mush-nunn gardens, several «d' thc proprietorsof some nf thc I*renell mushroom farmshaving many miles «it mushroom beds,cultivated entirely hy lamp light. Inall moist climates they ought lo he pro-duced sn groat abundance ami variety,(teing rich in nitrogen and phosphorus,ami constituting, as old Krasni tls Ilarwillsaid, .. an isthmus between the two groutcontinents of nature, the vegetable amianimal kingdoms," they supply a whole¬some, dol'oioiis, ami nutritive food, amiWould limply repay the trouble of culti¬vating.- ¡¡ural jVrw Yorker.
Women ¡\t Fairs.
The agricultural fair is abroad again,ami the mumal reports ami premiumlists will soon lill tin* papers. There isUntiling much drier intrinsically than a
premium list to a non-exhibitor, hutnevertheless it has its value in the socialhistory of the time. We have heenstruck in particular by th«' character ofthe articles in which women sire en¬couraged toconuH'te, ami we think thosear! ¡« les are peculiarly significant of thotoil exacted from the sex ami the cul¬ture commended to them. Althoughtnesc fairs are called agricultural, weare glad to see that they are also largelydomestic and becoming more and moreso. In no ease do we value the compe¬tition and rivalry aroused so much asthe direction ami attention of the mindtowani improvementThere aro always premiums on hinter
itMil cheese anil usually on bread, andperhaps «m pickles and preserves and afew other staph s of housewifely produc¬tion. This is very profit'r, and our onlysuggestion is that the com|tctition is notcarried far.enough and with proper dis¬crimination. We noticed, the other day,a prom i ll lil granted lor "thc liest onehundred dipped candles," when in thisair«; of cheap kerosene and dear tallow,"dipped candles" must he a toilsome¡up] expensive 1 uNnrv. We can not hutentertain a feeling ot indignation also atthe encouragement «d' ehiborati hed-quilts and other products of the needlein which the amount < ¡altor involvedset ms quite disproportionate td the useand beauty extracted. The Americanfa.in-wil'e is generally a hard-workedju .xiii, and we believe that there : renure restful diversions than in slavinghe/ elf to trilles of this sort. We «lo¡a« mean io frown mi the adornment oftin liouse amt the person, hut tastetc:.eh"s simplicity. The cn' n'etitionsholl id he turned into other channelsli lio. The clothing of the family, amipirtieulary of th«- children, how muchm;y he learned ami wived from a judi¬en us comparison in this direction'.' Insi io rt every branch of woman's effort inth«- exhibition community should IK" re¬presented, hut with a view to the en¬couragement of thc useful, the tasteful,th. lahor-.-aving, the healthful, ratherthan the merely curious, the prodigi-ouslv toilsome, or the soomlv iinjHissi-hh.*A suggestive field ol' exhibition is
that of "female accomplishments," inwhich arc usually awarded "one dollar,"or "two dollars" for a few indifferentpaintings in oil or erayonings. This isa relic ol tlie New England teníale cul¬ture, which llourished most violentlylihout twenty years ago, and which iifortunately is not yet extinct. We sliii-have to acknowledge our gratitude allthe chromos for this, among ot tothings, that they have aided in the ex¬tinction ol' the passion for "painting,live dollars extra," which used to he a
conspicuous feature of girls' education.The chromos are better pictures thanthe girls can paint, can he had for lessthan thc cost ol' material, and don'twaste any time. Of course there aresome excuses for it ; it was woman's«'rude ellort tit adorn the hare old farmhouses, and she toiled religiously at it,heaven bless her, unconscious that shewas daubing. lt was no worse thanmultiplying wicked tucks ad infinitum«ni the sewing machine, ami the greatsin is that while they are painting andtucking they are growing np empty-headed, arni without the knowledgewhich would sustain life when it pressedhard.There ar«' other accomplishments not
so exhibitiible hut better worth while.A familiarity with F.nglish literaturewill adorn the house more even thanehr«.mos and lillies, though these havetheir plaies. We have been struck hythe good sense of a Vermont grangewhich hllK' ottered ami just awardedpremiums for the lu st Dower gardens.a wise encouragement to a healthy out¬door art. 'I'he first prize was awardedto a lady who had raised ninety varie-tic- of geraniums ami soine very choiceHowers, this in one of the remote hilltown-. From horticulture the step i-easy lo liol.iny. and «o to a whole ellissof acc omplishments which ure really endirging to the soul, recreativo and loni«to the winde he'mg. Of course it almosgoes without saying that fairs, as coilcorns women, should he in the hands owollun. Sprhvifietd UrpubUran,\ roTTox press ol extraordinary j»owöhas just heen pul up in Charleston,"-C. lt is so ensily controlled that at «m
stroke a pre-ur«'.""of 1200 tons can hdrought to hear upon a OOO pound halof cotton, compressing lo a width «-even and a hall inch« -, and at thc nexstroke a hickory nut. held between thplatt« ns can he ernked without htirtinthe linger.- of the ladder.
Fnortissoit Tin: maintains hi- repu tilinn as the gnat American weat hepptphct. Ile predicted for i-'eptenthoingorilic waves ami voilent Iem pest s flthe sen. Facts.sustain tho I'rofcifsor.
Liszt's [Maying< hie lady Of rank, at whose house I
Liszt was spending thc evening eomniit-toil (lie extreme indiscretion ol* askinghim tn ¡»lay, a violation id* all rules of et-¡«juette ii moil}; great musical artists. Ilehad lieen eiiehantiiig her guests with hisdivine music in the earlier part ot* thoevening; ami had just come in from sup¬per, when she preferred her request.'? Madame, fat mannt Iris /na," was hisanswer (''Madame, 1 have eaten very lit¬tle,"), and, with this implication of hav¬ing played out the worth «if his supperlie left the house. His contradictory ele¬ments only prove him to he what he is atthe piano-half-demon, half-angel. If hismood happens to he a gloomy one. hi>lin-gers My ahout as if he had a demoniacimp at tia- end of each one. Iiis playVing heeoines almost infernal in its wildpassionate power, and he looks furtivelyat his audience with a malicious expres¬sion of delight and triumph, watching theefleel he produces. Tlii- is his demon side.At oilier times he will play with tin- deep¬est pathos, touching the keys so care¬lessly, so tenderly, soweepingly, that I'veseen men listen with tears running downtheir cheeks. And yet. when he risesfrom the piano, not ¡1 sound is heard.He is too irreal to he applauded. I li" doesnot need it. Ile merely walks quietlyaway from the instrument, waiting untilsome one recovers hroath or self-posses¬sion enough to speak, and then perhapsthe first break in the silence will he a
long deep-drawn sigh, and " I low grand! "
spoken in an undertone of awe. Lisztknows his own power well-none helter '
-and makes no concealinen t of hi- opin- 'ion. 1 have heard that upon one occas- Jsion a holy asked him whom he thought .
the greatest living pianist this wasmany ycarsago- -and he answered prompt¬ly, " ThaMicrg." " Hut," she said' aston- j¡shed. " do you consider him superior inyourself?" And his answer was most r
L'oiiimeiidahle in its engaging frankness: Jl. .Madame. I had no idea you made anydelcin e to me. I stand too high io he?ompared to ordinary pianists."
Hooks.Tlie following passage from fîregorySanatison is the 1110.M extraordinarypeciineii ol' rhetorical power wc are ac-
|iiaiiited withal.1:'lom Moore in his flowery essay on thc k
¡reek Fathers, which appeared in the aCd inhurg Ucvicw, called it a most in- ¡1pired piece of declamation, infinitely tuperio r lo anything of the same kind f11 the whole ranjxe of Knglish literature, lits effect is not spoiled in translation, al is worthy ol" popularization. .loe n
trenail, the leading writer of the old nsew (»ricans Ilcha-a young Irish exile,!S years of age, a genius, a poet, an ora- tor. a brilliant prose writer, endowed J'nth the greatest conversai ional powers,nd a hrave mu! gallant gentleman, ren- clend this piece into Knglish. Poor shenan died in |S"»7 in New Orleans, the titv of his adoption winn- he hoeame tanions. He nevi r stoic any man'snoney, nor any man's thoughts. Hadie lived a few years longer In- wouldlave hecouie renowned all over our jomit rv. He rests in peace, out >>\' the sliriuoil ami villainies of our modern jociety. in New Orleans, iii an ohscure .
omer of the old Catholic S.t. Louis'oinetery. We often visit the grave of jhe inspired poet, and always leave itvi til the consolation that lew wf theiviin: amongst us can. when their lastlotir comes, sleep so soundly as our dearloe Krellall.'l'he following is his translation:A hook is not a mere collection of
Manuscripts, Ivoitnd in vellum, and orna-neiited hy cunning hands, which amusesor a moment and passes away, ll is alower anlongst men, which rules them,(ither like a tyrant or a merciful king,iurrendcring its sceptre after no tempo¬rary reign, hilt renewing it> prerogativesfrom year lo year forever.When Horace lovingly warned his lit-
île hook against its inevitiihle fate, andin-dieted for it the thunilungs of greasy.itizens or foolish school-hoys, he littlehough! that he was addressing ti pilgrim>f eternity, charged with a divine missionif wisdom ami pleasure, which should?case only when all thc sons of man bc-?omeas generous as .Muecnas and as giftedis l-'laeclls.When Ihnner chanted his great lyric
it the leasts ni* tile hospitahle (¡ reeks, themel (o poietns) was unconscious that histraills would assume form and symmetry,ind, eoileeted in one mighty hook hy arelierons sovereign, liecoiné an heirloomif ago. until each of its hu ruing thoughtshot through the veins of humanity likeirrows of empyrean lire.Who know- hut that these wingedvoids (ejica/'ir/nenia) 1 inscriheil uponhis parchment to-day may reappear
minngst reader- and students after many-entliries, and claim kindled and com-lauinnship with later ami more giftedcache rsoft hegospel. Who knowshu I Ioat1 fortunate sentence, springing suddenlyfrom my pen. may contain a -ced nf im¬mortality, which should burgeon andblossom into.i IHIIIIKIICSS forest of thoughtumler which innumerable generationsmight n elim- in dream lu I repose. Iscatter (bis seed broadcast; if harren,let it rut ; if fruit ful. Iel il grow.
The factory women of I'ngliind haveinaugurated a movement in favor of theappointment ot' female overseers in facto¬ries, and against legislativ* restrictionsupon the Inlier of women. They helleve they can. hy their own eïlbrts,obtain heiter hour.-, as men have done,without the interference nf parliament. .
Tlli.iti: are 1,700,000 baptist's in tinI fuited Slal«->. RIK) only 2fi0;000 in T'ngland. Virginia alone has as inanj it.Maim-, New Ilanipshire, V'^mont* andMassachusetts put toire.her. The ilenom-iiiation is very popiilar with negroes.
A CALIFORNIAN'S MCXIXICKXCE.-One of thc California princes was casu¬ally strolling with his wife through Tif¬fany's jewelry cstablisninent. The wifeculled lier husband's attention to a fateopal that was not yet set. It was takenout of the case, and thc value-$7,000-was named ns the juice. It was pur¬chased in London, and had belonged loKugenic's collection. The lady said itwould make a handsome brooch set withdiamonds. His attention was attractedby something else, and she passed en.lier husband then conferred with theelerk as to tile beauty of a necklace andcurings in addition to the brooch. Theelerk was authorized to draw a design foran entire set of opals and diamonds! Thedesign when submitted was accepted, andthe wife received a surprise present fromher husband of the finest set of opals anddiamonds in the country. The cost wasa mere trifle-$27,000.* It WHS a slightaddition to the collection she alreadypossessed of a large set of diamondswhich were too valuable for her to bringwith her to Saratoga. She, however,felt no risk in wearing emeralds and din.monds that excited the envy of thosewhose chief delight consists in thc dis¬play (d' gems that cannot he rivalled.11er coral set cost a thousand dollars, andthere were other sets as valuable. She ishandsome, and her laces ¡md emeraldswere tln> astonishment of congress hallbal l-r< M »m.-Hartford Times.
Cl j KA Tl X < ; AX IX X ( )( : ISN'T OI -I ) M A X.One dav last mouth, when trade witslull, a Vicksburg grocery clerk procured
i piece of sole-leather from a shoemaker,tainted it black, and laid it aside for fu¬tiré use. Within a few days an old chap'nun back in the country came in andliq ii ired fora plug of. chewing tobacco.The piece of sole-leather was tied up,»aid for, and the purchaser started forionic. At the end of the sixth day he( turned, looking downcast and dejected,md walking into the store he inquired ofhe clerk :"'Member that tcrbackori got here thc
»tiler day?""Yes."" Well, was that a new brand?"" No-same old brand."'. Kegular plug terbackcr, wal t?"-Yes.'' X %%"Well, then, it's me; it's rig herein
ny jaws," Badly replied the . y "Imowed 1 was gittin purty old, l JI waslins handy oh bitin plug. I nev ir seed¡ling afore this one thlltT couldn't tear
o pieces at one chew. I fot-myjeeth on, .
t) tins one, and hit and pulled and twistedikea dog at a root,.and .I've kcpfAtjtS^*i¿~>^-tnd pulling for six diivspihd there she amlbw, the same as the'day vou sold her tone!""Seems to be good plug," remarked
he clerk, as he smelled of the counter-eit.
'. She's all right ; it's me. that's failing!"xclainied the old man. "Pass mc outonie line-cut, and I'll go home and deedhe farm to the boys, and git ready forhe grave."- Vicksburg JleralG?How NITRO-GLYCERINE is MADE.-Nitro-glycerine is made hythe action
f nitric acid upon glycerine at a lowemperatu re. 'lité process consists es-cntia! ly in the slow mixture of glycer¬in- with the acid, everything beinglacked in ice throughout the operation,md then in washing the nitro-glycerinerom thc excess of acid with water.During the iiroeesa irritating fumes arcriven oil" in large quantities. (Thc work-nen resemble skeletons, they are so un-leah hy.) When it is at last washed andcady "for use. nitro-glycerine is an oily¡quid, having a specific gravity of 1.0..'reshly made it is creamy white andipaque. After prolonged contact withhe atmosphere, it clears and becomes tiraasparen t amber color. It has a sweetminuit ic taste, and produces tl violentleadiichc if placed upon the tongue, or.ven allowed to touch the skin, thoughthe workmen and miners who are con¬stantly using it soon get rid of this. At:¡'.i to 4(1 degs. Fahrenheit it freezes to ¡Iwhite crvstaline mass. When frozen itran not lie bred, and it is only safe dur¬ing transportation when frozen.FLOATIXO.-Men arc drowned by rais¬
ing their arms above water, the unbuoyodiveight of which depresses the head,tither animals have neither motion or
ihility to act in a similar manner, andtherefore swim naturally. When a manfalls into deep water, bc will rise to thomrfnee, and will continue there if heloes not elevate his hands. If he moveslis hands under water, in any way lie»leases, his head will rise so high as torive him free liberty to breathe; and ific will use his legs, as in the act of walk¬ing tor rather walking up stairs), his'boulders will rise above the water, sothat he may use the less exertion withhis hands, or apply them to other ptir-Itoses. These plain directions are recom¬mended to the recollection of those wholiavi not learned to swim in their youth,as they may be lound highly advantage¬ous in many cases.
SARATOGA KXTRAVAOANCE.<- Howmuch is there spent on dress in a seasonat Saratoga? It would be a curious puz¬zle to solve. At a rough guess at least.jun,(Kio people visit this village everyyear. Two-thirds of these are women,orsay, at a round ligure, (50,0(10. Thc aver¬age number <>(' Jrésses-.ind for conveni¬ence >ake. we'll leave out such trifles ns
bonnets, gloves, peucils, etc.,-bought hyeach ol' these G(),000 fair ones may bosafely set down at ten, «ind of those one-
half' are 'certainly new. Two hundreddollars for an average Saratoga dress isa
pretty low computation; but let it pass-let'us bc generous, and not swell theirhusband's bills to more than they alreadyarc. Thal would give us $1,000 spentbv each fair visitor, and, as a total, thoround s,,nl Of $ßfi,000,000. How ninnyschools and hospitals could lie foundedwith this amount?-Cor. St. Louis Jtte-puiXimn*
